{"title":"Electromigration activation energy in pure aluminum films deposited by partially ionized beam technique","authors":"O.V. Kononenko, E.D. Ivanov, V.N. Matveev, I.I. Khodos","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00450-A","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00450-A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 1981-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00450-A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74750406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-15DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00445-2
C.H. Chang , Y.M. Koo , B.P. Tolochko
{"title":"Time-resolved SR study on evolution of dislocation structures in polycrystalline copper under uniaxial loading","authors":"C.H. Chang , Y.M. Koo , B.P. Tolochko","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00445-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00445-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 1955-1960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00445-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74967934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-15DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00440-7
B.J. Inkson
superdislocations in TiAl can dissociate on discrete segments of the dislocation line and generate trailing or dipoles. A mechanism for dipole formation from a superdislocation dissociated on two adjacent (111) planes is discussed. The non-coplanar core structure may arise either from direct dissociation by the cross-slip of a superpartial, or by an initial decomposition of the superdislocation and the subsequent pinning of the perfect dislocation by an immobile delocalised partial associated with a non-coplanar superdislocation core.
{"title":"On the mechanism of ± 13 〈211〉 dipole formation in TiAl","authors":"B.J. Inkson","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00440-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00440-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><math><mtext>〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>01〉></mtext></math></span> superdislocations in TiAl can dissociate on discrete segments of the dislocation line and generate trailing <span><math><mtext>± </mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>6</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>11</mtext><mtext>2〉</mtext></math></span> or <span><math><mtext>± </mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>11〉</mtext></math></span> dipoles. A mechanism for <span><math><mtext>± </mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>11〉</mtext></math></span> dipole formation from a <span><math><mtext>〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>01〉</mtext></math></span> superdislocation dissociated on two adjacent (111) planes is discussed. The non-coplanar <span><math><mtext>〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>01〉</mtext></math></span> core structure may arise either from direct dissociation by the cross-slip of a <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>01〉</mtext></math></span> superpartial, or by an initial <span><math><mtext>〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>01〉 → </mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>10〉 + </mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>11</mtext><mtext>2〉</mtext></math></span> decomposition of the superdislocation and the subsequent pinning of the <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>10〉</mtext></math></span> perfect dislocation by an immobile <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>6</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>11</mtext><mtext>2〉</mtext></math></span> delocalised partial associated with a non-coplanar <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext> 〈</mtext><mtext>11</mtext><mtext>2〉</mtext></math></span> superdislocation core.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 1929-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00440-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81176540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-15DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00422-R
Tan Xiao-Li, Gu Hai-Cheng
{"title":"Stacking faults in fatigued titanium single crystals","authors":"Tan Xiao-Li, Gu Hai-Cheng","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00422-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00422-R","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 1977-1980"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00422-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83029927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-15DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)90034-H
{"title":"Author index of volume 33ager, Jr., and C.F. Windisch, Jr., Mater. Sci. and Eng., in press.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)90034-H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-716X(95)90034-H","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2075-2082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)90034-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137351324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00426-V
L. Withanawasam ∗, Y.H. Zheng, G.C. Hadjipanayis, R.F. Krause
We have studied the crystallization, crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of melt-spun ribbons of R6(Fe-Nb)88B6 with RNd, Pr, Dy, Tb and Nd3.5(Fe-Nb)93B3.5 consisting of a mixture of exchange-coupled magnetically hard R2Fe14B and soft α-Fe phases. The as-spun ribbons of R-rich composition crystallize in two steps; for RNd, Pr, and Dy at first the Y3Fe62B14-type + α-Fe phases and subsequently they transform to 2:14:1 and α-Fe upon heating above 700 °C. The intermediate phase in the case of Tb6(Fe-Nb)88B6 is of the TbCu7-type. Very high remanences up to 145 emu/g with reduced remanences ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 were observed. The coercivity of the samples was found to vary with the R element and the hard phase content. The highest room temperature coercivity of 4.5 kOe was obtained in a Nd4Tb2(Fe-Nb)88B6 sample. The observed reversible demagnetization curves are characteristic of exchange-spring magnets.
A two-phase microstructure was also obtained in Sm-Fe-Ga-C ribbons consisting of exchange-coupled 2:17 and α-Fe phases after annealing in the temperature range of 700–800 °C. The highest coercive force (12.8 kOe) was obtained in samples annealed at 800 °C. Annealing at 700 °C led to finer grains with lower coercivities (5kOe) but higher remanences.
