Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy最新文献

Benign mucosal tumors of the bile ducts are extremely uncommon, as most neoplasias in this area represent advanced neoplasias, most commonly cholangiocellular carcinomas. The case of a 78-year-old man with an extensive adenoma at bifurcation has been demonstrated. Evaluation of this lesion was performed with endoscopic retrograde cholangopancreatography, cholangioscopy, and intraductal ultrasound. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Enterobius vermicularis is the most common helminthic infection in Western Europe and in the US. Here the author describes a case of an asymptomatic patient with Enterobius infection as an incidental finding at colonoscopy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of massive painless rectal hemorrhage, accounting for 30–50% of cases. Diverticular bleedings are arterial bleedings that mostly result from a rupture of a submucosal artery at the base of the diverticula. In more than 80% of patients, diverticular hemorrhage resolves spontaneously. An active bleeding with identification of the bleeding diverticula is demonstrated. A ruptured small arterery is detected at the base of the diverticula. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Endoscopic therapy is the first-line treatment for patients with common bile duct stones. Removing bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) requires enlarging the papillary opening, either by cutting the biliary sphincter with an endoscopic sphincterotomy or by endoscopic papillary balloon dilation. Dilation has the advantage of sphincter preservation and a lower risk of hemorrhage, but carries an increased risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Although popular in Asia, in the Western world this technique is therefore reserved for patients with a major risk of bleeding or difficult anatomy. Here the technique of balloon dilation of the papillary sphincter is demonstrated in a patient with cholangiosepsis and septic coagulopathy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

The double-duct sign, a simultaneous stenosis of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct, is suggestive of the presence of a pancreatic cancer. Here the configuration by imaging with both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endosonography, in a case with pancreatic head carcinoma is demonstrated. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Peutz-Jeghers (PJ) polyps are often associated with the PJ syndrome (PJS), an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa. However, rarely, solitary PJ polyps (<3) may also occur in patients without PJS. The case of a 62–year-old patient without PJS is presented, with an incidental finding of a solitary Petz-Jeghers polyp in the sigmoid. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.

Serrated lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract can be subclassified as hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas. Serrated adenomas have a potential risk for transformation into colorectal carcinoma. Detection and differentiation of serrated lesions is therefore important. Here the authors show morphology and resection of different serrated lesions and explain differentiation from adenomas. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.