Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.006
Jintai Wu , Qiaowei Yuan , Takayuki Okada , Bo Yang
This paper investigates a novel method for deriving 4-port S-parameters for the E-MIMO approach. In this method, only the self-S-matrices of the transmitting antennas () and receiving antennas () need to be pre-calculated or measured. The coupling matrix ( or ), which depends on the position of the receiving element, can be estimated using the proposed simplified method. Since the receiving antenna is positioned in the far-field, the Friis transmission formula is applied to estimate the amplitude of the elements in the coupling matrix ( or ), while the array factor is used to estimate the phase of these elements. The S-matrices for a 3 × 1 array, obtained through conventional simulation, measurement, and the proposed estimation method, are compared. Furthermore, these matrices are applied to E-MIMO to compare their radiation patterns and power transmission efficiencies. The results demonstrate that the proposed estimation method achieves radiation patterns and power transmission efficiencies that are closely comparable to those obtained using the conventional method, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"An estimation method of the 4-port S-parameters used for the E-MIMO approach","authors":"Jintai Wu , Qiaowei Yuan , Takayuki Okada , Bo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a novel method for deriving 4-port S-parameters for the E-MIMO approach. In this method, only the self-S-matrices of the transmitting antennas (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and receiving antennas (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) need to be pre-calculated or measured. The coupling matrix (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> or <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), which depends on the position of the receiving element, can be estimated using the proposed simplified method. Since the receiving antenna is positioned in the far-field, the Friis transmission formula is applied to estimate the amplitude of the elements in the coupling matrix (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> or <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), while the array factor is used to estimate the phase of these elements. The S-matrices for a 3 × 1 array, obtained through conventional simulation, measurement, and the proposed estimation method, are compared. Furthermore, these matrices are applied to E-MIMO to compare their radiation patterns and power transmission efficiencies. The results demonstrate that the proposed estimation method achieves radiation patterns and power transmission efficiencies that are closely comparable to those obtained using the conventional method, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 148-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.005
Xin Xu , Xian-Qi Lin
This paper presents a rectenna with mixing functionality, specifically designed for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. The antenna uses an electric dipole structure, which not only features a low profile but also provides high gain, significantly enhancing signal reception efficiency in the SWIPT receiver architecture. Simultaneously, the rectifier integrates a mixing function, allowing simultaneous processing of information and energy signals within the receiver, thus achieving highly efficient resource utilization. Compared with traditional architectures, this design greatly increases the integration of SWIPT receivers, reducing both manufacturing cost and design complexity, which aligns well with the growing demands of compact, high-efficiency modern wireless communication systems. To validate the effectiveness of this design, this paper conducts detailed design, fabrication, and testing of the antenna and integrated rectifying-mixer (IRM) circuit and sets up a practical SWIPT system for experimental verification. The results show that this rectenna can effectively meet the requirements of SWIPT applications under various operating conditions, achieving simultaneous reception of information and energy while demonstrating excellent transmission efficiency and interference resistance. These results confirm the high practicality and potential for widespread application of the proposed rectenna in SWIPT systems.
{"title":"A rectenna with mixing functionality for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)","authors":"Xin Xu , Xian-Qi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a rectenna with mixing functionality, specifically designed for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. The antenna uses an electric dipole structure, which not only features a low profile but also provides high gain, significantly enhancing signal reception efficiency in the SWIPT receiver architecture. Simultaneously, the rectifier integrates a mixing function, allowing simultaneous processing of information and energy signals within the receiver, thus achieving highly efficient resource utilization. Compared with traditional architectures, this design greatly increases the integration of SWIPT receivers, reducing both manufacturing cost and design complexity, which aligns well with the growing demands of compact, high-efficiency modern wireless communication systems. To validate the effectiveness of this design, this paper conducts detailed design, fabrication, and testing of the antenna and integrated rectifying-mixer (IRM) circuit and sets up a practical SWIPT system for experimental verification. The results show that this rectenna can effectively meet the requirements of SWIPT applications under various operating conditions, achieving simultaneous reception of information and energy while demonstrating excellent transmission efficiency and interference resistance. These results confirm the high practicality and potential for widespread application of the proposed rectenna in SWIPT systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 183-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.004
Yan Liang, XinHua Yu, LuCong Lu, JinJun Mo, YiYing Wang
In the application of the wireless power transfer process for the space solar power station, the continuous exposure to the electromagnetic wave could lead to significant thermal effect on human health. Therefore, this paper investigates the accumulated electromagnetic radiation at 5.8 GHz by the temperature rise on a practical arm model which comes from a Chinese female (26-year-old, 162 cm high, and 50kg weight) and the physiological condition setting is included. By comparing the external electromagnetic distributions on the body surfaces facing and facing away from the illumination source, the corresponding differences of two benchmark lines are obtained for both the simulated and measured situations where the normalized values are close in the whole band. Through this indirect analysis consistency for the surface field distribution, the interior field distributions of three different layers (skin, fat, and muscle) are obtained depending on the simulated results. Then, the temperature rise effects are evaluated of which the fat has the highest temperature rise in a short long time than those of the other two layers, and it is the energy source to make all the layers eventually turn to be relatively steady for the 2-hour period.
