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The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-09-30 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20009

John B. Vincent

引用次数: 0

International Society For Trace Element Research In Humans (ISTERH) Seventh International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, November 7–12, 2004 国际人体微量元素研究学会（ISTERH）第七届国际会议，泰国曼谷，2004年11月7-12日

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-09-30 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20012

引用次数: 0

Maternal and cord blood serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron in healthy pregnant Jordanian women 健康约旦孕妇的母体和脐血血清锌、铜和铁水平

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.10032

S.M. Awadallah, K.H. Abu-Elteen, A.Z. Elkarmi, S.H. Qaraein, N.M. Salem, M.S. Mubarak

Altered plasma levels of zinc, copper, and iron during pregnancy are known to have profound effects on pregnant women and their neonates. The status of these elements is not known in pregnant women in Jordan. During the three trimesters of pregnancy, blood specimens were collected from 186 healthy pregnant women aged 1745 years and from cord blood of 92 of their neonates. The mean neonatal birth weight was 3.34 ± 0.44 kg. Maternal and cord blood serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and hemoglobin concentration was determined by hematology cell counter. The results indicate significantly lower serum zinc levels and higher copper and iron levels in cord blood than in maternal blood. During the three trimesters of pregnancy, the serum levels of zinc and copper significantly decreased and increased, respectively, whereas the levels of serum iron were unchanged. Significant positive correlation was observed only between zinc levels of cord blood and birth weight. During third trimester, the mean serum levels of zinc and iron were significantly lower in anemic pregnant women (group I: Hb less than 11.0 g/ dL, n = 36) than that in nonanemic pregnant women (group II: Hb > or = 11.0 g/dL, n = 56). There was no noticeable difference between group I and group II regarding cord blood parameters on one hand and neonatal birth weight on the other hand. Similar significant positive correlation was observed between serum zinc levels of cord blood and birth weight in both groups. These results indicate that Jordanian women during pregnancy follow a well-balanced and adequate diet regime. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med.

众所周知，怀孕期间血浆锌、铜和铁水平的变化对孕妇及其新生儿有着深远的影响。约旦孕妇体内这些元素的状况尚不清楚。在妊娠的三个月里，从186名17-45岁的健康孕妇和92名新生儿的脐带血中采集了血样。新生儿平均出生体重为3.34±0.44kg。通过原子吸收分光光度法测定母体和脐血血清锌、铜和铁的水平，并通过血液细胞计数器测定血红蛋白浓度。结果表明，脐血中的血清锌水平显著低于母体血液，铜和铁水平较高。在妊娠的三个月里，血清锌和铜水平分别显著降低和升高，而血清铁水平没有变化。脐带血锌水平与出生体重之间只有显著的正相关。在妊娠晚期，贫血孕妇（I组：Hb小于11.0g/dL，n=36）的平均血清锌和铁水平显著低于非贫血孕妇（II组：Hb>；或=111.0g/dL，n=56）。第一组和第二组在脐血参数和新生儿出生体重方面没有显著差异。两组的脐血锌水平与出生体重之间也存在类似的显著正相关。这些结果表明，约旦妇女在怀孕期间遵循均衡和充足的饮食制度。J.Trace Elem。《实验医学》，2004年17月1日至8日。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 50

Compound load of copper and iron in the livers of pretreatment patients with Wilson's disease Wilson病预处理患者肝脏中铜和铁的复合负荷

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.10054

Ai Harashima, Ai Hattori, Hisao Hayashi, Shinya Wakusawa, Atsuhiko Kusakabe, Yoshikazu Fujita, Minoru Tanaka, Motoyoshi Yano, Kentaro Yoshioka

