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Social Science & Medicine (1967)最新文献

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Harvard University—executive programs in health policy and management 哈佛大学卫生政策和管理执行项目
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90186-X
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引用次数: 0
The great American medicine show 伟大的美国医学秀
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90183-4
Guillermo C. Sanchez
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引用次数: 0
Ethical decisions in medicine 医学伦理决策
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90179-2
Lewis M. Silverman
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引用次数: 1
Het ulcus pepticum in tropisch Afrika, in het Bijzonder in het Agogo Ziekenhuis (peptic ulcer in tropical Africa, in particular in the Agogo hospital, Southern Ghana), 热带非洲的溃疡,特别是在Agogo医院(热带非洲的溃疡,特别是在Agogo医院,南加纳),
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90184-6
Sjaak van der Geest
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引用次数: 0
Health manpower strategies for rural health services in India and China: 1949–1975 印度和中国农村卫生服务的卫生人力战略:1949-1975
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90172-X
Rushikesh M. Maru

The paper compares and contrasts health manpower strategies for rural health services in India and China. Three major issues areas are analysed in detail: (1) the duration and the nature of medical education, and the need to decentralize curative and public health tasks to para-professionals; (2)concentration of medical manpower in urban areas; (3) utilization of indegenous medicine practitioners in the regular public health network. The author has described the evolution of policies in each of these three issue areas, compared health manpower strategies, and brought out the implications of these strategies for birth control programmes.

The study concludes that until 1965, both countries faced similar problems in reorienting health services to rural needs. Since 1966, however, China has made a determined effort to bring rural-orientation in her health manpower policies. While the Indian policy makers are still following the “professional” model of rural health care, the Chinese have gone a long way in implementing a “populist” model in their countryside.

本文比较和对比了印度和中国农村卫生服务的卫生人力战略。详细分析了三个主要问题领域:(1)医学教育的持续时间和性质,以及将医疗和公共卫生任务下放给辅助专业人员的必要性;(2)医疗人力集中在城市地区;(3)在正规公共卫生网络中利用土著医学从业人员。作者描述了这三个问题领域的政策演变,比较了卫生人力战略,并提出了这些战略对生育控制方案的影响。该研究的结论是,直到1965年,两国在调整卫生服务以满足农村需求方面都面临着类似的问题。然而,自1966年以来,中国在其卫生人力政策中作出了坚定的努力,以农村为导向。当印度的政策制定者仍然遵循“专业”的农村医疗模式时,中国在农村实施“民粹”模式已经走了很长一段路。
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引用次数: 14
Allopathic medicine in India: A case of deprofessionalization? 印度的对抗疗法:一个去专业化的案例?
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90174-3
R. Jeffery

While there exists considerable literature on the sociology of professions in developed countries, there have been few attempts to deal with occupational groups like doctors in underdeveloped countries. This paper locates allopathic doctors in India in terms of their social organisation and values, and considers the attempts which have been made to secure and extend their autonomy and monopoly. It is argued that nascent professionalization on the model of the developed countries is discernible in India by the 1920s, largely as a result of sponsorship by British doctors and by the Imperial State. However, since then, allopathic doctors in India have lost ground. Their indigenous competitors have produced a situation of medical oligopoly, the political structures have intruded more deeply into decision-making on promotions, entrance to medical college, and the establishment of new medical colleges. As a result, the Western doctors are experiencing deprofessionalization, in that they have lost autonomy both within the outside public employment, and have been vulnerable to political intrusions, though they remain powerful and prestigious. These trends are to be understood as results of the dependent position of India in the medical world, and as a result of the nature of post-colonial society within India.

虽然在发达国家有大量关于职业社会学的文献,但在不发达国家,很少有人尝试处理像医生这样的职业群体。本文定位对抗疗法医生在印度方面,他们的社会组织和价值观,并考虑已作出的尝试,以确保和扩大他们的自主权和垄断。有人认为,在20世纪20年代的印度,可以看到发达国家模式下的新兴专业化,这主要是由英国医生和帝国政府赞助的结果。然而,从那时起,印度的对抗疗法医生就失去了地位。他们的本土竞争者造成了医疗寡头垄断的局面,政治结构更深入地干预了晋升、进入医学院和建立新医学院的决策。因此,西方医生正在经历去专业化,他们在外部公共就业中失去了自主权,并且容易受到政治干预,尽管他们仍然拥有强大的权力和声望。这些趋势应被理解为印度在医学界的依赖地位的结果,以及印度内部后殖民社会性质的结果。
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引用次数: 20
Crusaders, criminals, & crazies 十字军、罪犯和疯子
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90182-2
Malvin Braverman
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引用次数: 0
Criminality and psychiatric disorders 犯罪和精神疾病
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90176-7
David May
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引用次数: 0
Disease and economic development, the impact of parasitic disease in St. Lucia 疾病与经济发展、寄生虫病对圣卢西亚的影响
Pub Date : 1977-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90177-9
Morgan N. Jackson
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引用次数: 8
Adoption of the sick role by prisoners: Report on a multi-functional experiment 囚犯扮演生病角色:多功能实验报告
Pub Date : 1977-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0037-7856(77)90028-2
Barbara Howe, Jack Froom, Lawrence Culpepper, Darlene Mangone

The rights and obligations theoretically involved in the sick role are well known, and recently situational and institutional modifications in the theory have been suggested. In this research, we attempt to assess the extent to which prison inmates use the sick role for secondary gains rather than for acute illnesses. When the division of labor was restructured to include the option of lower levels of care for state prisoners, it was found that their desire for physicians' care decreased dramatically. Although total sick role enactment remained constant when alternative sick call services were made available, most inmates chose to have only symbolic encounters in the health care system rather than consulting with physicians at the sick call.

从理论上讲,病人角色所涉及的权利和义务是众所周知的,最近也有人建议对这一理论进行情境和制度上的修改。在这项研究中,我们试图评估监狱囚犯在多大程度上利用生病的角色来获得次要收益,而不是治疗急性疾病。当劳动分工进行重组,包括对州囚犯的较低护理水平的选择时,人们发现他们对医生护理的渴望急剧下降。虽然当有其他的生病呼叫服务时,总的生病角色扮演保持不变,但大多数囚犯选择在医疗保健系统中只进行象征性的接触,而不是在生病呼叫时咨询医生。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Social Science & Medicine (1967)
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