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Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale isolated from commercial Mafriwal cattle in Johor, Malaysia.
Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.S.001
N Nur-Amalina, A M Nur-Sabrina, H A M Muhamad-Ali, A R Mohammad-Sabri, A A Nor-Azlina, N H Basripuzi

Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease in cattle which is mainly caused by Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale. It poses significant economic burdens and threat on livestock industries worldwide. This study aimed to identify Anaplasma spp. infecting the commercial Mafriwal cattle in Johor, Malaysia and investigate their phylogenetic relationship in the population. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the MSP4 gene for A. marginale and the 16s rRNA gene for A. centrale were performed. These assays were conducted on blood samples collected from 242 Mafriwal cattle. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic trees were constructed to analyze the genetic relationships between the Anaplasma spp. The results revealed 57.85% of the sampled population were infected with Anaplasma spp., 21.90% with A. marginale, 9.50% with A. centrale and 26.45% with both A. marginale and A. centrale. BLAST analysis showed 100% similarities between A. marginale sequences from this study and the sequence from a goat in Brazil. Similarly, A. centrale sequences were closely related to strains from tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Panama with 100% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed distinct clades for A. marginale and A. centrale, indicating genetic diversity and specific species differentiation. The findings highlight the endemicity of bovine anaplasmosis in Malaysian cattle populations and potential cross-border transmission routes. Moreover, this study provides the first report of A. centrale prevalence in Malaysia, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance and management efforts. Understanding the genetic diversity and species differentiation of these pathogens is crucial for designing effective control strategies and vaccine development. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the prevalence and genetic dynamics of bovine anaplasmosis among Mafriwal cattle in its largest population in Malaysia for better diagnosis and effective control measures.

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引用次数: 0
Association of total and dengue-specific IgE levels in the sera with dengue virus inhibition and antibody-dependent enhancement.
Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.4.009
D S Annsley, K L Chin, K K Tan, S AbuBakar, N Zainal

Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses a significant global health challenge. Effective vaccines and treatments for dengue are lacking due to gaps in understanding its pathogenesis and mechanisms in severe cases. This study investigates the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in dengue, focusing on its potential association with virus neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV replication. Serum samples were obtained from dengue-positive (dengue-IgG positive), SLE (dengue-IgG negative), and control (dengue-IgG and SLE-negative) individuals. SLE sera were included as a control for their high total IgE levels. Total IgE and dengue-specific IgE levels were measured using ELISA. Neutralization assays in Vero and KU812 cells were conducted to assess virus neutralization and ADE, respectively. Dengue-positive and SLE sera showed higher total IgE levels than control sera, although there was no significance seen. Dengue-positive sera showed the presence of dengue-specific IgE, whereas SLE and control sera exhibited negligible levels. Neutralization assay in dengue-positive sera revealed no correlation between IgE levels and virus inhibition. SLE sera, however, demonstrated an inverse correlation between total IgE levels and DENV neutralization, suggesting a potential involvement of total IgE in DENV replication in the context of SLE. Seventy-eight percent of SLE sera, 65% of denguepositive and 54% of control sera exhibited enhanced virus replication in KU812 cells with serum compared to virus alone, indicating the highest occurrence of ADE in SLE, followed by dengue-positive and control sera. DENV expression in KU812 cells was notably higher in SLE sera, indicating increased ADE risk. However, no association was found between IgE levels and virus expression in KU812 cells across all groups. The inverse correlation between total IgE levels and DENV neutralization in SLE sera suggests that IgE may facilitate virus replication. Further comprehensive exploration is needed to fully understand the role of IgE in dengue pathogenesis.

