Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.91.111
A. Sumbul, R. Rizvi, I. Mahmood, R. Ansari
In the present review, an attempt was made to compile the data available across the world befitting the management practices of phytonematodal disease using oil-cakes. Some of the data of oil-cakes have also been shared herein, which were applied along with other beneficial microbes, such as; bacterium and fungi. Analyzed data propounded that utilization of oil-cakes against economically important nematode problems, such as Meloidogyne spp. are very enthusiastic. Oil-cakes have been used by different workers in different forms such, as crude oil-cake, aqueous extracts, powdered oil-cake etc and both in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies were carried out to see the effect of oil-cakes on phytonematodes. The oil-cakes such as mustard, neem, castor, karanj, groundnut, mahua and sesame gave their best to manage the disease in glass house and in field condition as well. Currently, researchers are looking for ecofriendly and biodegradable alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of phytonematodes. Present review concluded oil-cakes to be the best option so far against phytoparasitic nematodes not only because of its ease of availability but also economical feasibility for the growers/farmers entrepreneurship. However, mechanisms of action of oil-cakes in relation to PPN is very less understandable and therefore yet to be fully explored.
{"title":"Oil-Cake Amendments: Useful Tools for the Management of Phytonematodes","authors":"A. Sumbul, R. Rizvi, I. Mahmood, R. Ansari","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.91.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.91.111","url":null,"abstract":"In the present review, an attempt was made to compile the data available across the world befitting the management practices of phytonematodal disease using oil-cakes. Some of the data of oil-cakes have also been shared herein, which were applied along with other beneficial microbes, such as; bacterium and fungi. Analyzed data propounded that utilization of oil-cakes against economically important nematode problems, such as Meloidogyne spp. are very enthusiastic. Oil-cakes have been used by different workers in different forms such, as crude oil-cake, aqueous extracts, powdered oil-cake etc and both in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies were carried out to see the effect of oil-cakes on phytonematodes. The oil-cakes such as mustard, neem, castor, karanj, groundnut, mahua and sesame gave their best to manage the disease in glass house and in field condition as well. Currently, researchers are looking for ecofriendly and biodegradable alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of phytonematodes. Present review concluded oil-cakes to be the best option so far against phytoparasitic nematodes not only because of its ease of availability but also economical feasibility for the growers/farmers entrepreneurship. However, mechanisms of action of oil-cakes in relation to PPN is very less understandable and therefore yet to be fully explored.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116171226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.112.123
Mohd Zafri Ab Wahab, K. Sijam, M. Ismail, M. Hashim, E. M. Hata, D. Zulperi
Sheath Brown Rot (SBR) is one of the most important diseases that affect rice plant. The disease cause rots to the sheaths, panicles and leaves of rice plant. The disease also contaminating rice seeds through grain’s discoloration thus leads in reduction of rice production. In this study, 50 bacteria isolates that fluoresced under UV illumination on King’s B Selective (KBS) medium were obtained. Out of 50 isolates, 25 isolates were positive for both Hypersensitivity Reaction (HR) and pathogenicity tests. They also showed positive results for several biochemical reactions such as oxidase, arginine dihydrolase and trehalose utilization tests. Based on the preliminary tests, all isolates have been identified as Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (P. fuscovaginae). The 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that all the isolates had 97-99% sequence similarities to Pseudomonas fuscovaginae in the GenBank database. This result was also supported by the constructed phylogenetic tree with the Acidivorax avenae outgroup. It was noted that all 25 isolates originated from the same node with the P. fuscovaginae group. The findings on characteristics of P. fuscovaginae in Peninsular Malaysia hopefully can be used in future studies especially on Malaysian P. fuscovaginae biology and their control.
