Natural resource extraction and ore processing have significant environmental impacts, such as the generation of wastewater, waste rock and tailings. These waste products are often detrimental to ecosystems, and negatively impact surface and groundwater bodies, often necessitating remediation treatments and long-term management of sites by operators, or, where operators have abandoned a contaminated site, by regulators and government agencies. Such cleanup and monitoring efforts regularly continue for decades after a site is closed. Monitoring efforts usually serve two purposes: characterizing the long-term changes at a site once extraction and processing activities have ceased and evaluating the effectiveness of applied remediation treatments. Monitoring activities are usually mandated in the site’s operating license and usually include frequent field sampling of surface water, groundwater, and soil or sediment, as well as ecological studies describing floral and faunal abundances. These samples are then analyzed to quantify the mobility and phase of contaminants (i.e., toxic heavy metals, hydrocarbons), fundamental water quality parameters (i.e., pH, TDS, alkalinity), and the makeup and function of the microbial community (i.e., culturing, microcosms, ‘omics). The need for skilled workers and constant on-site personnel presence means that environmental monitoring is a high- cost activity for site operators and is a significant financial burden for government and regulatory agencies tasked with managing abandoned legacy mine sites. Over the last decade, rapid developments in platforms for deploying remote scientific instrumentation, lower-cost environmental sensors, and data transmission from remote locations have brought about a renewal of interest in sensor-based environmental monitoring strategies. These approaches offer several advantages, such as lower cost, near real-time data access, and lower exposure risk to toxic and hazardous materials. Here, we will present data collected from a suite of electrochemical sensors deployed in situ at a closed, managed mine site to monitor the effectiveness of remediation treatments in real-time. These results provide proof-of-concept for the effectiveness of sensor-based monitoring technology as part of safe, effective long-term remediation and management strategies.
{"title":"In situ sensor-based monitoring strategies for biogeochemical reactions in mine tailings environments","authors":"Eric Nakoh, Allison Enright","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108130","url":null,"abstract":"Natural resource extraction and ore processing have significant environmental impacts, such as the generation of wastewater, waste rock and tailings. These waste products are often detrimental to ecosystems, and negatively impact surface and groundwater bodies, often necessitating remediation treatments and long-term management of sites by operators, or, where operators have abandoned a contaminated site, by regulators and government agencies. Such cleanup and monitoring efforts regularly continue for decades after a site is closed. Monitoring efforts usually serve two purposes: characterizing the long-term changes at a site once extraction and processing activities have ceased and evaluating the effectiveness of applied remediation treatments. Monitoring activities are usually mandated in the site’s operating license and usually include frequent field sampling of surface water, groundwater, and soil or sediment, as well as ecological studies describing floral and faunal abundances. These samples are then analyzed to quantify the mobility and phase of contaminants (i.e., toxic heavy metals, hydrocarbons), fundamental water quality parameters (i.e., pH, TDS, alkalinity), and the makeup and function of the microbial community (i.e., culturing, microcosms, ‘omics). The need for skilled workers and constant on-site personnel presence means that environmental monitoring is a high- cost activity for site operators and is a significant financial burden for government and regulatory agencies tasked with managing abandoned legacy mine sites. Over the last decade, rapid developments in platforms for deploying remote scientific instrumentation, lower-cost environmental sensors, and data transmission from remote locations have brought about a renewal of interest in sensor-based environmental monitoring strategies. These approaches offer several advantages, such as lower cost, near real-time data access, and lower exposure risk to toxic and hazardous materials. Here, we will present data collected from a suite of electrochemical sensors deployed in situ at a closed, managed mine site to monitor the effectiveness of remediation treatments in real-time. These results provide proof-of-concept for the effectiveness of sensor-based monitoring technology as part of safe, effective long-term remediation and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the subsurface, biotic and abiotic processes can generate and consume hydrogen. Hydrogen has a low reduction potential and is thus a highly energetic electron donor when involved in sulfate, carbon dioxide or ferric iron reduction. Although known as important drivers for the deep biosphere, the contributions of different processes to hydrogen turnover in different geosystems still are not well understood. In context with the ongoing transformation to renewable energy resources, underground H2 storage (UHS) in deep porous or salt cavern systems came into focus. In situ microbial and geochemical reactions that consume H2 are highly relevant topics in deep biosphere research, and also are still a major uncertainty during UHS. Consequently, we studied the potential microbial hydrogen oxidation rates – combined with the possible production of metabolic products like H2S, acetic acid or CH4 - in formation fluids from natural gas fields and salt caverns, thereby considering the importance of in situ pressure and temperature conditions, fluid chemistry and mineral composition. In addition, more defined experiments were conducted with selected pure cultures representing important metabolic groups of deep biosphere microorganisms. Several original formation fluids showed immediate H2 consumption. Microorganisms oxidized hydrogen at relevant in situ pressure conditions (up to 100 bar) and tolerated dynamically changing pressure and temperature conditions. The microbial hydrogen oxidation rate was strongly dependent on H2 partial pressures and the availability of e.g., sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated hydrogen oxidation by sulfate reducing bacteria to be the presumed process in the studied porous rock reservoir fluids. In addition, hydrogen turnover by methanogenic and acetogenic as well as iron-reducing microorganisms was investigated. Also, the importance of biotic reactions in relation to abiotic hydrogen turnover processes at mineral surfaces will be discussed.