{"title":"Association of total and dengue-specific IgE levels in the sera with dengue virus inhibition and antibody-dependent enhancement.","authors":"D S Annsley, K L Chin, K K Tan, S AbuBakar, N Zainal","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.41.4.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses a significant global health challenge. Effective vaccines and treatments for dengue are lacking due to gaps in understanding its pathogenesis and mechanisms in severe cases. This study investigates the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in dengue, focusing on its potential association with virus neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV replication. Serum samples were obtained from dengue-positive (dengue-IgG positive), SLE (dengue-IgG negative), and control (dengue-IgG and SLE-negative) individuals. SLE sera were included as a control for their high total IgE levels. Total IgE and dengue-specific IgE levels were measured using ELISA. Neutralization assays in Vero and KU812 cells were conducted to assess virus neutralization and ADE, respectively. Dengue-positive and SLE sera showed higher total IgE levels than control sera, although there was no significance seen. Dengue-positive sera showed the presence of dengue-specific IgE, whereas SLE and control sera exhibited negligible levels. Neutralization assay in dengue-positive sera revealed no correlation between IgE levels and virus inhibition. SLE sera, however, demonstrated an inverse correlation between total IgE levels and DENV neutralization, suggesting a potential involvement of total IgE in DENV replication in the context of SLE. Seventy-eight percent of SLE sera, 65% of denguepositive and 54% of control sera exhibited enhanced virus replication in KU812 cells with serum compared to virus alone, indicating the highest occurrence of ADE in SLE, followed by dengue-positive and control sera. DENV expression in KU812 cells was notably higher in SLE sera, indicating increased ADE risk. However, no association was found between IgE levels and virus expression in KU812 cells across all groups. The inverse correlation between total IgE levels and DENV neutralization in SLE sera suggests that IgE may facilitate virus replication. Further comprehensive exploration is needed to fully understand the role of IgE in dengue pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"481-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First report of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in goats in Kelantan, Malaysia.
Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.S.004
T L Peng, S N C Yahya, M Mohamed, R H Hamdan, C S Shean, I A Okene, N I M Sani, N F A Mohamad, S A Syazwan, T E Onyiche

Anaplasma species are obligate rickettsial intraerythrocytic pathogens that cause an important tick-borne disease of economic importance in livestock production in many countries. Anaplasma species have been detected from farm animals worldwide, there is a paucity of information on Anaplasma infections in goats from Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the infection rate and identify Anaplasma species and some selected risk factors in goats across selected districts in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 411 blood samples were collected from goats and analysed for Anaplasma species targeting the msp4 gene using conventional PCR and sequencing. The infection risk was determined by breed, age, management system and location. Our results indicate an overall infection rate of 30.9% for Anaplasma species detected. Interestingly, sequencing of selected amplicons revealed the presence of Anaplasma ovis and A. marginale. Data analysis revealed a marked statistically significant association between Anaplasma infection and some variables such as location (district), farm management system, breed, and age (P < 0.05). Specifically, goats raised on intensive management had the highest prevalence of 46.25% (37/80) compared to other management types. Also, with regards to district, goats raised in the coastal region had a higher prevalence of 39.23% (71/181) compared to those raised in inland region 24.35% (56/230). Regarding breed, goats that were of the pure breed had a higher prevalence of Anaplasma species infection 38.19% (97/254) compared to crossbreeds with a prevalence of 19.11% (30/157). Lastly, goats 3 years had the least prevalence 18.99% (34/179). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. marginale and A. ovis in goats from northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. The infected goats were clinically healthy; this revealed the role of goats as a potential reservoir for A. marginale and the presence of A. ovis in goats in Malaysia. Continuous efforts towards tick control must be sustained to ensure high productive yield and reduced disease burden associated with TBPs of goats in the study area.

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引用次数: 0
Pathogenic viruses associated with bats of Malaysia. 与马来西亚蝙蝠有关的致病病毒。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.001
C P Balinu, S Diam, T H Chua

Numerous human diseases, including those caused by viruses like Nipah virus and SARS-CoV, can be traced back to bats as their origin. Malaysia, notably Sabah and Sarawak in Borneo Island, is home to a rich diversity of bats that serve as hosts for various viruses. This comprehensive review represents the inaugural exploration of viruses found in Malaysian bats, as documented in scientific journals. It also encompasses documented instances of bat virus-related disease outbreaks in Malaysia up to the present day, along with an analysis of the risk factors associated with virus spillover events. Furthermore, this review offers insights into prospective research areas of significance and suggests potential mitigation strategies.

