The focus of this research is analysis and forecast for Egypt's energy resources of oil and natural gas. Running a risk of an oil shortage in the near term, Egypt's strategic energy policy should shift from oil towards multiple energy sources including natural gas, oil, and alternative energy uses. The approach applied to Egypt's energy resources is based on optimal resource extraction rates (Hartwick's model) whereby dynamic efficient production schedules, conditional on the constraint of sustainable growth rates in consumption, dictate future energy requirements. Detailed strategies for Egypt's energy sector are proposed, accompanied by their expected impacts on the economy: (1) a sustainable production path for oil and natural gas as strategic energy resources until 2025, (2) reduction and ultimate removal of energy subsidies by 2017 with oil subsidy removal by 2010, (3) required investments for energy self-sufficiency estimated at $120 billion over ten years for natural gas and 5.25% annual investment growth for oil through 2020, and (4) timeline adoption of alternative energy sources including solar and nuclear energy to substitute oil with 10% alternative energy use by 2015 and 25% by 2025.
{"title":"On Efficient Utilization of Egypt's Energy Resources: Oil and Natural Gas","authors":"T. Selim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3543039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3543039","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this research is analysis and forecast for Egypt's energy resources of oil and natural gas. Running a risk of an oil shortage in the near term, Egypt's strategic energy policy should shift from oil towards multiple energy sources including natural gas, oil, and alternative energy uses. The approach applied to Egypt's energy resources is based on optimal resource extraction rates (Hartwick's model) whereby dynamic efficient production schedules, conditional on the constraint of sustainable growth rates in consumption, dictate future energy requirements. Detailed strategies for Egypt's energy sector are proposed, accompanied by their expected impacts on the economy: (1) a sustainable production path for oil and natural gas as strategic energy resources until 2025, (2) reduction and ultimate removal of energy subsidies by 2017 with oil subsidy removal by 2010, (3) required investments for energy self-sufficiency estimated at $120 billion over ten years for natural gas and 5.25% annual investment growth for oil through 2020, and (4) timeline adoption of alternative energy sources including solar and nuclear energy to substitute oil with 10% alternative energy use by 2015 and 25% by 2025.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131807041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watershed development in India has gained momentum with a variety of agencies trying approaches to technology, costs and subsidies, and institutional arrangements. The Watershed Development Programme has three important features: Unprecedented devolution of decision-making power backed up by financial allocation directly to the district level and hence to the village organisation level, creation of partnerships between government and non-government organisations, and technical and financial flexibility. The project places special emphasis on improving the economic and social conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the watershed community. This has to be achieved through equitable distribution of benefits from land and water resources and through greater access to income-generating opportunities. With this background the present paper attempts to evaluate two different watershed development programmes in India under different management regimes. Considering both the project implementing agencies (PIA) and their performances this study summarizes that in few cases (total cultivated area, irrigated area and cropping intensity) the Government agency has resulted better than that of the voluntary organisations. as the PIA. But when we consider the participation of the beneficiaries, the voluntary organisations has yielded better result. The evaluation suggests that the WDA will bring sustainable development and will more successful when both the PIAs (Government & the Voluntary organisations) will work together at the village level.
{"title":"Performance of Watershed Development Projects under Different Management Regimes","authors":"S. Sahu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1315763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1315763","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed development in India has gained momentum with a variety of agencies trying approaches to technology, costs and subsidies, and institutional arrangements. The Watershed Development Programme has three important features: Unprecedented devolution of decision-making power backed up by financial allocation directly to the district level and hence to the village organisation level, creation of partnerships between government and non-government organisations, and technical and financial flexibility. The project places special emphasis on improving the economic and social conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the watershed community. This has to be achieved through equitable distribution of benefits from land and water resources and through greater access to income-generating opportunities. With this background the present paper attempts to evaluate two different watershed development programmes in India under different management regimes. Considering both the project implementing agencies (PIA) and their performances this study summarizes that in few cases (total cultivated area, irrigated area and cropping intensity) the Government agency has resulted better than that of the voluntary organisations. as the PIA. But when we consider the participation of the beneficiaries, the voluntary organisations has yielded better result. The evaluation suggests that the WDA will bring sustainable development and will more successful when both the PIAs (Government & the Voluntary organisations) will work together at the village level.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125235942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.5089/9781451865035.001
D. Leigh, Moataz El Said
This paper looks at the fiscal cost and distributional impact of implicit fuel price subsidies in Gabon, where fuel prices have remained largely unchanged since 2002. Using estimated implicit import parity prices, we evaluate the total fiscal cost of the subsidies at 3.2 percent of non-oil GDP in 2005 - more than total public health expenditures. We also analyze the distribution of the subsidies using household survey data and find that the bulk of the subsidies benefit higher-income households. Finally, we suggest use of a number of existing programs to provide a more targeted and cost-effective means of protecting the real incomes of lower-income households from the effects of energy price increases.