{"title":"Hydrogen-Driven Microbial Redox Reactions in Deep Geosystems","authors":"Martin Krüger, Anja Dohrmann","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e107916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e107916","url":null,"abstract":"In the subsurface, biotic and abiotic processes can generate and consume hydrogen. Hydrogen has a low reduction potential and is thus a highly energetic electron donor when involved in sulfate, carbon dioxide or ferric iron reduction. Although known as important drivers for the deep biosphere, the contributions of different processes to hydrogen turnover in different geosystems still are not well understood. In context with the ongoing transformation to renewable energy resources, underground H2 storage (UHS) in deep porous or salt cavern systems came into focus. In situ microbial and geochemical reactions that consume H2 are highly relevant topics in deep biosphere research, and also are still a major uncertainty during UHS. Consequently, we studied the potential microbial hydrogen oxidation rates – combined with the possible production of metabolic products like H2S, acetic acid or CH4 - in formation fluids from natural gas fields and salt caverns, thereby considering the importance of in situ pressure and temperature conditions, fluid chemistry and mineral composition. In addition, more defined experiments were conducted with selected pure cultures representing important metabolic groups of deep biosphere microorganisms. Several original formation fluids showed immediate H2 consumption. Microorganisms oxidized hydrogen at relevant in situ pressure conditions (up to 100 bar) and tolerated dynamically changing pressure and temperature conditions. The microbial hydrogen oxidation rate was strongly dependent on H2 partial pressures and the availability of e.g., sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated hydrogen oxidation by sulfate reducing bacteria to be the presumed process in the studied porous rock reservoir fluids. In addition, hydrogen turnover by methanogenic and acetogenic as well as iron-reducing microorganisms was investigated. Also, the importance of biotic reactions in relation to abiotic hydrogen turnover processes at mineral surfaces will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjuan Jia, Shengmei Lv, Lirong Cheng, Yi Zhu, Aizhong Ding
The stability of the microbial community is a vital indicator of microbial ecosystems. However, the mechanism of microbial community stability during in situ chemical oxidation in petroleum-hydrocarbon-polluted groundwater is unclear. This study analyzed the biomass, diversity, co-occurrence network feature and negative cohesion of microbial community at different stages to identify the changes in microbial community stability under chemical oxidation. In addition, microbial module compositions and crucial functions were analyzed to further explore the reason for the change in community stability at the module level. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the microbial module explanatory degree to microbial community stability changes. The results indicated that the microbial community stability was destroyed by chemical oxidation. The carbon source effect was the main reason in the early oxidation stage, while the oxidation stress effect was the main reason in the late oxidation stage. Most microbial modules were transformed from K-strategists to r-strategists, and modular keystones were transformed to stress-tolerant species in the oxidation stage. This study suggested that microbial clusters were essential indicators of the microbial community in petroleum hydrocarbon groundwater during the chemical oxidation period.