Ceruloplasmin is a major ferroxidase in sera, and people with hypoceruloplasminemia might have iron load complications. We used histochemical and X-ray microanalysis techniques on pretreatment liver specimens from five patients with Wilson's disease. Serum levels of ceruloplasmin and ferritin were determined before chelation therapy. All the patients showed hypoceruloplasminemia ranging from 15 to 160 mg/L. Histo-chemical copper was positively stained in four of the five patients. Copper deposits were clearly observed in the hepatocyte lysosomes of one patient. High serum ferritin levels ranging from 188 to 400 ng/mL were found. Histochemical iron was positive in the livers of two patients. Iron-specific X-rays were positive in the hepatocyte lysosomes of all the patients. These findings suggest that compound load of copper and iron is a fundamental finding in the liver of Wilson's disease with hypoceruloplasminemia. Copper cytotoxicity is a primary target for chelation therapy, and iron load, if hepatotoxic, should be treated by phlebotomy. J. Trace Elem. Exp. 17:65–73, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

铜蓝蛋白是血清中主要的铁氧化酶，低铜蓝蛋白血症患者可能会出现铁负荷并发症。我们使用组织化学和X射线显微分析技术对5例Wilson病患者的预处理肝脏标本进行了分析。螯合治疗前测定血清铜蓝蛋白和铁蛋白水平。所有患者均表现出15～160mg/L的低血细胞浆血症。五名患者中有四名患者的组织化学铜染色呈阳性。在一名患者的肝细胞溶酶体中可以清楚地观察到铜沉积。发现血清铁蛋白水平高，范围为188至400 ng/mL。两名患者的肝脏组织化学铁呈阳性。所有患者肝细胞溶酶体铁特异性X射线均呈阳性。这些发现表明，铜和铁的复合负荷是Wilson病伴低血蛋白血症的肝脏中的一个基本发现。铜的细胞毒性是螯合治疗的主要靶点，如果铁负荷具有肝毒性，则应通过静脉切开术进行治疗。J.Trace Elem。Exp.17:65-732004。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 7

Zinc deficiency and oxidative stress in brain: Magnetic resonance investigations in weanling rats 断奶大鼠脑锌缺乏与氧化应激的磁共振研究

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20007

Rheal A. Towner, Christopher Appleby, Mark Levy, Tammy M. Bray

In humans, zinc deficiency is characterized by a broad spectrum of neurological clinical syndromes. It is known that vesicular zinc-enriched areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, are responsive to zinc deprivation, which may result in learning impairment. Recent findings show that zinc deficiency may cause alterations in neurochemical activity. In this study we used contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor disruptions to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and image-guided MR spectroscopy to follow alterations in brain metabolites as a result of zinc-deficiency and/or hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress. Gadolinium-diethylaminetriaminopentaacetic acid, an extracellular T1 relaxation contrast agent, increases tissue water signal in the brain if the BBB is damaged. A significant increase in postcontrast T1-weighted MR image intensity was observed in the brain of zinc-deficient or hyperoxia-exposed rats, as well as zinc-deficient rats exposed only to hyperoxia when compared with zinc-adequate rats. From single-voxel image-guided MR spectroscopy results, significant decreases in the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate, a neuronal-specific compound, to total choline levels were found when comparing controls (zinc-adequate or zinc pair-fed) with zinc-deficiency or hyperoxia groups alone, and when zinc-deficiency was combined with hyperoxia. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of MR techniques in the ability to monitor the effect of zinc deficiency combined with oxidative stress on BBB permeability as well as detect alterations in brain metabolites. This will further aid in our understanding of the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in zinc deficiency pathology associated with the brain. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:161–174, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