{"title":"Temperature rise in a realistic arm model illuminated by plane electromagnetic wave","authors":"Yan Liang, XinHua Yu, LuCong Lu, JinJun Mo, YiYing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the application of the wireless power transfer process for the space solar power station, the continuous exposure to the electromagnetic wave could lead to significant thermal effect on human health. Therefore, this paper investigates the accumulated electromagnetic radiation at 5.8 GHz by the temperature rise on a practical arm model which comes from a Chinese female (26-year-old, 162 cm high, and 50kg weight) and the physiological condition setting is included. By comparing the external electromagnetic distributions on the body surfaces facing and facing away from the illumination source, the corresponding differences of two benchmark lines are obtained for both the simulated and measured situations where the normalized values are close in the whole band. Through this indirect analysis consistency for the surface field distribution, the interior field distributions of three different layers (skin, fat, and muscle) are obtained depending on the simulated results. Then, the temperature rise effects are evaluated of which the fat has the highest temperature rise in a short long time than those of the other two layers, and it is the energy source to make all the layers eventually turn to be relatively steady for the 2-hour period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.001
Zhou-Lin Fan, Shuo Cao, Xue-Xia Yang
A high efficient C-band circularly polarized rectenna array with low-profile and lightweight for wireless power transmission of space solar power stations is proposed and designed in this paper. The receiving antenna is an aperture-coupled microstrip quasi-square patch. The patch simultaneously excites two orthogonal modes of TM10 and TM01, which have a phase difference of 90° by the perturbation method, so that the antenna operates in a circularly polarized state. The rectifier circuit is designed by microstrip lines in a parallel topology, and it consists of a stepped impedance matching network, a Schottky diode, two sector-branches as pass-through filter and a load. The input impedance of the rectifier and the characteristic impedance of the antenna feedline are both 50 for being directly integrated into a rectenna. This rectenna has the advantages of low profile and scalability. The rectenna element, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 subarrays are simulated and tested with good agreement being obtained. The measured results show that the rectification efficiencies of the element and the two subarrays are 73.1%, 72.7%, and 71.3% respectively at the center frequency of 5.76 GHz. Finally, a large rectenna array with 0.7 m aperture is designed to verify the scalability of the design. It will obtain 16.7 W of DC power at an efficiency of 65%. The rectenna has a profile of 1.61 mm and a surface density of less than 1.2 kg/m2.
{"title":"High efficient C-band circularly polarized rectenna array with low-profile and lightweight","authors":"Zhou-Lin Fan, Shuo Cao, Xue-Xia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high efficient C-band circularly polarized rectenna array with low-profile and lightweight for wireless power transmission of space solar power stations is proposed and designed in this paper. The receiving antenna is an aperture-coupled microstrip quasi-square patch. The patch simultaneously excites two orthogonal modes of TM<sub>10</sub> and TM<sub>01</sub>, which have a phase difference of 90° by the perturbation method, so that the antenna operates in a circularly polarized state. The rectifier circuit is designed by microstrip lines in a parallel topology, and it consists of a stepped impedance matching network, a Schottky diode, two sector-branches as pass-through filter and a load. The input impedance of the rectifier and the characteristic impedance of the antenna feedline are both 50 <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> for being directly integrated into a rectenna. This rectenna has the advantages of low profile and scalability. The rectenna element, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 subarrays are simulated and tested with good agreement being obtained. The measured results show that the rectification efficiencies of the element and the two subarrays are 73.1%, 72.7%, and 71.3% respectively at the center frequency of 5.76 GHz. Finally, a large rectenna array with 0.7 m aperture is designed to verify the scalability of the design. It will obtain 16.7 W of DC power at an efficiency of 65%. The rectenna has a profile of 1.61 mm and a surface density of less than 1.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.002
Qiankun Xu, Fengling Peng, Xing Chen
Microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) technology enables the efficient, contactless transmission of energy through electromagnetic waves, with widespread applications in wireless charging, remote energy transmission, and satellite-based power harvesting, holding significant social, economic, and environmental implications. A ground-to-air WPT system is presented as a sample, this study investigates the impact of antenna polarization modes on the transmission efficiency of WPT systems for moving targets. Numerical simulations of transmission coefficients are conducted under various deflection angles, with transmission distances at both near-field (103 mm) and far-field (350 mm). The three polarization modes are single-line polarization (SL), dual-line polarization (DL), and circular polarization (CP). The results show that the polarization configuration with a single-line polarized transmitting array and a dual-line polarized receiving array (SL–DL) exhibits superior transmission efficiency. In the near field (103 mm), the linear transmission coefficient values of SL–DL are on average 0.08 and 0.06 higher compared to SL–SL and CP–CP at various angles, respectively. In the far field (350 mm), the corresponding transmission coefficient values increase by an average of 0.02 and 0.016.