鞘褐腐病(SBR)是影响水稻植株的主要病害之一。该病害导致水稻的鞘、穗和叶片腐烂。该疾病还通过谷物变色污染水稻种子，从而导致水稻产量减少。在本研究中，分离了50株在紫外照射下在King’s B Selective (KBS)培养基上发出荧光的细菌。在50株分离株中，25株超敏反应(HR)和致病性试验均阳性。氧化酶、精氨酸二水解酶、海藻糖利用等生化反应均呈阳性。根据初步检测，所有分离株均鉴定为fuscovaginae假单胞菌。16S rDNA序列分析表明，所有分离株与GenBank数据库中的fuscovaginae序列相似性为97 ~ 99%。这一结果也得到了与acivateax avenae外群构建的系统进化树的支持。结果表明，所有25株分离株均与fuscovaginae群同源。本研究结果可为马来半岛fuscovaginae的生物学研究及防治提供参考。
{"title":"Phenotypic characterization and molecular identification of Malaysian Pseudomonas fuscovaginae isolated from rice plants","authors":"Mohd Zafri Ab Wahab, K. Sijam, M. Ismail, M. Hashim, E. M. Hata, D. Zulperi","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.112.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.112.123","url":null,"abstract":"Sheath Brown Rot (SBR) is one of the most important diseases that affect rice plant. The disease cause rots to the sheaths, panicles and leaves of rice plant. The disease also contaminating rice seeds through grain’s discoloration thus leads in reduction of rice production. In this study, 50 bacteria isolates that fluoresced under UV illumination on King’s B Selective (KBS) medium were obtained. Out of 50 isolates, 25 isolates were positive for both Hypersensitivity Reaction (HR) and pathogenicity tests. They also showed positive results for several biochemical reactions such as oxidase, arginine dihydrolase and trehalose utilization tests. Based on the preliminary tests, all isolates have been identified as Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (P. fuscovaginae). The 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that all the isolates had 97-99% sequence similarities to Pseudomonas fuscovaginae in the GenBank database. This result was also supported by the constructed phylogenetic tree with the Acidivorax avenae outgroup. It was noted that all 25 isolates originated from the same node with the P. fuscovaginae group. The findings on characteristics of P. fuscovaginae in Peninsular Malaysia hopefully can be used in future studies especially on Malaysian P. fuscovaginae biology and their control.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124817021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.124.134
K. Hai
{"title":"Controlling of Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease on Faba Bean Using some Growth Substances","authors":"K. Hai","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.124.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.124.134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125335628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.135.141
N. A. Ashmawy, S. Behiry, H. Younes, A. Khaled
The soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya species cause economically important diseases on potato crops. Specific and efficient detection methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the soft rot bacteria as well as in seed certification programmes. Polyclonal antibodies against potato soft rot bacterium; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum were generated in female New Zealand white rabbits. Determination of the optimum period to collect the antiserum (As) using indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) showed that, the first collecting date 7 days after the last injection was the best followed by the second collecting date 14 days in both killed (As1) and live (As2) bacterial antisera. The best positive values of antiserum titer were obtained with As1 (7 days) up to dilution of 1:1.28×104 then As1 (14 days) 1:6.4×103 and As2 (7 or 14 days) 1:8×102. Efficiency of the antiserum to comparing among six isolates causing soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCCS63) which used for antisera production, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (IPO1949), P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (1007), P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae (ipp041), Dickeya dianthicola (IPO2114) and Dickeya chrysanthemi (DSM4610) revealed that, our polyclonal antiserum had a high sensitivity to react with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates PCCS63 and IPO1949 than with D. chrysanthemi DSM4610 isolate and the least coupling was found with P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae ipp041 and Dickeya dianthicola IPO2114 isolates. The produced antiserum was more sensitive to detect P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates than the other soft rot bacteria.