在人类中，锌缺乏症的特征是广泛的神经临床综合征。众所周知，大脑中富含锌的泡状区域，如海马体，对锌缺乏有反应，这可能导致学习障碍。最近的研究结果表明，缺锌可能导致神经化学活性的改变。在这项研究中，我们使用对比增强磁共振成像（MRI）来监测血脑屏障（BBB）的破坏，并使用图像引导磁共振波谱来跟踪锌缺乏和/或高氧诱导的氧化应激导致的大脑代谢产物的变化。二乙胺三氨基五乙酸钆是一种细胞外T1弛豫造影剂，如果血脑屏障受损，它会增加大脑中的组织水信号。与锌充足的大鼠相比，在缺锌或高氧暴露的大鼠以及仅暴露于高氧的缺锌大鼠的大脑中观察到对比后T1加权MR图像强度的显著增加。根据单体素图像引导的MR波谱结果，当将对照组（锌充足或锌对喂养）与单独的缺锌或高氧组进行比较时，以及当缺锌与高氧相结合时，发现N-乙酰天冬氨酸（一种神经元特异性化合物）与总胆碱水平的比率显著降低。这项研究证明了MR技术在监测缺锌和氧化应激对血脑屏障通透性的影响以及检测大脑代谢产物变化方面的敏感性。这将进一步有助于我们理解与大脑相关的锌缺乏病理学可能涉及的细胞和分子机制。J.Trace Elem。Exp.Med.17:161–1742004。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 3

Comparative quantative analysis of zinc, magnesium, and copper content in the scalp hair of healthy people and breast cancer patients 健康人与癌症患者头皮头发中锌、镁、铜含量的比较定量分析

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20006

Eser Kilic, Asuman Demiroglu, Recep Saraymen, Engin Ok

A quantitative elemental analysis of scalp hair of female breast cancer patients (n = 26) and female controls (n = 27) was used to study to find out correlation and possible changes, between breast cancer and healthy controls. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis of the quantitative method was used to determine copper, magnesium, and zinc levels. There were no differences in magnesium concentrations (P > 0.05) in breast cancer patients and healthy subjects. However, comparison of mean elemental contents of the breast cancer patients with controls showed a significant enhancement of copper (P < 0.05) but declining trends for zinc (P < 0.05) in breast cancer patients. The usefulness and significance of element status in cancer patients should be discussed more detailed in the light of the most these recent data. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:175–180, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

对女性癌症患者（n=26）和女性对照（n=27）的头皮毛发进行定量元素分析，以研究癌症与健康对照之间的相关性和可能的变化。原子吸收分光光度计分析的定量方法用于测定铜、镁和锌的含量。在乳腺癌症患者和健康受试者中镁浓度没有差异（P＞0.05）。然而，乳腺癌症患者与对照组的平均元素含量的比较显示，在乳腺癌症患者中铜显著增加（P<；0.05），但锌呈下降趋势（P<！0.05）。元素状态在癌症患者中的作用和意义应根据这些最新数据进行更详细的讨论。J.Trace Elem。Exp.Med.17:175–1802004。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

引用次数: 17

Interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-12 secreted by zinc-induced murine macrophages in vivo and in vitro 锌诱导小鼠巨噬细胞分泌的白细胞介素-1α、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介蛋白-12

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20003

M.D. Lastra, A.E. Aguilar, M.A. Cabañas, R. Hernandez, K. Humanez, R. Pastelin

Oral treatment of zinc modulates cytokine secretion during the gestation, lactation, and weaning periods. We used a experimental mice model of zinc supplementation during the perinatal stages to study the effects of this ion over the production of interleukin IL-1α, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by peritoneal macrophages. In addition, we determined the gene expression of these cytokines. Zinc (500 mg/L) was orally administered to mice from gestation to lactation (6-week treatment, Zn+) and weaning (9-week treatment). The serum cytokines IL-1α and IL-12 were assayed in the offspring at 21 and 42 days after birth. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in cytokine production in the Zn+ animals at the end of the lactation stage. There was a tendency for the IL-1 concentration to decrease at postweaning; nevertheless, IL-12 concentrations were increased in mice at 42 days of age (P < 0.001). The production of IL-1α, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the macrophages supernatants in vitro followed the same tendencies (P < 0.001). Molecular analysis showed an increase of mRNA synthesis in all cases, from 4-fold to 6-fold, in the cytokines analyzed. Our results suggest that the increase in the proinflammatory cytokines as a result of zinc administration may potentiate Th1 cells response, which could lead to the increase of cytokine production in deficient newborns. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:123–135, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