{"title":"Polarization design of microwave wireless transmission systems for moving targets","authors":"Qiankun Xu, Fengling Peng, Xing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) technology enables the efficient, contactless transmission of energy through electromagnetic waves, with widespread applications in wireless charging, remote energy transmission, and satellite-based power harvesting, holding significant social, economic, and environmental implications. A ground-to-air WPT system is presented as a sample, this study investigates the impact of antenna polarization modes on the transmission efficiency of WPT systems for moving targets. Numerical simulations of transmission coefficients are conducted under various deflection angles, with transmission distances at both near-field (103 mm) and far-field (350 mm). The three polarization modes are single-line polarization (SL), dual-line polarization (DL), and circular polarization (CP). The results show that the polarization configuration with a single-line polarized transmitting array and a dual-line polarized receiving array (SL–DL) exhibits superior transmission efficiency. In the near field (103 mm), the linear transmission coefficient values of SL–DL are on average 0.08 and 0.06 higher compared to SL–SL and CP–CP at various angles, respectively. In the far field (350 mm), the corresponding transmission coefficient values increase by an average of 0.02 and 0.016.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143279104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.003
Yuxiao Zhang, Deshuang Zhao, Shouhao Wang
In this paper, we aim to summarize the recent development of radio-frequency (RF)-to-dc rectifying circuits designed for microwave power transfer (MPT) systems. First, we review the history of the rectification development from mechanical devices to wide-bandgap semiconductors. Next, according to their operating frequencies and input power levels, we summarize the rectifying diode devices widely used in the literature, which can be used as a guide manual to select the rectifying diodes properly for designing the rectifying circuits. Then, various rectifying circuits developed at different input power levels in recent years are summarized. Finally, we summarize the methods to model the diodes for more precise design of the RF-to-dc rectifying circuits.
{"title":"Recent development of RF-to-dc rectifying technologies for wireless power transfer","authors":"Yuxiao Zhang, Deshuang Zhao, Shouhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we aim to summarize the recent development of radio-frequency (RF)-to-dc rectifying circuits designed for microwave power transfer (MPT) systems. First, we review the history of the rectification development from mechanical devices to wide-bandgap semiconductors. Next, according to their operating frequencies and input power levels, we summarize the rectifying diode devices widely used in the literature, which can be used as a guide manual to select the rectifying diodes properly for designing the rectifying circuits. Then, various rectifying circuits developed at different input power levels in recent years are summarized. Finally, we summarize the methods to model the diodes for more precise design of the RF-to-dc rectifying circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a method for maximizing the beam collection efficiency (BCE) for a microwave power transmission system with multiple receiving targets in the radiative near-field region. The electric and magnetic fields of the transmitting array are calculated via the superposition principle. Through theoretical derivation, the BCE maximization problem is simplified into finding the maximum ratio of two real quadratic forms. Based on the theory of matrices, the optimal BCE and its corresponding excitations of the transmitting array can be determined by finding the largest characteristic value and its associated characteristic vector. In practice, the required power for multiple receiving targets may be different. To meet this requirement, a BCE optimization model is established, considering the constraints of the problem of allocable power for each receiving target. A hybrid grey wolf optimizer and Nelder–Mead simplex method is adopted to address the optimization problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical experiments on focusing the power radiated on two parallel receiving targets are conducted first. Then, two rotating receiving targets are employed to show its universality. Finally, three and four receiving targets are adopted to further evaluate the validity of the proposed method.
