首页 > 最新文献

Problemy endokrinologii最新文献

英文 中文
[Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: a case report]. [原发性全身糖皮质激素抵抗:一个病例报告]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.14341/probl13321
I I Larina, N V Makazan, K V Ivashchenko, N M Platonova, E M Orlova, M A Kareva, L S Sozaeva, M Yu Yukina, A N Tulpakov, A S Dukhanin, N L Shimanovskii, E A Troshina

Primary glucocorticoid resistance (OMIM 615962) is a rare endocrinologic condition caused by resistance of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) to glucocorticoids (GR) and characterised by general or partial insensitivity of target organs to GK. Compensatory activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal axis results in development of a various pathological conditions caused by overstimulation of adrenal glands. Clinical spectrum may range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases of mineralocorticoid and/or androgen excess. At present time, primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance has been exclusively associated with defects in the NR3C1 gene. Here, we present a case report of an adolescent patient with clinical presentation of glucocorticoid resistance confirmed by detailed endocrinologic evaluation but no confirmed mutations in the NR3C1 gene.

原发性糖皮质激素抵抗(OMIM 615962)是一种罕见的内分泌疾病,由人类糖皮质激素受体(hGR)对糖皮质激素(GR)的抵抗引起,其特点是靶器官对 GK 全身或部分不敏感。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的代偿性激活导致肾上腺受到过度刺激而出现各种病症。临床表现从无症状到严重的矿质皮质激素和/或雄激素过多。目前,原发性全身糖皮质激素抵抗只与 NR3C1 基因缺陷有关。在此,我们报告了一例临床表现为糖皮质激素抵抗的青少年患者的病例,该患者经详细的内分泌学评估证实患有糖皮质激素抵抗,但未证实NR3C1基因有突变。
{"title":"[Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: a case report].","authors":"I I Larina, N V Makazan, K V Ivashchenko, N M Platonova, E M Orlova, M A Kareva, L S Sozaeva, M Yu Yukina, A N Tulpakov, A S Dukhanin, N L Shimanovskii, E A Troshina","doi":"10.14341/probl13321","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary glucocorticoid resistance (OMIM 615962) is a rare endocrinologic condition caused by resistance of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) to glucocorticoids (GR) and characterised by general or partial insensitivity of target organs to GK. Compensatory activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal axis results in development of a various pathological conditions caused by overstimulation of adrenal glands. Clinical spectrum may range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases of mineralocorticoid and/or androgen excess. At present time, primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance has been exclusively associated with defects in the NR3C1 gene. Here, we present a case report of an adolescent patient with clinical presentation of glucocorticoid resistance confirmed by detailed endocrinologic evaluation but no confirmed mutations in the NR3C1 gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Preclinical diagnostics of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome in a child]. [儿童冯-希佩尔-林道综合征的临床前诊断]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.14341/probl13280
O A Malievskiy, R I Malievskaya, V A Malievskiy, A N Tulpakov

The description of the child aged 5 months with the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome without any manifestations of this syndrome is presented. The reason for the molecular genetic examination was the presence of cases of this syndrome in the family (mother and sister). The heterozygous variant c.355T>C p.F119L was found in the VHL gene. An objective examination revealed no pathology. A comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination aimed at searching for components of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, including a blood test for metanephrines and normetanephrines, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, examination of the fundus, also did not reveal any abnormalities. Given the results of molecular genetic diagnosis, the child remains under observation and will undergo regular examinations to identify components of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, including blood/urine tests for normetanephrines.

本报告描述了一名患有冯-希佩尔-林道综合征(von Hippel-Lindau)的 5 个月大的患儿,该患儿没有任何该综合征的表现。进行分子遗传学检查的原因是其家族(母亲和姐姐)中存在该综合征病例。在 VHL 基因中发现了 c.355T>C p.F119L 杂合子变异。客观检查未发现病变。为了寻找冯-希佩尔-林道综合征的成分,进行了全面的实验室和仪器检查,包括血液中的甲肾上腺素和正常甲肾上腺素检测、腹部器官超声波检查和眼底检查,也没有发现任何异常。鉴于分子遗传学诊断的结果,孩子仍在接受观察,并将定期接受检查,以确定冯-希佩尔-林道综合征的组成部分,包括血液/尿液中的正常胰岛素检测。
{"title":"[Preclinical diagnostics of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome in a child].","authors":"O A Malievskiy, R I Malievskaya, V A Malievskiy, A N Tulpakov","doi":"10.14341/probl13280","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The description of the child aged 5 months with the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome without any manifestations of this syndrome is presented. The reason for the molecular genetic examination was the presence of cases of this syndrome in the family (mother and sister). The heterozygous variant c.355T&gt;C p.F119L was found in the VHL gene. An objective examination revealed no pathology. A comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination aimed at searching for components of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, including a blood test for metanephrines and normetanephrines, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, examination of the fundus, also did not reveal any abnormalities. Given the results of molecular genetic diagnosis, the child remains under observation and will undergo regular examinations to identify components of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, including blood/urine tests for normetanephrines.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"100-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The lacrimal apparatus as an organ at risk during radionuclide therapy]. [泪器是放射性核素治疗过程中的危险器官]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.14341/probl13163
M S Sheremeta, A A Trukhin, V D Yartsev, D V Yudakov, M O Korchagina, S A Gojaeva