{"title":"Development of Polyclonal Rabbit Serum-Based ELISA for Detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and its Specificity against other Causing Soft Rot Bacteria","authors":"N. A. Ashmawy, S. Behiry, H. Younes, A. Khaled","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.135.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.135.141","url":null,"abstract":"The soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya species cause economically important diseases on potato crops. Specific and efficient detection methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the soft rot bacteria as well as in seed certification programmes. Polyclonal antibodies against potato soft rot bacterium; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum were generated in female New Zealand white rabbits. Determination of the optimum period to collect the antiserum (As) using indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) showed that, the first collecting date 7 days after the last injection was the best followed by the second collecting date 14 days in both killed (As1) and live (As2) bacterial antisera. The best positive values of antiserum titer were obtained with As1 (7 days) up to dilution of 1:1.28×104 then As1 (14 days) 1:6.4×103 and As2 (7 or 14 days) 1:8×102. Efficiency of the antiserum to comparing among six isolates causing soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCCS63) which used for antisera production, P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (IPO1949), P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (1007), P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae (ipp041), Dickeya dianthicola (IPO2114) and Dickeya chrysanthemi (DSM4610) revealed that, our polyclonal antiserum had a high sensitivity to react with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates PCCS63 and IPO1949 than with D. chrysanthemi DSM4610 isolate and the least coupling was found with P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae ipp041 and Dickeya dianthicola IPO2114 isolates. The produced antiserum was more sensitive to detect P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates than the other soft rot bacteria.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123929358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.59.71
P. J. Santoso, I. Aryantha, A. Pancoro, S. Suhandono
{"title":"Identification of Pythium and Phytophthora associated with durian (Durio sp.) in Indonesia: their molecular and morphological characteristics and distribution.","authors":"P. J. Santoso, I. Aryantha, A. Pancoro, S. Suhandono","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.59.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.59.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132136662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.33.45
Jiarong Yang, A. Elsharawy, Xiaoping Hu, D. Hu, Jiarong Yang Ahmed A. El-Sharawy
{"title":"Construction of a Large Mutational Library from a Defoliating Verticillium dahliae Strain and its Evaluation","authors":"Jiarong Yang, A. Elsharawy, Xiaoping Hu, D. Hu, Jiarong Yang Ahmed A. El-Sharawy","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.33.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.33.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.83.90
P. Dhanasekar, K. S. Reddy
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), an important protein rich arid legume crop is susceptible to number of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases that severely limit the productivity. A set of 92 diverse cowpea genotypes including varieties, mutants, advanced breeding lines, exotic and indigenous collections were serologically screened for resistance against Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic (CABM) virus using DAS-ELISA. The genotypes grown in triplicate in a randomized block design at Trombay were mechanically inoculated with CABM virus and the resistance or susceptible reactions of each of the genotypes were recorded visually as well as serologically. Based on the extent of symptoms and serological reactions, the cowpea genotypes were classified as: highly resistant, plants without symptoms and negative for serology; resistant, plants with mild mosaic (<25%) and positive for serology; susceptible, plants with mosaic (26-75%) and positive for serology and highly susceptible, plants with severe mosaic (>75%) and other systemic symptoms and positive for serology. The study resulted in the identification of 13 highly resistant, 24 resistant, 50 susceptible and 5 highly susceptible genotypes. The chlorophyll index of susceptible genotypes as measured by SPAD chlorophyll meter was almost half that of resistant genotypes. The highly resistant genotypes against CABM virus identified in the present study after due confirmation would be incorporated in the breeding programme to develop resistance in elite genetic backgrounds.