{"title":"Optimal design of antenna arrays for microwave power transmission with multiple receiving targets in the radiative near-field","authors":"Kunpeng Liu, Xun Li, Shuo Chen, Longfei Liu, Chunhuai Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a method for maximizing the beam collection efficiency (BCE) for a microwave power transmission system with multiple receiving targets in the radiative near-field region. The electric and magnetic fields of the transmitting array are calculated via the superposition principle. Through theoretical derivation, the BCE maximization problem is simplified into finding the maximum ratio of two real quadratic forms. Based on the theory of matrices, the optimal BCE and its corresponding excitations of the transmitting array can be determined by finding the largest characteristic value and its associated characteristic vector. In practice, the required power for multiple receiving targets may be different. To meet this requirement, a BCE optimization model is established, considering the constraints of the problem of allocable power for each receiving target. A hybrid grey wolf optimizer and Nelder–Mead simplex method is adopted to address the optimization problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical experiments on focusing the power radiated on two parallel receiving targets are conducted first. Then, two rotating receiving targets are employed to show its universality. Finally, three and four receiving targets are adopted to further evaluate the validity of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.003
Weinan Zhang , Chengyue Sun , Ke Liu , Wenhao Shen , YiYong Wu , Liyong Yao , Qi Zhang , Wei Zhang , Li Wang
Space solar power station (SSPS) are important space infrastructure for humans to efficiently utilize solar energy and can effectively reduce the pollution of fossil fuels to the earth’s natural environment. As the energy conversion system of SSPS, solar array is an important unit for the successful service of SSPS. Today, solar arrays represent the standard technology for providing energy for spacecraft, thanks to their high conversion efficiency and reliability/stability in orbit. With the development of solar arrays, many new materials, new photovoltaic devices and new control systems have emerged. Solar arrays are directly exposed to the space environment, and harsh environmental factors can degrade the performance. To ensure the long-term safe in-orbit service of SSPS as well as its ultra-large solar array, these new materials, devices, and control systems must operate certification and evaluation that can be used in space applications. In this review, the development history and research progress of SSPS and the corresponding space solar arrays are summarized and discussed, and the space environmental effects of solar arrays are analyzed at multiple levels (materials, devices, and systems). Finally, in response to the current space environmental effects of the ultra-large solar array used in the SSPS, future development trends and challenges are proposed.
{"title":"Technical challenges of space solar power stations: Ultra-large-scale space solar array systems and space environmental effects","authors":"Weinan Zhang , Chengyue Sun , Ke Liu , Wenhao Shen , YiYong Wu , Liyong Yao , Qi Zhang , Wei Zhang , Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space solar power station (SSPS) are important space infrastructure for humans to efficiently utilize solar energy and can effectively reduce the pollution of fossil fuels to the earth’s natural environment. As the energy conversion system of SSPS, solar array is an important unit for the successful service of SSPS. Today, solar arrays represent the standard technology for providing energy for spacecraft, thanks to their high conversion efficiency and reliability/stability in orbit. With the development of solar arrays, many new materials, new photovoltaic devices and new control systems have emerged. Solar arrays are directly exposed to the space environment, and harsh environmental factors can degrade the performance. To ensure the long-term safe in-orbit service of SSPS as well as its ultra-large solar array, these new materials, devices, and control systems must operate certification and evaluation that can be used in space applications. In this review, the development history and research progress of SSPS and the corresponding space solar arrays are summarized and discussed, and the space environmental effects of solar arrays are analyzed at multiple levels (materials, devices, and systems). Finally, in response to the current space environmental effects of the ultra-large solar array used in the SSPS, future development trends and challenges are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 69-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.002
Qi Zhang, Junyi Lin, Naiying Fan, Yipeng Qie, Bin Su
Space solar power station adopts large-area solar arrays for efficient photovoltaic conversion, making it one of the best solutions to future energy problems. In-orbit failure of solar arrays can affect the service life of spacecraft, thereby it is crucial to comprehend the impact of solar cell failure on the electrical performance of solar arrays and propose appropriate circuit design criteria. The root cause of solar array failure is the degeneration of solar cells. In this paper, power loss caused by an open circuit or short circuit failure of solar cells in pure parallel and series–parallel circuits is described, and it reveals that an open circuit of the cell is more harmful in the pure parallel circuit, while a short circuit in the series–parallel circuit is more detrimental, which causes loss of electrical performance in series and parallel units, respectively. All conclusions have been validated through model calculations and corresponding experiments. The electrical loss is also influenced by the control mode. For the Maximum Power Point Tracking control mode favored by space solar power station, which can significantly increase generated power, application suggestions have been proposed based on the results of cell failure analysis. The research will provide a reference for circuit selection and boundary design for solar arrays, reducing the probability of solar array failure and saving the manufacturing and redeployment costs of space solar power station.