许多人类疾病,包括由尼帕病毒(Nipah virus)和严重急性呼吸系统综合症病毒(SARS-CoV)等病毒引起的疾病,都可以追溯到蝙蝠。马来西亚,特别是婆罗洲岛的沙巴州和沙捞越州,是蝙蝠的家园,蝙蝠种类丰富,是各种病毒的宿主。本综述是对科学杂志中记载的马来西亚蝙蝠体内病毒的首次探索。本综述还包括马来西亚迄今为止发生的与蝙蝠病毒有关的疾病暴发事件,以及与病毒外溢事件相关的风险因素分析。此外,本综述还深入探讨了具有重要意义的前瞻性研究领域,并提出了潜在的缓解策略。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of transcriptomics of Fasciola hepatica at different developmental stages. 不同发育阶段肝吸虫转录组学的比较分析
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.009
N Li, W Tian, L Sun, H Yan, S Hasi

This study explored the transcriptome differences in Fasciola hepatica at different developmental stages and identified functional genes related to growth and development during juvenile stages. DNBSEQ eukaryotic strand-specific transcriptome resequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptomes of Fasciola hepatica eggs, juveniles, and adults. Additionally, the genes that were highly expressed during the juvenile stage were validated using qRT-PCR. The Q20 values of all three phases of sequencing were above 98%, and the Q30 values were above 94%. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pairwise comparisons were analyzed by GO functional classification and the KEGG pathway database. Many immune-, growth-, and development-related pathways were found, which might be related to cell proliferation, development, and host immune evasion by Fasciola hepatica. In addition, five DEGs with high expression levels during the juvenile stage were identified: Cathepsin B, Glutathione S-transferase mu, heat shock protein 67B2, Kunitz-CH, and Legumain. Validation analyses revealed that these genes play key roles in maintaining normal growth, development, and immunological processes in liver Fasciola hepatica. RNA-seq was used to analyze the biological characteristics of the DEGs at different developmental stages concerning GO functional classification and KEGG metabolic pathways. Five DEGs with high expression during the juvenile stage were identified. These genes are related to the growth, development, and immune function of Fasciola hepatica, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research on the proteomics of Fasciola hepatica and the screening of candidate genes for early diagnosis.

本研究探讨了肝吸虫在不同发育阶段的转录组差异,并确定了与幼虫期生长和发育相关的功能基因。该研究利用 DNBSEQ 真核链特异性转录组重测序技术对肝脏法氏囊虫卵、幼虫和成虫的转录组进行了测序。此外,还利用 qRT-PCR 验证了幼虫期高表达的基因。三个阶段测序的 Q20 值均在 98% 以上,Q30 值在 94% 以上。通过 GO 功能分类和 KEGG 通路数据库分析了成对比较的差异表达基因(DEGs)。发现了许多与免疫、生长和发育相关的通路,这些通路可能与肝包虫的细胞增殖、发育和宿主免疫逃避有关。此外,还发现了五个在幼虫期表达水平较高的 DEGs:Cathepsin B、谷胱甘肽 S-transferase mu、热休克蛋白 67B2、Kunitz-CH 和 Legumain。验证分析表明,这些基因在维持肝脏法氏囊病菌的正常生长、发育和免疫过程中发挥着关键作用。研究人员利用 RNA-seq 分析了 DEGs 在不同发育阶段的生物学特征,包括 GO 功能分类和 KEGG 代谢通路。结果发现了五个在幼虫期高表达的 DEGs。这些基因与肝包虫的生长、发育和免疫功能有关,为后续肝包虫蛋白质组学研究和早期诊断候选基因的筛选提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Rare occurrence of Blastocystis in sea turtles and insects (cockroaches, houseflies, and crickets) from several states in Peninsular Malaysia. 马来西亚半岛几个州的海龟和昆虫(蟑螂、家蝇和蟋蟀)中罕见地出现了 Blastocystis。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.017
S Muhammad Hafiz, A O Attah, S Mohd Salleh, M U Rusli, M T Farah Haziqah