{"title":"Serological Screening of Cowpea Genotypes for Resistance against Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus Using DAS-ELISA","authors":"P. Dhanasekar, K. S. Reddy","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.83.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.83.90","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), an important protein rich arid legume crop is susceptible to number of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases that severely limit the productivity. A set of 92 diverse cowpea genotypes including varieties, mutants, advanced breeding lines, exotic and indigenous collections were serologically screened for resistance against Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic (CABM) virus using DAS-ELISA. The genotypes grown in triplicate in a randomized block design at Trombay were mechanically inoculated with CABM virus and the resistance or susceptible reactions of each of the genotypes were recorded visually as well as serologically. Based on the extent of symptoms and serological reactions, the cowpea genotypes were classified as: highly resistant, plants without symptoms and negative for serology; resistant, plants with mild mosaic (<25%) and positive for serology; susceptible, plants with mosaic (26-75%) and positive for serology and highly susceptible, plants with severe mosaic (>75%) and other systemic symptoms and positive for serology. The study resulted in the identification of 13 highly resistant, 24 resistant, 50 susceptible and 5 highly susceptible genotypes. The chlorophyll index of susceptible genotypes as measured by SPAD chlorophyll meter was almost half that of resistant genotypes. The highly resistant genotypes against CABM virus identified in the present study after due confirmation would be incorporated in the breeding programme to develop resistance in elite genetic backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129886787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.46.58
L. Ng, A. Ngadin, M. Azhari, N. A. Zahari
Bakanae disease is a major rice disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Infected plants show slender and hyper elongated internodes due to the over-production of gibberellic acid. Application of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agent is gaining attention due to high capability in hyperparasitize the soil borne pathogen. The studies aimed to screen and evaluate the bio-efficacy of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic activities against F. fujikuroi and plant growth-promoting properties. All the 65 Trichoderma isolates were isolated from healthy rice rhizosphere soil. Thirty eight out of 65 Trichoderma isolates exhibited more than 45 Percentage of Inhibition Radial Growth (PIRG) against F. fujikuroi in dual culture plate testing. All selected Trichoderma isolates were further in vitro screened for antagonistic testing: volatile compounds production and hydrogen cyanide production and plant growth-promotion properties: IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Twelve Trichoderma isolates were selected for further evaluation on antagonistic activity against F. fujikuroi, germination rate, plumule and radical lengths and vigor index. Finally, seven of the most potential Trichoderma isolates were selected for greenhouse evaluation. The bakanae disease incidence and disease severity in rice plant treated with respective selected Trichoderma isolates were significant reduced as compared with untreated plant. However, there was no significant increase in plant height between Trichoderma inoculated and uninoculated plants. Moreover, rice plant treated with Trichoderma T61 showed significantly increase in total plant dry biomass as compared to untreated plants. The selected Trichoderma isolates have potential to be developed as biological control agent against F. fujikuroi and also as an alternative for bakanae management.
{"title":"Potential of Trichoderma spp. as Biological Control Agents Against Bakanae Pathogen (Fusarium fujikuroi) in Rice","authors":"L. Ng, A. Ngadin, M. Azhari, N. A. Zahari","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.46.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.46.58","url":null,"abstract":"Bakanae disease is a major rice disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Infected plants show slender and hyper elongated internodes due to the over-production of gibberellic acid. Application of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agent is gaining attention due to high capability in hyperparasitize the soil borne pathogen. The studies aimed to screen and evaluate the bio-efficacy of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic activities against F. fujikuroi and plant growth-promoting properties. All the 65 Trichoderma isolates were isolated from healthy rice rhizosphere soil. Thirty eight out of 65 Trichoderma isolates exhibited more than 45 Percentage of Inhibition Radial Growth (PIRG) against F. fujikuroi in dual culture plate testing. All selected Trichoderma isolates were further in vitro screened for antagonistic testing: volatile compounds production and hydrogen cyanide production and plant growth-promotion properties: IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Twelve Trichoderma isolates were selected for further evaluation on antagonistic activity against F. fujikuroi, germination rate, plumule and radical lengths and vigor index. Finally, seven of the most potential Trichoderma isolates were selected for greenhouse evaluation. The bakanae disease incidence and disease severity in rice plant treated with respective selected Trichoderma isolates were significant reduced as compared with untreated plant. However, there was no significant increase in plant height between Trichoderma inoculated and uninoculated plants. Moreover, rice plant treated with Trichoderma T61 showed significantly increase in total plant dry biomass as compared to untreated plants. The selected Trichoderma isolates have potential to be developed as biological control agent against F. fujikuroi and also as an alternative for bakanae management.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130171329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.72.82
