Revista medica de Chile最新文献

We report a 45-year-old woman with persistent post-parathyroidectomy PTH-dependent asymptomatic hypercalcemia who, after evaluation in our bone clinic, was diagnosed as having familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia based on concomitant hypocalciuria and a family history of asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Genetic study shows a variant of uncertain significance in the CASR gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a Chilean family with HHF.

This article analyzes the experiences of military physician and chaplains who participates in Peru and Bolivia's campaign during the War of the Pacific (1879-1884). From their point of view, they presented an alternative narrative away from authorities, where they described the activities, they carried out, as well the difficulties and material shortages to achieve the troop´s needs. In physician and chaplains personal documents (diaries and letters), the war phenomenon is reconstructed on a human scale, crossing their stories, recovering his work, reflections and war experiences.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest public health crisis worldwide in recent times.

Aim: to describe the pediatric epidemiological curve in Chile during 2020 and 2021 and compare it with the global curve.

Methods: descriptive, analytical and prospective study based on data on the evolution of the Chilean epidemic published by the Chilean Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Sciences.

Results: the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in children was 189,769 (8,9) and in adults 1,952,712 (91.1%). The epidemiological curve in children is similar to that in adults with contagion rates proportional to the size of susceptible populations. The ratio of the adult contagion rate to the pediatric contagion rate had an average of 3.3 (CI 2.97 to 3.6). With regard to the distribution by sex we observed a predominance of men in children 0 to 14 years of age and a predominance of women from the age of 15 onwards.

Conclusions: Covid-19 mainly affects the adult population, however the epidemiological curve described in children is very similar to that of adults. Differences by sex are observed depending on the age group.

The Chilean Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (SOCHICAR) is a scientific society whose mission is to improve the nation's cardiovascular health. Its primary goals include discussing issues affecting the specialty and engaging in various activities that support its advancement. To achieve these goals, numerous educational initiatives are undertaken for health professionals, including physicians in cardiology training programs. Training specialists in Chile is the responsibility of the universities, which design the curriculum and plan the program according to the graduate profile. SOCHICAR seeks to integrate these new generations of cardiologists, setting up tasks that contribute to their training. It seemed relevant to us to state our position as a Scientific Society in importants aspects related to this process: the graduate profile of the clinical cardiologist, the necessary competencies for their performance nationally, the identification of deficient areas in their training period, and the Society's contributions to this university-dependent process. A total of 15 cardiologists from SOCHICAR, at different stages of professional development, various geographic areas, and areas of performance and functions, were invited to participate in three working groups. This SOCHICAR position statement may be useful and an important source of information to be considered by authorities, accrediting entities, training centers, and the Chilean Society of Cardiology.

Craniopharyngioma is a tumor of benign histology, although it can cause serious sequelae due to its location and growth in the sellar and suprasellar region. It is characterized by being aggressive due to its ability to invade locally, and by its high recurrence rate. Histologically, two distinct tumors have been acknowledged, which were previously considered subtypes. The adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma is the most frequent in children and is caused by an activating mutation of the CTNNB1 gene, which codes for a mutant form of β-catenin. Whereas, papillary craniopharyngioma develops almost exclusively in adults, and it is associated with mutations in the BRAF oncogene and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The symptoms of both of these tumor types are secondary to hormonal deficits, hydrocephalus or visual disturbances. Treatment should be performed in centers with experience in them, achieving a balance between a wide resection and protection of hypothalamic function. Radiotherapy has proven to reduce tumor recurrence, with a current focus on the development of medical treatments based on molecular targets.

Background: Diabesity is defined as the coexistence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), either with or without additional cardiovascular risk factors. Despite its significance, its prevalence has not yet been investigated in Chile. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of prediabesity and diabesity in Chilean adults.

Material and method: 4,985 participants older than 18 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Nutritional status was determined through the body-mass index while T2D was determined through fasting glycemia ≥126 mg / dL or self-reported medical status. Using these two variables, six phenotypes were defined: normal without diabetes, normo-diabetes, overweight without diabetes, prediabesity, obesity without diabetes, and diabesity. The prevalence of these was studied according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

Results: The prevalence of diabesity was 5.7%, 3.6% had prediabesity, and 2.5% were classified as normo-diabetes. Additionally, the prevalence of diabetes was mainly in women, in people with less than 8 years of schooling, and in those with an age of diagnosis of 45-46 years.

Conclusions: 9.3% of the population presented pre or diabesity, with a higher proportion of diabesity cases in women and people with lower education. Considering the projections of obesity and T2DM in Chile, it is urgent to generate actions and strategies since a large proportion of the cases of these diseases can be preventable.

The European-Latin American Consortium towards Eradication of Preventable Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) - EULAT Eradicate CVB is collecting high-quality data and samples in four Latin American countries with a high incidence of GBC: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. The goal is to build a unique biorepository integrated with a customized informatics platform, identify, validate, and functionally characterize novel GBC risk biomarkers, and develop GBC prediction models integrating epidemiological and genetic-molecular risk factors. We decided to develop the electronic data collection application EULAT eCollect to facilitate the retrieval of socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle, nutritional, and sample information from the 15,000 Latin Americans we are enrolling. The EULAT eCollect app reduces the time spent by study participants, limits the use of paper and ink, minimizes the costs and errors associated with completing written forms and their subsequent digitization, and allows close monitoring of local recruitment rates and data quality. We describe in this article the design and implementation of EULAT eCollect, which started with the specification of functional and non-functional requirements and ended with the implementation and subsequent validation of the four application modules: I Socio-demographic interview, II Sample information, III Case report form, and IV Food frequency questionnaire. We present both general and technical results and our experience with the Open Data Kit software, which may be of interest for future research projects, especially those on personalized cancer prevention conducted in low- and middle-income regions.

Syncope is a frequent consult. It's responsible for 1 to 3% of consults to the emergency room in the United States. The cause is generally benign; however, high-risk cases are potentially deadly and must be identified. We present a case report of a 40-year-old female who presents with syncope, Torsade de Pointes, and ventricular fibrillation. The coronary angiography showed no disease of the coronary arteries. The ventriculography, transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance revealed a mid-ventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The ECG showed a prolonged QT interval with an inverted T wave. During the first 48 hours, she presented multiple episodes of non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The patient evolved with diminished QTc interval and regression of the wall motion abnormalities. At the 6-month follow-up the patient was asymptomatic, without new episodes.