Within the framework of the article, the authors analyzed the available information about the damage to the lacrimal apparatus during radionuclide therapy. In focus of article lesions of the lacrimal production system, the main and accessory lacrimal glands, as well as lacrimal drainage are considered. It was found that damage to the lacrimal apparatus is characteristic of 131I therapy for thyroid cancer, as well as for radioligand therapy using anti-PSMA antibodies labeled with 177Lu and 225Ac. 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA may damage the lacrimal gland with the formation of a clinically pronounced "dry eye syndrome". The pathogenesis of such lesions is associated with the accumulation of a radioisotope in the tissues of the lacrimal apparatus, while during therapy with 131I, accumulation is realized due to the expression of the sodium-iodine symporter in the nasolacrimal duct, and during therapy with 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA, the radiobiological effect is realized in connection with the expression PSMA by lacrimal tissue. An analysis of the available sources showed that to date there are no results of systematic studies on the problem, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the individual risks of developing these complications, methods for their prevention that have proven effectiveness have not been developed, and the treatment methods used, having relatively low efficiency, are not specialized. The authors concluded that the strengthening of interdisciplinary interaction, as well as the organization verification methodology and correct studies, can contribute to solving problems related to the study of the complications under consideration.

在这篇文章的框架内,作者分析了有关放射性核素治疗期间泪器损伤的现有信息。文章重点讨论了泪腺分泌系统的病变、主泪腺和附属泪腺以及泪腺引流。研究发现,泪器受损是131I治疗甲状腺癌以及使用177Lu和225Ac标记的抗PSMA抗体进行放射性核素治疗的特征。177Lu-PSMA 和 225Ac-PSMA 可能会损伤泪腺,形成临床上明显的 "干眼综合征"。这种病变的发病机制与泪腺组织中放射性同位素的蓄积有关,在使用 131I 治疗期间,蓄积是由于鼻泪管中钠碘交感器的表达而实现的,而在使用 177Lu-PSMA 和 225Ac-PSMA 治疗期间,放射生物学效应的实现与泪腺组织中 PSMA 的表达有关。对现有资料的分析表明,迄今为止还没有关于这一问题的系统性研究结果,缺乏关于发生这些并发症的个人风险的知识,尚未开发出经证实有效的预防方法,而且所使用的治疗方法效率相对较低,也不专业。作者总结说,加强学科间的互动,以及组织验证方法和正确的研究,有助于解决与研究并发症有关的问题。
{"title":"[The lacrimal apparatus as an organ at risk during radionuclide therapy].","authors":"M S Sheremeta, A A Trukhin, V D Yartsev, D V Yudakov, M O Korchagina, S A Gojaeva","doi":"10.14341/probl13163","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the framework of the article, the authors analyzed the available information about the damage to the lacrimal apparatus during radionuclide therapy. In focus of article lesions of the lacrimal production system, the main and accessory lacrimal glands, as well as lacrimal drainage are considered. It was found that damage to the lacrimal apparatus is characteristic of 131I therapy for thyroid cancer, as well as for radioligand therapy using anti-PSMA antibodies labeled with 177Lu and 225Ac. 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA may damage the lacrimal gland with the formation of a clinically pronounced \"dry eye syndrome\". The pathogenesis of such lesions is associated with the accumulation of a radioisotope in the tissues of the lacrimal apparatus, while during therapy with 131I, accumulation is realized due to the expression of the sodium-iodine symporter in the nasolacrimal duct, and during therapy with 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA, the radiobiological effect is realized in connection with the expression PSMA by lacrimal tissue. An analysis of the available sources showed that to date there are no results of systematic studies on the problem, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the individual risks of developing these complications, methods for their prevention that have proven effectiveness have not been developed, and the treatment methods used, having relatively low efficiency, are not specialized. The authors concluded that the strengthening of interdisciplinary interaction, as well as the organization verification methodology and correct studies, can contribute to solving problems related to the study of the complications under consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Machine learning methods in differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism]. [机器学习方法在 ACTH 依赖性皮质醇增多症鉴别诊断中的应用]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.14341/probl13342
O O Golounina, Zh E Belaya, K A Voronov, A G Solodovnikov, L Ya Rozhinskaya, G A Melnichenko, N G Mokrysheva, I I Dedov

Aim: To develop a noninvasive method of differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of an optimal algorithm for predicting the probability of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) obtained using machine learning methods based on the analysis of clinical data.