Blastocystis a single-celled eukaryotic protist, is known to inhabit the intestines of various hosts, including humans, and has been implicated in a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from gastrointestinal issues to skin disorders, thereby establishing its status as an emerging infectious agent. In this study, the prevalence of Blastocystis infection was investigated in insects, including cockroaches, houseflies, and crickets, as well as sea turtles. Additionally, the genotypic characteristics of the isolated Blastocystis strains were examined, and the evolutionary relationships between Blastocystis species found in sea turtles, and animals/humans were determined. Microscopic techniques and molecular methods were utilized in this study. The results showed that four out of 90 insects (4.44%) and one out of 13 sea turtles (7.7%) were infected by Blastocystis. Furthermore, detailed observations revealed the presence of characteristic morphological features, such as vacuolar forms in the cockroach, cricket and sea turtle samples and binary fission from cockroach samples, indicative of Blastocystis' mode of reproduction. While the ST8 of Blastocystis in sea turtles were successfully identified, no subtyping was achieved for the infected insects. This study not only establishes the occurrence of Blastocystis infection in sea turtles but also uncovers its ability to infect insects, suggesting a potential reservoir role for these organisms. Overall, this research emphasizes the significance of comprehending the prevalence, genotypic diversity, and evolutionary relationships of Blastocystis across various hosts. Such insights are instrumental in developing effective control measures and public health interventions to mitigate the associated symptoms and prevent future outbreaks.

布氏囊虫是一种单细胞真核原生动物,已知会栖息在包括人类在内的各种宿主的肠道中,并与从胃肠道问题到皮肤病等多种症状有关,从而确立了其作为一种新兴传染病病原体的地位。本研究调查了蜚蠊、家蝇、蟋蟀等昆虫以及海龟的布氏囊虫感染率。此外,还研究了分离出的 Blastocystis 菌株的基因型特征,并确定了在海龟和动物/人类中发现的 Blastocystis 菌种之间的进化关系。这项研究采用了显微镜技术和分子方法。结果显示,90 只昆虫中有 4 只(4.44%)和 13 只海龟中有 1 只(7.7%)感染了 Blastocystis。此外,详细的观察结果显示,蟑螂、蟋蟀和海龟样本中都出现了特征性的形态特征,如空泡形态,蟑螂样本中出现了二分裂,这表明了 Blastocystis 的繁殖模式。虽然成功鉴定了海龟中布氏囊虫的 ST8,但受感染昆虫的亚型却没有鉴定出来。这项研究不仅确定了海龟感染 Blastocystis 的情况,还发现了 Blastocystis 感染昆虫的能力,这表明这些生物可能扮演着储库的角色。总之,这项研究强调了了解 Blastocystis 在不同宿主中的流行情况、基因型多样性和进化关系的重要性。这些见解有助于制定有效的控制措施和公共卫生干预措施,以减轻相关症状并防止未来疫情爆发。
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引用次数: 0
Bacillus cereus in rice: A review on food poisoning, antimicrobial resistance, and control measures. 大米中的蜡样芽孢杆菌:食物中毒、抗菌药耐药性和控制措施综述。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.010
P Y Woh, C Ng

Rice is often associated with Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) food poisoning. This review aims to explore the food poisoning activity, antimicrobial resistance, and control measures of B. cereus in rice from 1974 to October 2023. We searched for eligible studies from the PubMed database based on explicit criteria following the PRISMA checklist. A total of 117 articles were collected, and the final analysis included 29 studies. Quality appraisal was performed using AMSTAR 2, SANRA 2, and Critical Appraisal Tool standards. B. cereus can grow and multiply in food to cause emetic vomiting or diarrheal syndrome. The primary etiology of B. cereus contamination is improper food handling and storage temperature during the cooking, cooling, and reheating stages of rice. The alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance in B. cereus to beta-lactam antibiotics necessitates alternatives from natural antimicrobial preservatives such as carvacrol, chitosan, or trans-cinnamaldehyde to prevent microbial infestation and toxin production. Implementing food safety strategies tailored to specific food settings, such as restaurants and factorymanufactured ready-to-eat rice, is critical for preventing food contamination by B. cereus. Given the heat-resistant spores and intoxication properties of B. cereus, it is important to develop effective interventions and hygienic protocols from farm to fork.