锌的口服治疗可调节妊娠期、哺乳期和断奶期的细胞因子分泌。我们使用围产期补锌的实验小鼠模型来研究这种离子对腹膜巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素IL-1α、IL-12和肿瘤坏死因子α的影响。此外，我们还测定了这些细胞因子的基因表达。小鼠从妊娠期至哺乳期（6周治疗，Zn+）和断奶期（9周治疗）口服锌（500 mg/L）。在出生后21天和42天测定了后代的血清细胞因子IL-1α和IL-12。我们的结果显示，在哺乳期结束时，Zn+动物的细胞因子产生显著增加（P<；0.01）。断奶后IL-1浓度有下降的趋势；然而，在42天大的小鼠中，IL-12浓度增加（P<；0.001）。体外巨噬细胞上清液中IL-1α、IL-12和肿瘤坏死因子α的产生遵循相同的趋势（P<）。分子分析显示，在所有情况下，所分析的细胞因子中的mRNA合成都增加了，从4倍增加到6倍。我们的研究结果表明，锌给药后促炎细胞因子的增加可能会增强Th1细胞的反应，这可能导致缺陷新生儿细胞因子产生的增加。J.Trace Elem。Exp.Med.17:123–1352004。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 1

Green coconut water for intravenous use: Trace and minor element content 静脉注射用绿椰子水：微量元素和微量元素含量

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20010

Georg A. Petroianu, Melita Kosanovic, Ibrahim Saad Shehatta, Bahaa Mahgoub, Ayman Saleh, Wolfgang H. Maleck

Green coconut water (GCW; liquid endosperm) is sterile and has been used in the past in remote locations and/or during armed conflicts as a short-term intravenous hydration fluid. It is also conceivable to use GCW for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) under similar circumstances. Patients on TPN need elemental supplementation. Although data on the major elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus) found in GCW are abundant, very limited information concerning trace and minor element content in GCW is available. The purpose of this study was to determine trace and minor element content in GCW. Major elements were arbitrarily defined as those with a GCW concentration in the mM range, as opposed to minor ones in the μM range and trace elements in the nM range. The values determined show the great variability typical for samples of plant origin. Under TPN conditions, GCW (1,000 mL/day) would be able to provide adequate supplementation of manganese (12 ± 5 μmol/L) and possibly zinc (6 ± 1 μmol/L) but not chromium (not detected, i.e., less than 9 nM/L) and copper (105 ± 100 nM/L). With respect to elements usually considered nonessential or even toxic, GCW compares favorably with commonly used TPN solutions, most notably for aluminium content (740 ± 360 nM/L) and cadmium (7 ± 4 nM/L). The levels of lead (150 ± 67 nmol/L) and barium (600 ± 300 nmol/L) were similar to those typically found in commercial TPN solutions. Those of strontium (8 ± 4 μmol/L) are higher but unlikely to be harmful. In conclusion, although GCW is not completely equivalent to high-tech (and high-cost) TPN solutions with trace element supplements, it still may provide sufficient support of at least some of the trace elements if used as a substitute. The GCW investigated by us is, at least, not toxic. However, our results for several trace elements are much lower than values previously reported in the literature, especially in coconuts from “polluted” areas. GCW from polluted soil might be easily toxic if used intravenously. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:273–282, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

绿椰子水（GCW；液体胚乳）是无菌的，过去曾在偏远地区和/或武装冲突期间用作短期静脉水合液。在类似的情况下，也可以将GCW用于全肠外营养（TPN）。TPN患者需要补充元素。尽管有关GCW中主要元素（钙、镁、钾、钠和磷）的数据丰富，但关于GCW中微量元素和微量元素含量的信息非常有限。本研究的目的是测定GCW中微量元素和微量元素的含量。主要元素被任意定义为GCW浓度在mM范围内的元素，而次要元素在μM范围内，微量元素在nM范围内。所确定的值显示了植物来源样品的典型变异性很大。在TPN条件下，GCW（1000 mL/天）将能够提供足够的锰（12±5μmol/L）和锌（6±1μmol/L）补充，但不能提供铬（未检测到，即低于9 nM/L）和铜（105±100 nM/L）。对于通常被认为是非必需甚至有毒的元素，GCW与常用的TPN溶液相比是有利的，最显著的是铝含量（740±360 nM/L）和镉含量（7±4 nM/L）。铅（150±67nmol/L）和钡（600±300nmol/L。锶的浓度（8±4μmol/L）较高，但不太可能有害。总之，尽管GCW并不完全等同于含有微量元素补充剂的高科技（高成本）TPN解决方案，但如果用作替代品，它仍然可以提供至少一些微量元素的足够支持。我们调查的GCW至少没有毒性。然而，我们对几种微量元素的结果远低于文献中先前报道的值，尤其是在“污染”地区的椰子中。来自污染土壤的GCW如果静脉注射可能很容易有毒。J.Trace Elem。Exp.Med.17:273–282004。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 15