Materials and methods: As part of a single-center, one-stage, cohort study, a retrospective prediction of the probability of EAS among patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism was carried out. Patients were randomly stratified into 2 samples: training (80%) and test (20%). Eleven machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, elastic network (GLMNET), Support Vector machine (SVM Radial), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), Naive Bayes, binary decision tree (CART), C5.0 decision tree algorithms, Bagged CART, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting (Stochastic Gradient Boosting, GBM).

Results: The study included 223 patients (163 women, 60 men) with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, of which 175 patients with Cushing's disease (CD), 48 - with EAS. As a result of preliminary data processing and selection of the most informative signs, the final variables for the classification and prediction of EAS were selected: ACTH level at 08:00 hours, potassium level (the minimum value of potassium in the active stage of the disease), 24-h urinary free cortisol, late-night serum cortisol, late-night salivary cortisol, the largest size of pituitary adenoma according to MRI of the brain. The best predictive ability in a training sample of all trained machine learning models for all three final metrics (ROC-AUC (0.867), sensitivity (90%), specificity (56.4%)) demonstrated a model of gradient boosting (Generalized Boosted Modeling, GBM). In the test sample, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the model in predicting EAS were 0.920; 77.8% and 97.1%, respectively.

Conclusion: The prognostic model based on machine learning methods makes it possible to differentiate patients with EAS and CD based on basic clinical results and can be used as a primary screening of patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism.

目的:开发一种无创的ACTH依赖性皮质醇增多症鉴别诊断方法,并评估基于临床数据分析的机器学习方法预测异位ACTH综合征(EAS)概率的最佳算法的有效性:作为单中心、单阶段队列研究的一部分,对ACTH依赖性皮质醇增多症患者的EAS概率进行了回顾性预测。患者被随机分为两个样本:训练样本(80%)和测试样本(20%)。11 种机器学习算法被用于开发预测模型:线性判别分析、逻辑回归、弹性网络(GLMNET)、支持向量机(SVM Radial)、k-近邻(kNN)、Naive Bayes、二元决策树(CART)、C5.0决策树算法、袋装CART、随机森林、梯度提升(随机梯度提升,GBM):研究对象包括 223 名 ACTH 依赖性皮质醇增多症患者(163 名女性,60 名男性),其中 175 名患者患有库欣病(CD),48 名患者患有 EAS。经过初步数据处理和选择最有参考价值的体征,最终选定了用于 EAS 分类和预测的变量:08:00 时的促肾上腺皮质激素水平、血钾水平(疾病活动期血钾的最低值)、24 小时尿游离皮质醇、深夜血清皮质醇、深夜唾液皮质醇、脑部核磁共振成像显示的最大垂体腺瘤。在训练样本中,所有经过训练的机器学习模型对所有三个最终指标(ROC-AUC(0.867)、灵敏度(90%)、特异性(56.4%))的预测能力最佳的是梯度提升模型(广义提升模型,GBM)。在测试样本中,该模型预测 EAS 的 AUC、灵敏度和特异性分别为 0.920、77.8% 和 97.1%:基于机器学习方法的预后模型可以根据基本临床结果区分 EAS 和 CD 患者,可用作 ACTH 依赖性皮质醇增多症患者的初筛。
{"title":"[Machine learning methods in differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism].","authors":"O O Golounina, Zh E Belaya, K A Voronov, A G Solodovnikov, L Ya Rozhinskaya, G A Melnichenko, N G Mokrysheva, I I Dedov","doi":"10.14341/probl13342","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a noninvasive method of differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of an optimal algorithm for predicting the probability of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) obtained using machine learning methods based on the analysis of clinical data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>As part of a single-center, one-stage, cohort study, a retrospective prediction of the probability of EAS among patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism was carried out. Patients were randomly stratified into 2 samples: training (80%) and test (20%). Eleven machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models: Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, elastic network (GLMNET), Support Vector machine (SVM Radial), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), Naive Bayes, binary decision tree (CART), C5.0 decision tree algorithms, Bagged CART, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting (Stochastic Gradient Boosting, GBM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 223 patients (163 women, 60 men) with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, of which 175 patients with Cushing's disease (CD), 48 - with EAS. As a result of preliminary data processing and selection of the most informative signs, the final variables for the classification and prediction of EAS were selected: ACTH level at 08:00 hours, potassium level (the minimum value of potassium in the active stage of the disease), 24-h urinary free cortisol, late-night serum cortisol, late-night salivary cortisol, the largest size of pituitary adenoma according to MRI of the brain. The best predictive ability in a training sample of all trained machine learning models for all three final metrics (ROC-AUC (0.867), sensitivity (90%), specificity (56.4%)) demonstrated a model of gradient boosting (Generalized Boosted Modeling, GBM). In the test sample, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the model in predicting EAS were 0.920; 77.8% and 97.1%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognostic model based on machine learning methods makes it possible to differentiate patients with EAS and CD based on basic clinical results and can be used as a primary screening of patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Growth hormone - 30 years of clinical practice: past, present, future]. [生长激素--30 年的临床实践:过去、现在和未来]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.14341/probl13432
I I Dedov, O B Bezlepkina, M S Pankratova, E V Nagaeva, E N Raykina, V A Peterkova