大米经常与蜡样芽孢杆菌(B. cereus)食物中毒有关。本综述旨在探讨 1974 年至 2023 年 10 月期间大米中蜡样芽孢杆菌的食物中毒活性、抗菌药耐药性和控制措施。我们按照 PRISMA 检查表的明确标准从 PubMed 数据库中搜索符合条件的研究。共收集到 117 篇文章,最终分析包括 29 项研究。质量评估采用 AMSTAR 2、SANRA 2 和 Critical Appraisal Tool 标准进行。蜡样芽孢杆菌可在食物中生长繁殖,引起催吐呕吐或腹泻综合征。造成蜡样芽孢杆菌污染的主要原因是在烹饪、冷却和加热米饭的过程中食品处理和储存温度不当。蜡样芽孢杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素的抗菌性上升令人担忧,因此有必要使用香芹酚、壳聚糖或反式肉桂醛等天然抗菌防腐剂作为替代品,以防止微生物侵染和毒素产生。针对特定的食品环境(如餐馆和工厂生产的即食米饭)实施食品安全战略,对于防止蜡样芽孢杆菌污染食品至关重要。鉴于蜡样芽孢杆菌具有耐热孢子和中毒特性,因此必须制定从农场到餐桌的有效干预措施和卫生规程。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of the carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini: comparison of two coprological methods versus the automatic feces analyzer. 致癌肝吸虫 Opisthorchis viverrini 的检测:两种粪便学方法与自动粪便分析仪的比较。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.005
A Boonsuya, P Arunsan, P Pechdee, N La, C Thanchonnang, N K Rattanapitoon, S K Rattanapitoon

Liver fluke infection, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini, poses a significant public health risk in Thailand, where it is closely associated with cholangiocarcinoma and contributes to substantial mortality in the northeastern region. Diagnosis of this condition employs various parasitological approaches. This research aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of three parasitological techniques: the Kato Katz technique (KKT), the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), and the Fully Automatic Feces Analyzer (FAFA) for O. viverrini identification. A total of 455 fecal specimens were collected from rural areas across five provinces in northeastern Thailand. The specimens were processed according to each method and examined through microscopy for KKT and FECT, and by utilizing an artificial intelligence-based machine for FAFA. Data analysis was conducted to assess parasitic infection rates and observe diagnostic accuracy. The results revealed a parasitic infection rate of 19.34%, with the majority of infections attributed to O. viverrini (18.02%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (0.88%). FECT exhibited the highest positive detection of O. viverrini eggs (16.48%), followed by FAFA (10.55%), and KKT (8.57%), respectively. Statistical analysis indicated sensitivity and specificity values for O. viverrini detection by KKT (100% and 89.21%), FECT (98.67% and 97.63%), and FAFA (97.92% and 91.15%). The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and kappa were reported for FECT (89.16%, 99.73%, 0.92), FAFA (56.63%, 99.73%, 0.67), and KKT (45.78%, 100%, 0.58). Additionally, the preparation time for KKT, FECT, and FAFA was 30, 15, and 10 min, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlights FECT, KKT, and FAFA as comparably sensitive in diagnosing O. viverrini. The FAFA machine emerges as a potentially valuable tool for detecting O. viverrini and other parasitic infections, showcasing promise for clinical use. The findings provide valuable insights into the diagnostic landscape and underscore the potential of FAFA in enhancing efficiency and accuracy in parasitological assessments.