{"title":"Response of Microbial Community Stability to Chemical Oxidation Remediation Process in a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Groundwater Site","authors":"Wenjuan Jia, Shengmei Lv, Lirong Cheng, Yi Zhu, Aizhong Ding","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108148","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of the microbial community is a vital indicator of microbial ecosystems. However, the mechanism of microbial community stability during in situ chemical oxidation in petroleum-hydrocarbon-polluted groundwater is unclear. This study analyzed the biomass, diversity, co-occurrence network feature and negative cohesion of microbial community at different stages to identify the changes in microbial community stability under chemical oxidation. In addition, microbial module compositions and crucial functions were analyzed to further explore the reason for the change in community stability at the module level. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the microbial module explanatory degree to microbial community stability changes. The results indicated that the microbial community stability was destroyed by chemical oxidation. The carbon source effect was the main reason in the early oxidation stage, while the oxidation stress effect was the main reason in the late oxidation stage. Most microbial modules were transformed from K-strategists to r-strategists, and modular keystones were transformed to stress-tolerant species in the oxidation stage. This study suggested that microbial clusters were essential indicators of the microbial community in petroleum hydrocarbon groundwater during the chemical oxidation period.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe Morgan, Natalie Byrd, Callum Robinson, Laura Lopez-Odriozola, Sean Woodall, Samuel Shaw, Louise Natrajan, Katherine Morris, Jonathan Lloyd
Microorganisms can play an important role on the behaviour of colloids in natural and engineered environments, which in turn can control the mobility of associated metals and radionuclides. This is especially true in the nuclear fuel cycle, where radionuclides (including uranium) can interact with a broad range of inorganic colloids. This is relevant to the legacy spent nuclear fuel ponds at Sellafield, which house a diverse inventory of waste from the early Magnox reactors. These reactors used uranium metal as a fuel encased in a magnesium non-oxide cladding. Corrosion of the cladding results in the release of radionuclides, primarily uranium, and the formation of brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ) phases which are present both in the corroded Magnox sludge at the base of the pond and suspended in the water column as colloids (Gregson et al. 2011). These brucite colloids have the potential to mobilise insoluble phases providing an important pathway for radionuclide migration. The spent nuclear fuel ponds are maintained at high pH to minimise corrosion of the cladding, however significant corrosion has still occurred. Despite the seemingly inhospitable conditions in spent nuclear fuel ponds, numerous studies have found microorganisms capable of surviving in spent nuclear fuel ponds (Dekker et al. 2014, Foster et al. 2020, Ruiz-Lopez et al. 2020). Previous work has demonstrated increased abiotic sorption of strontium to brucite in the presence of organic matter derived from Pseudanabaena catenata (Ashworth et al. 2018), which dominates algal blooms in the ponds. In this study we focus on uranium interactions with colloidal brucite in the presence of microbes adapted to high pH environments under conditions relevant to the spent nuclear fuel ponds at Sellafield.