The recombinant technologies era, which began in the second half of the XX century, made it possible to produce recombinant growth hormone (rGH) necessary for the treatment of stunting of various genesis. The time of practically unlimited possibilities of rGH production has come, which served as a stimulus for studying the efficacy and safety of rGH application, searching for optimal ways of its use and dosing regimes. Many years of experience in the use of somatropin in clinical practice allowed us to obtain data on its effectiveness primarily in somatotropic insufficiency in children, to study its effect on the functional state of various organs and systems, and to expand the indications for the use of RGR.

二十世纪下半叶开始的重组技术时代,使生产治疗各种发育迟缓所需的重组生长激素(rGH)成为可能。重组生长激素生产几乎无限可能的时代已经到来,这激励着人们研究重组生长激素应用的有效性和安全性,寻找最佳的使用方法和剂量方案。多年来在临床实践中使用促生长素的经验使我们获得了主要用于儿童促生长素不足的有效性数据,研究了它对各种器官和系统功能状态的影响,并扩大了促生长素的使用适应症。
{"title":"[Growth hormone - 30 years of clinical practice: past, present, future].","authors":"I I Dedov, O B Bezlepkina, M S Pankratova, E V Nagaeva, E N Raykina, V A Peterkova","doi":"10.14341/probl13432","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recombinant technologies era, which began in the second half of the XX century, made it possible to produce recombinant growth hormone (rGH) necessary for the treatment of stunting of various genesis. The time of practically unlimited possibilities of rGH production has come, which served as a stimulus for studying the efficacy and safety of rGH application, searching for optimal ways of its use and dosing regimes. Many years of experience in the use of somatropin in clinical practice allowed us to obtain data on its effectiveness primarily in somatotropic insufficiency in children, to study its effect on the functional state of various organs and systems, and to expand the indications for the use of RGR.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Ectopic acromegaly due to bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: the first description in Russia of three clinical cases]. [支气管神经内分泌肿瘤引起的异位肢端肥大症:俄罗斯首次描述的三个临床病例]。
Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.14341/probl13346
E O Mamedova, E G Przhiyalkovskaya, S A Buryakina, E V Bondarenko, A M Lapshina, M Yu Pikunov, Zh E Belaya, G A Melnichenko

 Acromegaly is a neuroendocrine disorder caused by excessive production of growth hormone (GH). In the majority of cases the cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor producing GH. Cases of ectopic acromegaly are much rarer. Ectopic acromegaly occurs in cases of tumors which produce growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or extrapituitary tumors which produce GH. The main sources of excessive GHRH production are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung or pancreas. Treatment of ectopic acromegaly consists of surgical removal of the source of GHRH hyperproduction and in cases where surgery is not an option, somatostatin analogues, pegvisomant, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation therapy are used.In this article three cases of ectopic acromegaly due to GHRH-producing lung NETs are presented, each of them being notable for a number of features. In the first two cases, clinical symptoms were mild, besides in the second case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by primary hyperparathyroidism. In the third case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by pituitary macroadenoma, and after surgical removal of the lung NET remission of acromegaly was not achieved. In all three cases, lung NETs were detected incidentally on radiologic chest screening for other conditions.