肝吸虫感染,尤其是 Opisthorchis viverrini,对泰国的公共卫生构成了重大威胁,它与胆管癌密切相关,在泰国东北部地区造成大量死亡。对这种疾病的诊断采用了多种寄生虫学方法。本研究旨在比较三种寄生虫学技术的诊断准确性:加藤卡茨技术(KKT)、福尔马林-醋酸乙酯浓缩技术(FECT)和全自动粪便分析仪(FFA)对 O. viverrini 的鉴定。从泰国东北部五个府的农村地区共采集了 455 份粪便标本。根据每种方法对标本进行处理,并通过显微镜对 KKT 和 FECT 进行检查,利用基于人工智能的机器对 FAFA 进行检查。数据分析用于评估寄生虫感染率和观察诊断准确性。结果显示,寄生虫感染率为 19.34%,其中大多数感染是由 O. viverrini(18.02%)引起的,其次是 Strongyloides stercoralis(0.88%)。FECT 对卵囊虫卵的阳性检测率最高(16.48%),其次分别是 FAFA(10.55%)和 KKT(8.57%)。统计分析表明,KKT(100% 和 89.21%)、FECT(98.67% 和 97.63%)和 FAFA(97.92% 和 91.15%)检测到 O. viverrini 的灵敏度和特异性值。据报告,FECT(89.16%、99.73%、0.92)、FAFA(56.63%、99.73%、0.67)和 KKT(45.78%、100%、0.58)的阳性预测值、阴性预测值和 kappa 值都很高。此外,KKT、FECT 和 FAFA 的准备时间分别为 30、15 和 10 分钟。总之,本研究强调了 FECT、KKT 和 FAFA 对诊断 O. viverrini 的灵敏度相当。FAFA机器是检测O. viverrini和其他寄生虫感染的一种有潜在价值的工具,有望用于临床。研究结果为诊断领域提供了宝贵的见解,并强调了 FAFA 在提高寄生虫学评估的效率和准确性方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and ultrastructural surface of Blastocystis isolated from water sources in Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. 从马来西亚吉打州和槟榔屿水源中分离的 Blastocystis 的出现和超微结构表面。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.018
A O Attah, K Y Ong, A Sanggari, I L Lee, N A I I Nik Him, A H Ismail, M T Farah Haziqah

Blastocystis is a ubiquitous waterborne parasite that has been implicated in some disease conditions including colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome, and its surface coat characteristics have been associated with its pathogenicity. Although the morphology of Blastocystis isolates from human and animal sources have been studied, there is a paucity of data on the surface ultrastructure of Blastocystis isolated from water sources. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the occurrence and the ultrastructural surface of Blastocystis isolates from several water sources in Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. A total of 12 water samples were collected, namely, Pinang River and USM Harapan Lake all in Penang, whereas Lata Bayu Waterfall in Baling and UniSHAMS Lake, Kuala Ketil in Kedah. These were examined for Blastocystis by centrifugation and in vitro cultivation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy were employed to study the morphological characteristics and the surface ultrastructure of the parasite. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to obtain the subtypes (ST) of the positive Blastocystis isolates. The result revealed 25.0% (3/12) contamination with Blastocystis in which ST1, ST2, and an unknown ST (with a high similarity to ST1) were detected in water samples from the upstream, downstream, and midstream, respectively of Pinang River. Our study also revealed similarities in the sizes of the isolates from different river points, which were notably more diminutive compared to the sizes of the parasites observed in existing data from human and animal isolates. The surface characteristics showed a collection of single and dividing cells with smooth, folded surfaces enclosed in a film-like layer. Additionally, there were roundish, irregularly shaped cells with rough surfaces, and a woolly appearance. This study has added to our knowledge of the surface ultrastructure of Blastocystis and its possible contribution to the pathogenicity of the parasite.

布氏囊虫是一种无处不在的水传播寄生虫,与一些疾病(包括结肠直肠癌和肠易激综合征)有关,其表面包膜特征与其致病性有关。虽然已经对从人类和动物来源中分离出的布氏囊虫的形态进行了研究,但有关从水源中分离出的布氏囊虫表面超微结构的数据却很少。因此,本研究旨在确定从马来西亚吉打州和槟榔屿的几个水源中分离出的 Blastocystis 的发生率和表面超微结构。本研究共收集了 12 份水源样本,分别是槟城的槟榔屿河和 USM Harapan 湖、巴陵的拉塔巴尤瀑布和吉打州的瓜拉凯迪尔 UniSHAMS 湖。通过离心分离和体外培养的方法,对这些水体进行了Blastocystis检测。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜用于研究寄生虫的形态特征和表面超微结构。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)被用来获得阳性布拉氏囊虫分离物的亚型(ST)。结果显示,在彬南河上游、下游和中游的水样中分别检测到了 25.0%(3/12)的囊泡虫污染,其中 ST1、ST2 和未知 ST(与 ST1 相似度很高)。我们的研究还发现,不同河点分离出的寄生虫大小相似,与现有的人类和动物分离数据中观察到的寄生虫大小相比,明显更小。表面特征显示,寄生虫由单细胞和分裂细胞组成,表面光滑、褶皱,被一层薄膜包裹。此外,还有表面粗糙、形状不规则的圆形细胞,外观呈羊毛状。这项研究增加了我们对布氏囊虫表面超微结构的了解,以及它对寄生虫致病性的可能贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Vector-borne diseases in Cyprus: A detailed review of the literature. 塞浦路斯的病媒传染病:对文献的详细审查。
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.014
A Seyer-Cagatan, E Ruh, A Taylan-Ozkan