{"title":"Impact of solar cell failure on the performance of solar arrays in space","authors":"Qi Zhang, Junyi Lin, Naiying Fan, Yipeng Qie, Bin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space solar power station adopts large-area solar arrays for efficient photovoltaic conversion, making it one of the best solutions to future energy problems. In-orbit failure of solar arrays can affect the service life of spacecraft, thereby it is crucial to comprehend the impact of solar cell failure on the electrical performance of solar arrays and propose appropriate circuit design criteria. The root cause of solar array failure is the degeneration of solar cells. In this paper, power loss caused by an open circuit or short circuit failure of solar cells in pure parallel and series–parallel circuits is described, and it reveals that an open circuit of the cell is more harmful in the pure parallel circuit, while a short circuit in the series–parallel circuit is more detrimental, which causes loss of electrical performance in series and parallel units, respectively. All conclusions have been validated through model calculations and corresponding experiments. The electrical loss is also influenced by the control mode. For the Maximum Power Point Tracking control mode favored by space solar power station, which can significantly increase generated power, application suggestions have been proposed based on the results of cell failure analysis. The research will provide a reference for circuit selection and boundary design for solar arrays, reducing the probability of solar array failure and saving the manufacturing and redeployment costs of space solar power station.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.05.002
Xin Wang , Huaiqing Zhang , Shiwei Dong , Xinbin Hou , Li Wang , Mingyu Lu
The development of space solar power satellites aims to harvest solar power by artificial satellites over the earth’s geostationary orbit and then deliver the harvested power to the earth wirelessly. The retro-reflective antenna array technique is believed to be a close-to-optimal technical approach to achieve efficient wireless power transmission from a geostationary satellite to the earth, as it is capable of generating a microwave power beam aiming at a ground station on the earth via analyzing a pilot signal broadcasted by the ground station. In this paper, some of our preliminary research outcomes on retro-reflective antenna array for space solar power applications are reported. In the theoretical part of this paper, closed-form formulations with precision better than the classic theory of phased array are derived to analyze the performance of retro-reflective antenna array when the far zone condition is not satisfied between the space solar power satellite and the ground station. In the experimental part of this paper, a bench-scale retro-reflective antenna array with physical dimensions of about 0.6 m by 0.6 m is fabricated and tested. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the microwave beam generated by a satellite-borne retro-reflective antenna array could be adjusted in real time to aim at the location from which the pilot signal stems. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies of this paper, systematic research endeavors are being conducted on the retro-reflective antenna array for space solar power applications.
{"title":"Theoretical and experimental studies of retro-reflective antenna array for microwave power transmission from space solar power satellite to earth","authors":"Xin Wang , Huaiqing Zhang , Shiwei Dong , Xinbin Hou , Li Wang , Mingyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of space solar power satellites aims to harvest solar power by artificial satellites over the earth’s geostationary orbit and then deliver the harvested power to the earth wirelessly. The retro-reflective antenna array technique is believed to be a close-to-optimal technical approach to achieve efficient wireless power transmission from a geostationary satellite to the earth, as it is capable of generating a microwave power beam aiming at a ground station on the earth via analyzing a pilot signal broadcasted by the ground station. In this paper, some of our preliminary research outcomes on retro-reflective antenna array for space solar power applications are reported. In the theoretical part of this paper, closed-form formulations with precision better than the classic theory of phased array are derived to analyze the performance of retro-reflective antenna array when the far zone condition is not satisfied between the space solar power satellite and the ground station. In the experimental part of this paper, a bench-scale retro-reflective antenna array with physical dimensions of about 0.6 m by 0.6 m is fabricated and tested. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the microwave beam generated by a satellite-borne retro-reflective antenna array could be adjusted in real time to aim at the location from which the pilot signal stems. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies of this paper, systematic research endeavors are being conducted on the retro-reflective antenna array for space solar power applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 88-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号