肢端肥大症是一种由生长激素(GH)分泌过多引起的神经内分泌疾病。在大多数情况下,肢端肥大症的病因是产生生长激素的垂体瘤。异位性肢端肥大症则更为罕见。异位性肢端肥大症发生于产生生长激素释放激素(GHRH)的肿瘤或产生 GH 的垂体外肿瘤。GHRH分泌过多的主要来源是肺部或胰腺的神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)。异位肢端肥大症的治疗包括手术切除 GHRH 过度分泌的来源,如果无法选择手术,则使用体生长激素类似物、培维索胺、化疗、免疫疗法或放射疗法。前两个病例的临床症状轻微,第二个病例的异位肢端肥大症伴有原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。在第三个病例中,异位肢端肥大症伴有垂体大腺瘤,手术切除肺NET后,肢端肥大症仍未缓解。在这三个病例中,肺 NET 都是在其他疾病的胸部放射检查中偶然发现的。
{"title":"[Ectopic acromegaly due to bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: the first description in Russia of three clinical cases].","authors":"E O Mamedova, E G Przhiyalkovskaya, S A Buryakina, E V Bondarenko, A M Lapshina, M Yu Pikunov, Zh E Belaya, G A Melnichenko","doi":"10.14341/probl13346","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> Acromegaly is a neuroendocrine disorder caused by excessive production of growth hormone (GH). In the majority of cases the cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor producing GH. Cases of ectopic acromegaly are much rarer. Ectopic acromegaly occurs in cases of tumors which produce growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or extrapituitary tumors which produce GH. The main sources of excessive GHRH production are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung or pancreas. Treatment of ectopic acromegaly consists of surgical removal of the source of GHRH hyperproduction and in cases where surgery is not an option, somatostatin analogues, pegvisomant, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation therapy are used.In this article three cases of ectopic acromegaly due to GHRH-producing lung NETs are presented, each of them being notable for a number of features. In the first two cases, clinical symptoms were mild, besides in the second case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by primary hyperparathyroidism. In the third case ectopic acromegaly was accompanied by pituitary macroadenoma, and after surgical removal of the lung NET remission of acromegaly was not achieved. In all three cases, lung NETs were detected incidentally on radiologic chest screening for other conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"66-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Endocrine and psychosomatic disorders in patients with amenorrhea]. [闭经患者的内分泌和心身疾病]。
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.14341/probl13366
Yu S Absatarova, E N Andreeva, Yu S Evseeva, T A Zelenkova-Zakharchuk, E V Sheremetyeva, O R Grigoryan, R K Mikheev

The article presents data on the relationship of pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of menstrual disorders of functional and organic origin in connection with mental disturbances from the point of view of the psychosomatic concept. According to the latter, functional disorders of the menstrual cycle are considered as psychosomatic, in which gynecological pathology develops as a result of psychopathological illness. A striking example of such a disorder is functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. At the same time, endocrinopathies, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency, can also be considered in the paradigm of psychosomatic illnesses of ovarian function due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in this cohort of patients. This review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between a gynecologist and a psychiatrist for the most effective reproductive rehabilitation of patients with amenorrhea. Literature search was carried out in national (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English. The priority was free access to the full text of articles. The choice of sources was prioritized for the period from 2018 to 2023.However, taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the chosen topic, the choice of sources dates back to 1985.

文章从心身医学概念的角度,介绍了功能性和器质性月经失调的发病机制与精神障碍之间的关系。根据后者,月经周期功能性紊乱被认为是心身疾病,其中妇科病变是心理疾病的结果。下丘脑功能性闭经就是这种疾病的一个突出例子。同时,多囊卵巢综合症和卵巢早衰等内分泌疾病也可被视为卵巢功能的心身疾病,因为这类患者中焦虑和抑郁障碍的发病率很高。这篇综述强调了妇科医生和精神科医生之间跨学科合作的重要性,以便对闭经患者进行最有效的生殖康复治疗。我们在国内(电子图书馆、CyberLeninka.ru)和国际(PubMed、Cochrane Library)数据库中进行了俄语和英语文献检索。优先考虑免费查阅文章全文。但考虑到对所选主题的了解不足,选择的资料来源可追溯到 1985 年。
{"title":"[Endocrine and psychosomatic disorders in patients with amenorrhea].","authors":"Yu S Absatarova, E N Andreeva, Yu S Evseeva, T A Zelenkova-Zakharchuk, E V Sheremetyeva, O R Grigoryan, R K Mikheev","doi":"10.14341/probl13366","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents data on the relationship of pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of menstrual disorders of functional and organic origin in connection with mental disturbances from the point of view of the psychosomatic concept. According to the latter, functional disorders of the menstrual cycle are considered as psychosomatic, in which gynecological pathology develops as a result of psychopathological illness. A striking example of such a disorder is functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. At the same time, endocrinopathies, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency, can also be considered in the paradigm of psychosomatic illnesses of ovarian function due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in this cohort of patients. This review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between a gynecologist and a psychiatrist for the most effective reproductive rehabilitation of patients with amenorrhea. Literature search was carried out in national (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English. The priority was free access to the full text of articles. The choice of sources was prioritized for the period from 2018 to 2023.However, taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the chosen topic, the choice of sources dates back to 1985.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy, a retrospective analysis]. [2 型胺碘酮诱发的甲状腺毒症:糖皮质激素疗法的疗效,回顾性分析]。
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.14341/probl13267
A S Ermolaeva, V V Fadeev