S. Dwivedi, Upma Yadav, Enespa
Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants as well as fungal antagonists against pathogenic fusaria. Pathogenic fusaria viz., Fusarium solani f. sp. melongena and F. oxysporum f. sp. moniliforme causing brinjal and guava wilt are also responsible for significant reduction in yield and quality. Fusarium strains isolated from different sites and identified by Phase Contrast Microscope (PCM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The oil and extracts of plant were extracted by hydro distillation in Clevenger apparatus and Soxhlet apparatus. Mycelial growth inhibition was determined by food poison method. In vitro efficacy of five medicinal plants viz., Azadirachta indica (oil and leaf extract), Psidium guajava (leaf extract), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (bark extract), Trachyspermum ammi (seed extract) and Ocimum sanctum (leaf extract) and three microbial antagonists viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride and T. longibrachiatum were tested using 4, 8 and 12 μL against both the test fungi on 3rd, 5th and 7th day of inoculation. Among all the medicinal plants, O. sanctum (leaf extract), T. ammi (seed extract) and A. indica (leaf extract) showed 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. solani and F. moniliforme at 12 μL concentration on 7th day followed by A. indica (oil), P. guajava and E. camaldulensis. Among different bioagents, T. longibrachiatum against F. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. moniliforme was found significantly superior to the rest in infecting the growth and showed 100% inhibition at 8 and 12 μL concentrations on 3rd, 5th and 7th day while T. harzianum against both the test fungus was most effective and completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 12 μL concentration on all three days followed by T. atroviride.
{"title":"Efficacy of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts, Oil and Microbial Antagonists Against Fusarium spp. Affecting Brinjal and Guava Crops","authors":"S. Dwivedi, Upma Yadav, Enespa","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.72.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2015.72.82","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants as well as fungal antagonists against pathogenic fusaria. Pathogenic fusaria viz., Fusarium solani f. sp. melongena and F. oxysporum f. sp. moniliforme causing brinjal and guava wilt are also responsible for significant reduction in yield and quality. Fusarium strains isolated from different sites and identified by Phase Contrast Microscope (PCM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The oil and extracts of plant were extracted by hydro distillation in Clevenger apparatus and Soxhlet apparatus. Mycelial growth inhibition was determined by food poison method. In vitro efficacy of five medicinal plants viz., Azadirachta indica (oil and leaf extract), Psidium guajava (leaf extract), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (bark extract), Trachyspermum ammi (seed extract) and Ocimum sanctum (leaf extract) and three microbial antagonists viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride and T. longibrachiatum were tested using 4, 8 and 12 μL against both the test fungi on 3rd, 5th and 7th day of inoculation. Among all the medicinal plants, O. sanctum (leaf extract), T. ammi (seed extract) and A. indica (leaf extract) showed 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. solani and F. moniliforme at 12 μL concentration on 7th day followed by A. indica (oil), P. guajava and E. camaldulensis. Among different bioagents, T. longibrachiatum against F. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. moniliforme was found significantly superior to the rest in infecting the growth and showed 100% inhibition at 8 and 12 μL concentrations on 3rd, 5th and 7th day while T. harzianum against both the test fungus was most effective and completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 12 μL concentration on all three days followed by T. atroviride.","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132588011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.3923/AJPPAJ.2014.34.44
Jamsari, I. Ferita, L. Syukriani, Helni Lalan, F. Herberg, W. Nellen
{"title":"Existence of Two Distinct Whiteflies in Chilli-Pepper Cultivation in West Sumatra-Indonesia Based on Mitochondria Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Sequences","authors":"Jamsari, I. Ferita, L. Syukriani, Helni Lalan, F. Herberg, W. Nellen","doi":"10.3923/AJPPAJ.2014.34.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPPAJ.2014.34.44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101708,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129248707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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