{"title":"Fuel Price Subsidies in Gabon: Fiscal Cost and Distributional Impact","authors":"D. Leigh, Moataz El Said","doi":"10.5089/9781451865035.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451865035.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the fiscal cost and distributional impact of implicit fuel price subsidies in Gabon, where fuel prices have remained largely unchanged since 2002. Using estimated implicit import parity prices, we evaluate the total fiscal cost of the subsidies at 3.2 percent of non-oil GDP in 2005 - more than total public health expenditures. We also analyze the distribution of the subsidies using household survey data and find that the bulk of the subsidies benefit higher-income households. Finally, we suggest use of a number of existing programs to provide a more targeted and cost-effective means of protecting the real incomes of lower-income households from the effects of energy price increases.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122790134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report, mandated by the Canadian Minister of Fisheries and Oceans within a broader Atlantic Fisheries Policy Review, examines the criteria for government decision-making when providing access to emerging and established commercial fisheries. The report provides a historical review of fisheries management in Canada; a summary of the messages conveyed to the Panel during its consultations with stakeholders; a description of three specific decisions about access taken in recent years; and an account of progress towards co-management. The authors describe how access to fisheries, including by Aboriginal people, is governed in other jurisdictions. They also outline approaches to access in other agricultural or natural resource industries. Some specific observations are offered on Aboriginal participation in the fishery and on Nunavut. The final two sections of the report set out the Panel’s recommendations concerning access criteria and the decision-making process.
{"title":"Report of the Independent Panel on Access Criteria","authors":"M. Jackman, P. Leblond, G. Munro, David Newhouse","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2305824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2305824","url":null,"abstract":"This report, mandated by the Canadian Minister of Fisheries and Oceans within a broader Atlantic Fisheries Policy Review, examines the criteria for government decision-making when providing access to emerging and established commercial fisheries. The report provides a historical review of fisheries management in Canada; a summary of the messages conveyed to the Panel during its consultations with stakeholders; a description of three specific decisions about access taken in recent years; and an account of progress towards co-management. The authors describe how access to fisheries, including by Aboriginal people, is governed in other jurisdictions. They also outline approaches to access in other agricultural or natural resource industries. Some specific observations are offered on Aboriginal participation in the fishery and on Nunavut. The final two sections of the report set out the Panel’s recommendations concerning access criteria and the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125201373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Kumar, Dr. Kishor Chandra Satpathy, R. K. Bhattacharjya
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is must for suitable development. It provides a guideline for planning and management of environmental related projects, which possess a big challenge to the scientists, engineers, policy and and decision makers. In this paper an effort has been made to describe the need of EIA,when and why it is used, its various components and tools such as EIS, GIS, Scoping and Mitigation etc. The paper outlines structure, model format and methodology for analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment, environmental Quality Management (EQM) & environmental Impact Remedies (EIR). It also highlights the role of public in EIA. Most of the environmental impact can be minimized or even completely avoided by adequate and proper pre-planning through use of EIA. EIA has come to be a permanent part of any decision making for a responsible Government or Industry.
{"title":"Environmental Impact Assessment & Management: Need of the Hour","authors":"U. Kumar, Dr. Kishor Chandra Satpathy, R. K. Bhattacharjya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2981650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2981650","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is must for suitable development. It provides a guideline for planning and management of environmental related projects, which possess a big challenge to the scientists, engineers, policy and and decision makers. In this paper an effort has been made to describe the need of EIA,when and why it is used, its various components and tools such as EIS, GIS, Scoping and Mitigation etc. The paper outlines structure, model format and methodology for analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment, environmental Quality Management (EQM) & environmental Impact Remedies (EIR). It also highlights the role of public in EIA. Most of the environmental impact can be minimized or even completely avoided by adequate and proper pre-planning through use of EIA. EIA has come to be a permanent part of any decision making for a responsible Government or Industry.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the further deepening of the “Belt and Road” initiative known as BRI, China and the BRI countries have made remarkable progress in renewable energy production and trade. In order to systematically evaluate the international competitiveness of renewable energy products of these countries, the current study has built a new multi-dimensional evaluation index to estimate the international competitive edge of renewable energy products exported from these countries, by abandoning the traditional methods for measuring trade competitiveness and adopting the projection pursuit (PP), TOPSIS model and the improved weighting methodology. The results demonstrate that the overall international competitiveness of renewable energy products from the BRI countries is weak, with dramatic differences in different countries in the evolution trends; the factors influencing the international competitiveness in the BRI countries are significantly different and; China's renewable energy products are competitive, and their competitiveness is growing rapidly in the past decade. Finally, this study has put forward corresponding policy implications.
{"title":"Renewable Energy Product Competitiveness: Evidence from China and the Belt and Road Countries","authors":"Jing Shuai, Yujia Zhao, Yilan Wang, Jinhua Cheng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3920296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3920296","url":null,"abstract":"With the further deepening of the “Belt and Road” initiative known as BRI, China and the BRI countries have made remarkable progress in renewable energy production and trade. In order to systematically evaluate the international competitiveness of renewable energy products of these countries, the current study has built a new multi-dimensional evaluation index to estimate the international competitive edge of renewable energy products exported from these countries, by abandoning the traditional methods for measuring trade competitiveness and adopting the projection pursuit (PP), TOPSIS model and the improved weighting methodology. The results demonstrate that the overall international competitiveness of renewable energy products from the BRI countries is weak, with dramatic differences in different countries in the evolution trends; the factors influencing the international competitiveness in the BRI countries are significantly different and; China's renewable energy products are competitive, and their competitiveness is growing rapidly in the past decade. Finally, this study has put forward corresponding policy implications.","PeriodicalId":101533,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Exploitation of Renewable & Non-Renewables Natural Resources & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128690111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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