Background: Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis remains a significant problem of endocrinology and cardiology. Due to the increase a life expectancy of the population, the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and prescribing of amiodarone are increasing. Thyrotoxicosis aggravates the existing cardiovascular disease in patients, leads to the progression of left ventricular dysfunction, relapses of arrhythmias, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. The tactic of further management of patients is complicated: it is necessary to resolve the issue of canceling or continuing the use of antiarrhythmic drugs necessary for a patient with a history of cardiac arrhythmia, as well as competent therapy of the thyroid pathology that has arisen. Oral glucocorticoids are the first-line drugs for the treatment of patients with moderate and severe type 2  amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Despite the appearance of clinical recommendations, opinions on the management of patients are differ, both among cardiologists and among endocrinologists. Often thyrostatics are prescribed to patients simultaneously with glucocorticoids, although it doesn't have pathogenetic basis.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of various therapy options in patients with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.

Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 38 patients (20 men and 18 women aged 35 to 85 years) with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. All patients underwent an analysis of anamnestic, anthropometric data, complex laboratory and instrumental diagnostics. According to the treatment options, 3 groups were retrospectively formed: without therapy (n=19), taking glucocorticoids (n=11) and combination of glucocorticoids and thyrostatics (n=8). The follow-up period was 6-18 months, including the treatment. The efficacy of treatment in the groups was evaluated by the time of reaching euthyroidism on the background of glucocorticoid therapy and duration of thyrotoxicosis; the search was conducted for potential predictors of delayed response to glucocorticoid therapy and long-term course of thyrotoxicosis.

Results: The average age was 62.0 [52.9; 66.3] years. The level of free thyroxine was significantly decreased after 1 month from the start of therapy in both groups: from 38.1 [32.1; 58.4] to 23.4 [19.6; 29.3] pmol/l (p<0.001) in the group taking glucocorticoids; from 73.9 [42.2; 75.6] to 39.3 [22.4; 47.2] pmol/l (p<0.001) in the combination therapy group. The time of reaching euthyroidism was longer in the combination therapy group (p=0.047), didn't depend on the dose (p=0.338) and duration of taking thiamazole (p=0.911), the delayed response to therapy correlated with age (p=-0.857; p=0.007) and time interval from the appearance of clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis to the start of glucocorticoid therapy (p=0.881; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The result

