Voltage magnitude of a distribution system is usually controlled using an on-load tap changer transformer with AVC relay. However, the trend of integrating embedded generation such as wind farms into distribution networks makes it difficult for the AVC relay to maintain voltage magnitude within the statutory limits, particularly if the generator is connected at a long distance from the substation where the relay is located. This paper investigates the use of reactive power injected by a capacitor as a means for assisting the AVC relay for maintaining network voltage magnitude within the required limits. The paper also investigates the effect of the location of such a capacitor on the network voltage profile and network losses.
{"title":"Impact of embedded wind farms on voltage control and losses of distribution networks","authors":"S. Salman, F. Jiang","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826474","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage magnitude of a distribution system is usually controlled using an on-load tap changer transformer with AVC relay. However, the trend of integrating embedded generation such as wind farms into distribution networks makes it difficult for the AVC relay to maintain voltage magnitude within the statutory limits, particularly if the generator is connected at a long distance from the substation where the relay is located. This paper investigates the use of reactive power injected by a capacitor as a means for assisting the AVC relay for maintaining network voltage magnitude within the required limits. The paper also investigates the effect of the location of such a capacitor on the network voltage profile and network losses.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130604694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a robust design method for excitation control of a power system for the typical case where different machines are connected to the common bus terminal. In the design method, we do not need to equalize the generators. We design one controller for each specified generator independently without knowing the parameters of other generators. Thus all the problems caused by the equalization are automatically eliminated. Using only local variables at the transformer ends, we can design the controllers for each generator separately despite the nonlinearities and interconnections among different generators. A two-generator example test system is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed excitation control system. For comparison, simulation between the proposed approach and the equalization approach, and the proposed approach and PSS are given. The results show that the equalization approach is not accurate in analysis of power system transient stability, but the proposed controller can effectively enhance the system transient stability and improve the system damping.
{"title":"Robust nonlinear control for a power system with multiple machines connected to the common bus terminal","authors":"L. Zhang, Y. Wang, G. Guo, D. J. Hill","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826668","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a robust design method for excitation control of a power system for the typical case where different machines are connected to the common bus terminal. In the design method, we do not need to equalize the generators. We design one controller for each specified generator independently without knowing the parameters of other generators. Thus all the problems caused by the equalization are automatically eliminated. Using only local variables at the transformer ends, we can design the controllers for each generator separately despite the nonlinearities and interconnections among different generators. A two-generator example test system is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed excitation control system. For comparison, simulation between the proposed approach and the equalization approach, and the proposed approach and PSS are given. The results show that the equalization approach is not accurate in analysis of power system transient stability, but the proposed controller can effectively enhance the system transient stability and improve the system damping.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the sensitivity of the flicker measurement according to IEC 868 and EN 50160 requirements on the start time at the measurement. Furthermore evaluation methods are introduced to improve the stability of the long term flicker sensitivity factor relative to the start time of the measurement.
{"title":"Improved method for flicker evaluation","authors":"A.M. Dan, G. Dan, S. Ríos","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826603","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the sensitivity of the flicker measurement according to IEC 868 and EN 50160 requirements on the start time at the measurement. Furthermore evaluation methods are introduced to improve the stability of the long term flicker sensitivity factor relative to the start time of the measurement.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126552446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the analysis of the interaction between the damping and other control functions of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) installed in power systems. A case of negative interaction between the UPFC damping control and voltage control of the DC link capacitor is studied and then an algorithm for their co-ordinated design is suggested. An example is given in the paper to demonstrate the analytical results and the success of the co-ordinated design.
{"title":"Effect of multi-functional UPFC upon power system oscillation stability","authors":"H.F. Wang","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis of the interaction between the damping and other control functions of a unified power flow controller (UPFC) installed in power systems. A case of negative interaction between the UPFC damping control and voltage control of the DC link capacitor is studied and then an algorithm for their co-ordinated design is suggested. An example is given in the paper to demonstrate the analytical results and the success of the co-ordinated design.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transformer technology is a mature technology. A characteristic of such technologies is that most advances tend to be incremental. Improvements also are often related to the demands of the 20th century manufacturing techniques rather than to the fundamental physics governing the concept. Returning to basic physics and for example reconsidering Maxwell's equations opens new possibilities for efficient design. Additionally, safety and environmental issues, much more relevant now than in the early 1900s, can be addressed in a new way. The new technology that is presented in this work describes the resulting revolutionary changes for both manufacturer and user. High voltage dry power transformers replace conventional power transformer technology based on oil/cellulosic insulation. The marriage of the well-proven high voltage power cable technology with transformer technology sets a new standard in reaching the environmental goals of the 21st century.
{"title":"Power transformers for the 21st century","authors":"A. Jaksts, S. Forsmark, M. Leijon","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826483","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer technology is a mature technology. A characteristic of such technologies is that most advances tend to be incremental. Improvements also are often related to the demands of the 20th century manufacturing techniques rather than to the fundamental physics governing the concept. Returning to basic physics and for example reconsidering Maxwell's equations opens new possibilities for efficient design. Additionally, safety and environmental issues, much more relevant now than in the early 1900s, can be addressed in a new way. The new technology that is presented in this work describes the resulting revolutionary changes for both manufacturer and user. High voltage dry power transformers replace conventional power transformer technology based on oil/cellulosic insulation. The marriage of the well-proven high voltage power cable technology with transformer technology sets a new standard in reaching the environmental goals of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126093404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Competitive electricity market often requires the separation of transmission and generating services; therefore, the transmission system operator does not have an impact on short and long term generation patterns. At the same time, the transmission operator needs to accommodate various transactions and generation patterns. In the desire to accommodate market-based transactions, the transmission operator is very much interested in quantifying the various stability margins (voltage, dynamic, etc.) and in determining the level of robustness of the transmission system. In the case of voltage stability, the index of robustness used is the difference from the current operating condition to an infeasible point. Particularly relevant is the amount of additional reactive load that can be accommodated before the system experiences a voltage collapse. In this paper, we present a development of OPFs based on primal-dual nonlinear interior-point method, which can handle maximum loadability constraint under contingency state. The developed OFF can solve the optimal operating point while keeping enough loadability margin under contingency state. In order to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed methods, the OPFs are applied to several test systems under various operating conditions.