Vector-borne diseases have been a growing health concern in recent decades due to the global warming, globalization, and increased international travel. With the typical Mediterranean climate and geographical features, Cyprus provides favorable conditions for the growth and survival of arthropod species. For the purpose of this review article, the terms "Cyprus", "vectors" and "vectorborne diseases" were searched in the National Library of Medicine ('PubMed') and the Google Scholar databases. Published articles in the literature have documented mosquito (including Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Culiseta), sandfly (Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia), flea (including Ctenocephalides, Xenopsylla, Leptopsylla), and tick (including Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis) species in the island. The presence of these arthropods poses a risk to public health as they can transmit a variety of diseases to both humans and animals. Research studies in Cyprus have identified infectious agents such as West Nile virus, Leishmania spp., sandfly viruses, Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Bartonella spp. in the local arthropods. More importantly, West Nile virus infection and imported malaria cases (mosquitoborne diseases); leishmaniasis and sandfly fever (sandfly-borne diseases); rickettsiosis, tularemia, Q fever, anaplasmosis, tick-borne relapsing fever, and Lyme disease (tick-borne diseases); and flea-borne rickettsiosis were reported in Cyprus. Taken together with the presence of arthropod vectors, published evidence in the literature suggests that Cyprus is an important region for VBDs. In addition to its climatic and geographical conditions, international travels particularly from endemic countries pose a risk for the circulation of VBDs on the island. Therefore, vector control programs should be continuously implemented, and public awareness must be raised in the region. This review, which to the best of our knowledge is the first comprehensive report on VBDs from Cyprus, will provide insight into future islandwide studies and also will be an important contribution to the elimination of VBDs in the region.

近几十年来,由于全球变暖、全球化和国际旅行的增加,病媒传染的疾病已成为一个日益严重的健康问题。塞浦路斯具有典型的地中海气候和地理特征,为节肢动物物种的生长和生存提供了有利条件。为撰写这篇综述文章,我们在美国国家医学图书馆('PubMed')和谷歌学术数据库中搜索了 "塞浦路斯"、"病媒 "和 "病媒传播疾病 "等词。文献中已发表的文章记录了岛上的蚊子(包括按蚊、伊蚊、库蚊和库利斯达蚊)、沙蝇(Phlebotomus、Sergentomyia)、跳蚤(包括栉头蚤、蚤蚤、蜱)和蜱(包括Rhipicephalus、Ixodes、Hyalomma、Haemaphysalis)物种。这些节肢动物的存在对公共健康构成威胁,因为它们可向人类和动物传播各种疾病。塞浦路斯的研究已在当地节肢动物中发现了西尼罗河病毒、利什曼原虫属、沙蝇病毒、立克次体属、烧伤科克西氏菌和巴顿氏菌等传染性病原体。更重要的是,塞浦路斯报告了西尼罗河病毒感染和输入性疟疾病例(蚊媒疾病);利什曼病和沙蝇热(沙蝇媒疾病);立克次体病、土拉菌病、Q 热、无形体病、蜱媒复发热和莱姆病(蜱媒疾病);以及蚤媒立克次体病。结合节肢动物病媒的存在,文献中公布的证据表明塞浦路斯是一个重要的虫媒生物疾病地区。除气候和地理条件外,国际旅行(尤其是来自流行国家的旅行)也为膀胱阴道畸形病在岛上的传播带来了风险。因此,应持续实施病媒控制计划,并提高该地区的公众意识。据我们所知,本综述是第一份关于塞浦路斯膀胱阴道畸形病的全面报告,它将为未来的全岛研究提供深入见解,同时也将为该地区消除膀胱阴道畸形病做出重要贡献。
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Tropical biomedicine
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