背景:2 型胺碘酮诱发的甲亢仍然是内分泌学和心脏病学的一个重要问题。由于人口预期寿命的延长,心律失常的发病率和胺碘酮的处方量都在增加。甲亢会加重患者原有的心血管疾病,导致左心室功能障碍恶化、心律失常复发,增加不良后果的风险。进一步管理患者的策略很复杂:必须解决有心律失常病史的患者取消或继续使用必要的抗心律失常药物的问题,以及对已出现的甲状腺病变进行有效治疗的问题。口服糖皮质激素是治疗中度和重度 2 型胺碘酮诱发甲亢患者的一线药物。尽管有临床建议,但心脏病专家和内分泌专家对患者的治疗意见不一。目的:评估各种治疗方案对 2 型胺碘酮诱发甲亢患者的疗效:这项回顾性研究包括38名2型胺碘酮诱发甲亢患者(20名男性和18名女性,年龄在35岁至85岁之间)。所有患者均接受了精神、人体测量数据分析,以及复杂的实验室和仪器诊断。根据治疗方案,回顾性地分为三组:未接受治疗组(19 人)、服用糖皮质激素组(11 人)和糖皮质激素与甲状腺激素联合治疗组(8 人)。包括治疗在内的随访期为 6-18 个月。根据糖皮质激素治疗背景下达到甲状腺功能亢进的时间和甲亢持续时间评估各组的疗效;寻找糖皮质激素治疗延迟反应和甲亢长期病程的潜在预测因素:平均年龄为62.0 [52.9; 66.3]岁。两组患者在开始治疗 1 个月后游离甲状腺素水平均显著下降:服用糖皮质激素组从 38.1 [32.1; 58.4] pmol/l 降至 23.4 [19.6; 29.3] pmol/l(p<0.001);联合治疗组从 73.9 [42.2; 75.6] pmol/l 降至 39.3 [22.4; 47.2] pmol/l(p<0.001)。联合治疗组达到甲状腺功能亢进的时间更长(p=0.047),与剂量(p=0.338)和服用噻马唑的时间(p=0.911)无关,治疗反应延迟与年龄(p=-0.857;p=0.007)和从出现甲亢临床症状到开始糖皮质激素治疗的时间间隔(p=0.881;p<0.001)有关:结果表明,糖皮质激素的反应与患者的年龄和开始治疗的时间有关,与甲亢的持续时间有关。
{"title":"[Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy, a retrospective analysis].","authors":"A S Ermolaeva, V V Fadeev","doi":"10.14341/probl13267","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis remains a significant problem of endocrinology and cardiology. Due to the increase a life expectancy of the population, the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and prescribing of amiodarone are increasing. Thyrotoxicosis aggravates the existing cardiovascular disease in patients, leads to the progression of left ventricular dysfunction, relapses of arrhythmias, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. The tactic of further management of patients is complicated: it is necessary to resolve the issue of canceling or continuing the use of antiarrhythmic drugs necessary for a patient with a history of cardiac arrhythmia, as well as competent therapy of the thyroid pathology that has arisen. Oral glucocorticoids are the first-line drugs for the treatment of patients with moderate and severe type 2  amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Despite the appearance of clinical recommendations, opinions on the management of patients are differ, both among cardiologists and among endocrinologists. Often thyrostatics are prescribed to patients simultaneously with glucocorticoids, although it doesn't have pathogenetic basis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of various therapy options in patients with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The retrospective study included 38 patients (20 men and 18 women aged 35 to 85 years) with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. All patients underwent an analysis of anamnestic, anthropometric data, complex laboratory and instrumental diagnostics. According to the treatment options, 3 groups were retrospectively formed: without therapy (n=19), taking glucocorticoids (n=11) and combination of glucocorticoids and thyrostatics (n=8). The follow-up period was 6-18 months, including the treatment. The efficacy of treatment in the groups was evaluated by the time of reaching euthyroidism on the background of glucocorticoid therapy and duration of thyrotoxicosis; the search was conducted for potential predictors of delayed response to glucocorticoid therapy and long-term course of thyrotoxicosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age was 62.0 [52.9; 66.3] years. The level of free thyroxine was significantly decreased after 1 month from the start of therapy in both groups: from 38.1 [32.1; 58.4] to 23.4 [19.6; 29.3] pmol/l (p&lt;0.001) in the group taking glucocorticoids; from 73.9 [42.2; 75.6] to 39.3 [22.4; 47.2] pmol/l (p&lt;0.001) in the combination therapy group. The time of reaching euthyroidism was longer in the combination therapy group (p=0.047), didn't depend on the dose (p=0.338) and duration of taking thiamazole (p=0.911), the delayed response to therapy correlated with age (p=-0.857; p=0.007) and time interval from the appearance of clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis to the start of glucocorticoid therapy (p=0.881; p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Development of sarcoidosis after successful treatment of Cushing's disease]. [成功治疗库欣病后出现肉样瘤病]。
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.14341/probl13203
P A Zakharova, I A Ilovayskaya, S A Terpigorev, I V Komerdus, A Yu Lugovskaya

Cushing's disease is a rare severe neuroendocrine disorder caused by chronic overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary tumor. Supraphysiological concentrations of cortisol in endogenous hypercortisolism have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect similar to therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids. This may reduce the activity of the patient's concomitant autoimmune inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in cortisol levels during treatment for Cushing's disease may be associated with a reactivation of the immune system that pose a risk of onset or recurrence of an autoimmune disorder. We present our own clinical case demonstrating the development of sarcoidosis after surgical treatment of Cushing's disease.