微生物可以在自然和工程环境中对胶体的行为起重要作用，而胶体又可以控制相关金属和放射性核素的流动性。在核燃料循环中尤其如此，其中放射性核素(包括铀)可以与广泛的无机胶体相互作用。这与塞拉菲尔德遗留下来的乏燃料池有关，那里存放着早期马格诺克斯反应堆产生的各种废物。这些反应堆使用铀金属作为燃料，包裹在镁非氧化物包层中。包层的腐蚀导致放射性核素(主要是铀)的释放，以及水镁石(Mg(OH) 2)相的形成，这些相既存在于池塘底部被腐蚀的镁诺克污泥中，也以胶体的形式悬浮在水柱中(Gregson et al. 2011)。这些水镁石胶体具有动员不溶相的潜力，为放射性核素迁移提供了重要途径。乏燃料池保持在高pH值，以尽量减少包层的腐蚀，但仍然发生了严重的腐蚀。尽管乏核燃料池的条件看似不适宜居住，但许多研究发现，微生物能够在乏核燃料池中生存(Dekker et al. 2014, Foster et al. 2020, Ruiz-Lopez et al. 2020)。先前的研究表明，在来自假滨水藻(Pseudanabaena catenata)的有机物存在的情况下，水镁石对锶的非生物吸附增加(Ashworth等人，2018)，这是池塘中藻华的主要来源。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了在塞拉菲尔德乏燃料池相关条件下，在适应高pH环境的微生物存在下，铀与胶体水镁石的相互作用。
{"title":"Microbial Impacts on Colloid-Radionuclide Interactions","authors":"Chloe Morgan, Natalie Byrd, Callum Robinson, Laura Lopez-Odriozola, Sean Woodall, Samuel Shaw, Louise Natrajan, Katherine Morris, Jonathan Lloyd","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e106921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e106921","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms can play an important role on the behaviour of colloids in natural and engineered environments, which in turn can control the mobility of associated metals and radionuclides. This is especially true in the nuclear fuel cycle, where radionuclides (including uranium) can interact with a broad range of inorganic colloids. This is relevant to the legacy spent nuclear fuel ponds at Sellafield, which house a diverse inventory of waste from the early Magnox reactors. These reactors used uranium metal as a fuel encased in a magnesium non-oxide cladding. Corrosion of the cladding results in the release of radionuclides, primarily uranium, and the formation of brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ) phases which are present both in the corroded Magnox sludge at the base of the pond and suspended in the water column as colloids (Gregson et al. 2011). These brucite colloids have the potential to mobilise insoluble phases providing an important pathway for radionuclide migration. The spent nuclear fuel ponds are maintained at high pH to minimise corrosion of the cladding, however significant corrosion has still occurred. Despite the seemingly inhospitable conditions in spent nuclear fuel ponds, numerous studies have found microorganisms capable of surviving in spent nuclear fuel ponds (Dekker et al. 2014, Foster et al. 2020, Ruiz-Lopez et al. 2020). Previous work has demonstrated increased abiotic sorption of strontium to brucite in the presence of organic matter derived from Pseudanabaena catenata (Ashworth et al. 2018), which dominates algal blooms in the ponds. In this study we focus on uranium interactions with colloidal brucite in the presence of microbes adapted to high pH environments under conditions relevant to the spent nuclear fuel ponds at Sellafield.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To maintain balanced biogeochemical cycles, minimizing the nutrient wastes from agricultural activities is critically important. Agricultural activities such as dairy farming produce large amounts of nitrogen waste in natural ecosystems. The increased nitrogen waste from dairy farming potentially causes environmental damage, such as eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions. To accurately assess these changes in nitrogen wastes from dairy farming systems, measurements of variable parameters related to the nitrogen cycle (e.g., nitrogen gas emissions, nitrogen loss to water ecosystems), but these are time-consuming. Instead, calculating farm gate-level nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a practical method to estimate the nitrogen waste from dairy farming