{"title":"Application of optimal power flow for voltage stability problem","authors":"J. Kubokawa, H. Sasaki, S. Ahmed, G. Strbac","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826466","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive electricity market often requires the separation of transmission and generating services; therefore, the transmission system operator does not have an impact on short and long term generation patterns. At the same time, the transmission operator needs to accommodate various transactions and generation patterns. In the desire to accommodate market-based transactions, the transmission operator is very much interested in quantifying the various stability margins (voltage, dynamic, etc.) and in determining the level of robustness of the transmission system. In the case of voltage stability, the index of robustness used is the difference from the current operating condition to an infeasible point. Particularly relevant is the amount of additional reactive load that can be accommodated before the system experiences a voltage collapse. In this paper, we present a development of OPFs based on primal-dual nonlinear interior-point method, which can handle maximum loadability constraint under contingency state. The developed OFF can solve the optimal operating point while keeping enough loadability margin under contingency state. In order to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed methods, the OPFs are applied to several test systems under various operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125308543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper a methodology is presented for load management in industries, which are convenient for rescheduling of technological processes and inconvenient for load shedding or interruption. The proposed methodology determines an optimal scheduling (rescheduling) of individual technological processes with the aim of reducing system peak load. This methodology takes into consideration all technological and/or economical constraints (demands). The presented methodology is based on mixed integer programming and applied to system peak load reduction of Elektrovojvodina.
{"title":"A methodology for reducing system peak load through load management in industries","authors":"Z. Popovic","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826625","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a methodology is presented for load management in industries, which are convenient for rescheduling of technological processes and inconvenient for load shedding or interruption. The proposed methodology determines an optimal scheduling (rescheduling) of individual technological processes with the aim of reducing system peak load. This methodology takes into consideration all technological and/or economical constraints (demands). The presented methodology is based on mixed integer programming and applied to system peak load reduction of Elektrovojvodina.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126660202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the application of a rule-based expert system to the service restoration of distribution networks. The principal objective of the developed restoration plan is to minimize the number of switching operations without violating loading constraints in all elements of the network while retaining its open loop structure. The obtained results are encouraging.
{"title":"A rule-based expert system for distribution system service restoration","authors":"H. Talaat, S. El-Safty, M. Mansour, S. El-Debeiky","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826616","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of a rule-based expert system to the service restoration of distribution networks. The principal objective of the developed restoration plan is to minimize the number of switching operations without violating loading constraints in all elements of the network while retaining its open loop structure. The obtained results are encouraging.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126859451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Knudsen, L.-O. Ellus, M. Koskinen, M. Luther, G. Schroder
The Baltic Ring Study was performed as a European Union TEN project in the period 1996-1998. 18 power companies and electric utility organizations from 11 countries around the Baltic Sea which are members of three nonsynchronously interconnected power system organizations investigated the possibilities of creating a common electricity market in the Baltic sea Region, emphasizing the need for environmental improvements and benefits for the customer.
{"title":"The Baltic Ring Study-transmission system simulations in the Baltic Sea region","authors":"H. Knudsen, L.-O. Ellus, M. Koskinen, M. Luther, G. Schroder","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826437","url":null,"abstract":"The Baltic Ring Study was performed as a European Union TEN project in the period 1996-1998. 18 power companies and electric utility organizations from 11 countries around the Baltic Sea which are members of three nonsynchronously interconnected power system organizations investigated the possibilities of creating a common electricity market in the Baltic sea Region, emphasizing the need for environmental improvements and benefits for the customer.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126396299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aresi, B. Delfino, F. Fornari, S. Massucco, A. Morini
The paper describes the significant changes expected in power system operation and management required by the restructuring process of electric industry. The problem of automatic generation control (AGC) is addressed under the open trading perspective. The fundamental concepts of AGC are recalled and the possible modifications are presented. The co-existence of a primary service predominantly based on long-term bilateral contracts and of secondary services (or ancillary services) such as load-following and secondary frequency control is highlighted. Different AGC solutions are theoretically reported and supported by simulations on a CIGRE test system.
{"title":"Power system automatic generation control revised from the open trading perspective","authors":"R. Aresi, B. Delfino, F. Fornari, S. Massucco, A. Morini","doi":"10.1109/PTC.1999.826442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.1999.826442","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the significant changes expected in power system operation and management required by the restructuring process of electric industry. The problem of automatic generation control (AGC) is addressed under the open trading perspective. The fundamental concepts of AGC are recalled and the possible modifications are presented. The co-existence of a primary service predominantly based on long-term bilateral contracts and of secondary services (or ancillary services) such as load-following and secondary frequency control is highlighted. Different AGC solutions are theoretically reported and supported by simulations on a CIGRE test system.","PeriodicalId":101688,"journal":{"name":"PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124403278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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