库欣病是一种罕见的严重神经内分泌疾病,由垂体肿瘤长期过度分泌促肾上腺皮质激素引起。内源性高皮质醇症患者体内皮质醇的生理浓度过高,具有类似于全身糖皮质激素治疗的免疫抑制和抗炎作用。这可能会降低患者并发的自身免疫性炎症疾病的活性。另一方面,在治疗库欣病的过程中,皮质醇水平的降低可能与免疫系统的重新激活有关,从而带来自身免疫性疾病发病或复发的风险。我们介绍了自己的一个临床病例,该病例显示,在对库欣病进行手术治疗后,出现了肉样瘤病。
{"title":"[Development of sarcoidosis after successful treatment of Cushing's disease].","authors":"P A Zakharova, I A Ilovayskaya, S A Terpigorev, I V Komerdus, A Yu Lugovskaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13203","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cushing's disease is a rare severe neuroendocrine disorder caused by chronic overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary tumor. Supraphysiological concentrations of cortisol in endogenous hypercortisolism have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effect similar to therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids. This may reduce the activity of the patient's concomitant autoimmune inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in cortisol levels during treatment for Cushing's disease may be associated with a reactivation of the immune system that pose a risk of onset or recurrence of an autoimmune disorder. We present our own clinical case demonstrating the development of sarcoidosis after surgical treatment of Cushing's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Evolution of insulin therapy: past, present, future]. [胰岛素疗法的演变:过去、现在和未来]。
Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.14341/probl13251
D V Kurkin, D A Bakulin, A I Robertus, Yu A Kolosov, I S Krysanov, E I Morkovin, A V Strygin, J V Gorbunova, I E Makarenko, R V Drai, E V Makarova, E V Pavlova, R А Kudrin, O V Ivanova

2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, an event that forever changed the lives of people with diabetes mellitus. At present patients around the world experience the miracle of insulin therapy every day. A disease that used to kill children and teenagers in 2 years in 1920 has become a disease that can be controlled with a possibility to lead a long productive life. Over the past century, the great discovery of Banting, Best and Collip has forever changed the world and saved millions of lives. This review is devoted to the history of the development of insulin and its further improvement: from the moment of discovery to the present days. Various generations of insulin are considered: from animals to modern ultrashort and basal analogues. The article ends with a brief review of current trends in the development of new delivery methods and the development of new insulin molecules. Over the past century, insulin therapy has come a long way, which has significantly improved the quality of life of our patients. But research is actively continuing, including in the field of alternative methods of insulin delivery, which are more convenient for the patient, as well as in the development of «smart» molecules that will have a glucose-dependent effect.

2021 年是胰岛素发现 100 周年,这一事件永远改变了糖尿病患者的生活。目前,世界各地的患者每天都在体验胰岛素治疗带来的奇迹。这种在 1920 年曾在两年内夺去儿童和青少年生命的疾病,如今已成为一种可以控制的疾病,患者有可能过上长寿的生活。在过去的一个世纪里,班廷、贝斯特和科利普的伟大发现永远地改变了世界,拯救了数百万人的生命。这篇综述专门介绍了胰岛素的发展历史及其进一步改进:从发现到现在。文章探讨了胰岛素的各代产品:从动物胰岛素到现代超短胰岛素和基础胰岛素类似物。文章最后简要回顾了当前新给药方法和新胰岛素分子的发展趋势。在过去的一个世纪中,胰岛素疗法取得了长足的进步,极大地改善了患者的生活质量。但相关研究仍在继续,包括在替代性胰岛素给药方法领域,这对患者来说更加方便,以及在开发具有葡萄糖依赖效应的 "智能 "分子方面。
{"title":"[Evolution of insulin therapy: past, present, future].","authors":"D V Kurkin, D A Bakulin, A I Robertus, Yu A Kolosov, I S Krysanov, E I Morkovin, A V Strygin, J V Gorbunova, I E Makarenko, R V Drai, E V Makarova, E V Pavlova, R А Kudrin, O V Ivanova","doi":"10.14341/probl13251","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, an event that forever changed the lives of people with diabetes mellitus. At present patients around the world experience the miracle of insulin therapy every day. A disease that used to kill children and teenagers in 2 years in 1920 has become a disease that can be controlled with a possibility to lead a long productive life. Over the past century, the great discovery of Banting, Best and Collip has forever changed the world and saved millions of lives. This review is devoted to the history of the development of insulin and its further improvement: from the moment of discovery to the present days. Various generations of insulin are considered: from animals to modern ultrashort and basal analogues. The article ends with a brief review of current trends in the development of new delivery methods and the development of new insulin molecules. Over the past century, insulin therapy has come a long way, which has significantly improved the quality of life of our patients. But research is actively continuing, including in the field of alternative methods of insulin delivery, which are more convenient for the patient, as well as in the development of «smart» molecules that will have a glucose-dependent effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"69 6","pages":"86-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Problemy endokrinologii
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1