{"title":"Nanocomposite R2Fe14B/α-Fe and Sm2 (Fe-Ga)17Cx/α-Fe magnets","authors":"L. Withanawasam ∗, Y.H. Zheng, G.C. Hadjipanayis, R.F. Krause","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00426-V","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00426-V","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have studied the crystallization, crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of melt-spun ribbons of R<sub>6</sub>(Fe-Nb)<sub>88</sub>B<sub>6</sub> with RNd, Pr, Dy, Tb and Nd<sub>3.5</sub>(Fe-Nb)<sub>93</sub>B<sub>3.5</sub> consisting of a mixture of exchange-coupled magnetically hard R<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B and soft α-Fe phases. The as-spun ribbons of R-rich composition crystallize in two steps; for RNd, Pr, and Dy at first the Y<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>62</sub>B<sub>14</sub>-type + α-Fe phases and subsequently they transform to 2:14:1 and α-Fe upon heating above 700 °C. The intermediate phase in the case of Tb<sub>6</sub>(Fe-Nb)<sub>88</sub>B<sub>6</sub> is of the TbCu<sub>7</sub>-type. Very high remanences up to 145 emu/g with reduced remanences ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 were observed. The coercivity of the samples was found to vary with the R element and the hard phase content. The highest room temperature coercivity of 4.5 kOe was obtained in a Nd<sub>4</sub>Tb<sub>2</sub>(Fe-Nb)<sub>88</sub>B<sub>6</sub> sample. The observed reversible demagnetization curves are characteristic of exchange-spring magnets.</p><p>A two-phase microstructure was also obtained in Sm-Fe-Ga-C ribbons consisting of exchange-coupled 2:17 and α-Fe phases after annealing in the temperature range of 700–800 °C. The highest coercive force (12.8 kOe) was obtained in samples annealed at 800 °C. Annealing at 700 °C led to finer grains with lower coercivities (5kOe) but higher remanences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 1765-1774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00426-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75496166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00414-Q
T. Homma , T. Osaka , Y. Yamazaki , T. Namikawa
Correlation between magnetic and structural properties of electroless-deposited CoNiP films for the use of perpendicular magnetic recording media was studied, focusing upon their phase-separated structure in nanometer scale. The media with various perpendicular coercivity, Hc(⊥), were examined and it was clarified that higher Hc(⊥) medium showed a clearer phase-separated condition, which was confirmed by the selective chemical-etching technique. It was strongly indicated that such a structure plays an important role in attaining a high Hc(⊥) and in forming an hcp structure in a film with a Ni-rich average composition.
{"title":"Correlation between magnetic properties and phase-separated microstructure of electroless CoNiP perpendicular magnetic recording media","authors":"T. Homma , T. Osaka , Y. Yamazaki , T. Namikawa","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00414-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00414-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Correlation between magnetic and structural properties of electroless-deposited CoNiP films for the use of perpendicular magnetic recording media was studied, focusing upon their phase-separated structure in nanometer scale. The media with various perpendicular coercivity, Hc(⊥), were examined and it was clarified that higher Hc(⊥) medium showed a clearer phase-separated condition, which was confirmed by the selective chemical-etching technique. It was strongly indicated that such a structure plays an important role in attaining a high Hc(⊥) and in forming an hcp structure in a film with a Ni-rich average composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 1569-1573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00414-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79988940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00410-W
L.Henderson Lewis, Yimei Zhu, D.O. Welch
Previous nanostructural and nanocompositional studies performed on the boundaries of deformed grains in two die-upset rare earth magnets with bulk compositions Nd13.75Fe80.25B6 and Pr13.75Fe80.25B6 indicate that the intergranular phase in many grain boundaries is enriched in iron relative to the bulk. We present here preliminary magnetic data that provide further evidence that this grain boundary phase is indeed iron-rich, and in fact appears to be ferromagnetic. Hysteresis loops were performed at 800 K on die-upset magnets with the above compositions. Each sample showed a clear hysteresis with coercivities between 34 and 40 Oe and an average remanence 4πBR of 6.8 G for the Nd-based sample and 10.3 G for the Pr-based sample. The ferromagnetic signals measured at high temperature in these magnets are attributed to the iron-rich grain boundary phase. The implications of this conclusion with respect to coercivity are discussed.
{"title":"Ferromagnetic grain boundary signature in die-upset Re-Fe-B magnets","authors":"L.Henderson Lewis, Yimei Zhu, D.O. Welch","doi":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00410-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0956-716X(95)00410-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous nanostructural and nanocompositional studies performed on the boundaries of deformed grains in two die-upset rare earth magnets with bulk compositions Nd<sub>13.75</sub>Fe<sub>80.25</sub>B<sub>6</sub> and Pr<sub>13.75</sub>Fe<sub>80.25</sub>B<sub>6</sub> indicate that the intergranular phase in many grain boundaries is enriched in iron relative to the bulk. We present here preliminary magnetic data that provide further evidence that this grain boundary phase is indeed iron-rich, and in fact appears to be ferromagnetic. Hysteresis loops were performed at 800 K on die-upset magnets with the above compositions. Each sample showed a clear hysteresis with coercivities between 34 and 40 Oe and an average remanence 4πB<sub>R</sub> of 6.8 G for the Nd-based sample and 10.3 G for the Pr-based sample. The ferromagnetic signals measured at high temperature in these magnets are attributed to the iron-rich grain boundary phase. The implications of this conclusion with respect to coercivity are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101150,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 1775-1780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0956-716X(95)00410-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}