Fluoride: A toxic or therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis? 氟化物：治疗骨质疏松症的毒性或治疗剂？

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.10051

Jan Aaseth, Mona Shimshi, J. Lester Gabrilove, Grethe Støa Birketvedt

This article summarizes recent studies and is a review of the literature on the fluoride compounds and their influence on bone mineral mass. It is well known that fluoride is an important element for mineralization of body tissues. The use of topical and systemic fluoride for oral health has resulted in major reduction in dental caries, but fluoride also plays a role in bone health. Dieticians and other health professionals are advised to recommend adequate use of systemic and topical fluorides, especially in children and adolescents. Population studies as well as earlier studies of individuals exposed to fluorides indicate that doses above 30–40 mg daily can result in fluorosis, characterized by increased fracture risk. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated increased bone mineral density in subjects treated with appropriate doses of fluoride. However, the clinical interpretation of these studies has been a matter of debate. Therapeutically, fluoride seems to be useful when the agent is started in the early stages of osteoporosis, especially in patients with intact trabecular bone. It is well established that fluoride can act as an effective stimulator of bone formation by the osteoblasts. Bisphosphonates, which can also increase bone density, act by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. As a result of this, owing to the tight paracrine association characterizing skeletal metabolism, bone formation is slowed down by the antiresorptive agents. It is of particular interest that great benefit in the treatment of osteoporoses is seen when adequate osteoblast-stimulating doses of fluorides are given in combination with antiresorptive medication, but further research is needed to substantiate this promising concept. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 17:83–92, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

本文综述了近年来有关氟化合物及其对骨矿物质的影响的研究，并对其文献进行了综述。众所周知，氟是人体组织矿化的重要元素。局部和全身氟用于口腔健康已大大减少龋齿，但氟也在骨骼健康中发挥作用。建议营养师和其他健康专业人员建议充分使用全身和局部氟化物，尤其是在儿童和青少年中。人群研究以及早期对接触氟化物的个体的研究表明，每天30–40 mg以上的剂量会导致氟中毒，其特征是骨折风险增加。大量临床研究表明，接受适当剂量氟化物治疗的受试者骨密度增加。然而，这些研究的临床解释一直存在争议。在治疗上，当氟在骨质疏松症的早期阶段开始使用时，尤其是在骨小梁完整的患者中，氟似乎是有用的。众所周知，氟化物可以作为成骨细胞骨形成的有效刺激因子。双膦酸酯也可以增加骨密度，通过抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收发挥作用。因此，由于骨骼代谢的紧密旁分泌结合，抗再吸收剂减缓了骨形成。特别令人感兴趣的是，当给予足够的成骨细胞刺激剂量的氟化物与抗再吸收药物相结合时，在治疗骨质疏松症方面可以看到巨大的益处，但还需要进一步的研究来证实这一有前景的概念。J.Trace Elem。《实验医学》，2004年17月83日至92日。©2004 Wiley-Liss，股份有限公司。

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引用次数: 58

Dietary chromium picolinate: Efficacy and safety † 膳食吡啶甲酸铬：疗效和安全性†

The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine

Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jtra.20008

Vijaya Juturu, James K. Komorowski

引用次数: 2

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