systems. The nitrogen surplus and NUE are calculated based on the difference and ratio between nitrogen input (such as fertilizer and feed) and nitrogen output (such as milk and meat) on each farm. The data needed to calculate the nitrogen input and output can be obtained by interviewing farmers. Thus it is often easier than directly measuring nitrogen cycle parameters. In addition, it is known that excess nitrogen wastes are often related to improper manure management (i.e., manure is not efficiently collected and returned to the farm as nutrients) on dairy farms. In the dairy farming regions in Japan, particularly in Hokkaido, improper manure management can occur because of the short grass growing season and long winter, which means a large amount of manure has to be stored for an extended period. However, few previous studies quantitatively linked manure management and NUE in Japan. Thus, a study was needed to assess the link between manure management styles and the farm gate-level nitrogen surplus and NUE. Using the data from several Japanese dairy farms, we clarified the following: Whether nitrogen losses during manure management can be a controlling factor for the NUE of the whole farm or not. Other management options necessary to keep the NUE within an appropriate range. Whether nitrogen losses during manure management can be a controlling factor for the NUE of the whole farm or not. Other management options necessary to keep the NUE within an appropriate range. Interviews were conducted with four small-scale (34–42 milked cows per farm) grazing dairy farmers in Central and Eastern Hokkaido to estimate their nitrogen balance and calculate NUE. The data for the year 2022 was used to calculate the NUE and nitrogen surplus. The data included all the fertilizer and feed information as nitrogen inputs, while milk and meat production as nitrogen outputs. Also, the basic information about the farm (e.g., area and stocking rates) was collected. Then, the total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium-form nitrogen and nitrate-form nitrogen) in excreta samples at various stages from a barn to pre-application in each farm were measured to assess the amount of nitrogen loss and n
为了维持平衡的生物地球化学循环，尽量减少农业活动造成的养分浪费至关重要。农业活动，如奶牛养殖，在自然生态系统中产生大量的氮废物。奶牛养殖中氮废物的增加可能会造成环境破坏，如富营养化和温室气体排放。为了准确评估奶牛养殖系统中氮废物的这些变化，需要测量与氮循环相关的可变参数(例如，氮气排放，氮对水生态系统的损失)，但这些都很耗时。相反，计算农场门口水平的氮剩余和氮利用效率(NUE)是估计奶牛养殖系统氮浪费的实用方法。氮肥剩余和氮素利用效率是根据每个农场的氮投入(如肥料和饲料)与氮产出(如奶和肉)之间的差值和比值计算的。计算氮肥投入和产出所需的数据可以通过对农民的访谈获得。因此，它通常比直接测量氮循环参数更容易。此外，众所周知，过量的氮废物通常与奶牛场的粪便管理不当有关(即粪便没有有效地收集并作为营养物质返回农场)。在日本的奶牛养殖地区，特别是在北海道，由于草的生长季节短，冬天长，这意味着大量的粪便必须长时间储存，因此可能会出现粪便管理不当的情况。然而，以前很少有研究定量地将粪便管理与日本的氮肥利用效率联系起来。因此，需要进一步研究肥料管理方式与农场大门水平氮肥剩余和氮肥利用效率之间的关系。利用日本几个奶牛场的数据，我们澄清了以下问题:粪肥管理过程中的氮损失是否可以成为整个奶牛场氮肥利用的控制因素。其他必要的管理方案，以保持NUE在适当的范围内。肥料管理过程中氮素损失是否能成为整个农场氮肥利用效率的控制因素。其他必要的管理方案，以保持NUE在适当的范围内。对北海道中东部4个小规模(每个农场34-42头奶牛)放牧奶农进行访谈，估算其氮平衡并计算氮肥利用效率。利用2022年的数据计算氮肥利用效率和氮盈余。数据包括所有肥料和饲料信息作为氮输入，而牛奶和肉类生产作为氮输出。此外，还收集了农场的基本信息(如面积和放养率)。然后，测量每个农场从牲口棚到施用前不同阶段排泄物样品中的总氮和无机氮(铵态氮和硝酸盐态氮)，以评估粪便管理期间氮的损失量和氮的形态(如铵态氮和硝酸盐态氮)。利用这些数据计算粪便利用效率(施用的粪源氮与排泄物中氮的比值)。许多日本奶农将粪便储存很长一段时间(有时超过几年)以生产成熟的堆肥。因此，了解贮藏期间氮素状态的变化是十分必要的。此外，还记录了粪便处理系统，如料浆的固液分离和曝气方法。结果表明，剩余氮和氮素利用效率分别为37.6 ~ 140 kg/ha/年和25.6 ~ 56.3%。粪便利用效率为0 ~ 38.6%。肥料利用效率越高，氮肥剩余量越低。粪肥利用效率的变化主要是由于农民没有施用全部储存的粪肥和储存过程中氮的潜在损失。粪源氮肥占总氮肥(粪源氮肥、氮肥化肥和其他有机氮肥的总和)的比例为0 ~ 100%。与氮肥利用效率呈正相关(P<0.01)(图1)。粪源氮占总氮肥的比例也与氮剩余呈负相关趋势(图2)。受访的一位农户在研究期间将粪肥堆肥储存在其中一个围场中，但未使用，其粪源氮占总肥料的比例为0%。在以往的研究中，经常报道过剩氮与产奶量呈正相关(Gourley et al. 2012, Toda et al. 2020)。目前的研究显示了类似的趋势，但北海道乳业系统显示的每乳产量的剩余氮比以前的研究报告要少。 北海道乳业系统氮肥施用量较以往研究范围偏低，这是氮肥剩余值较低的原因之一。这与北海道奶牛养殖场地形、气候和养殖模式的高度变异性有关。在北海道，一年中有六个月的时间被雪覆盖。因此，像这样的气候特征将影响农民对农场的投入。此外，所有接受采访的农场显示的氮产量为80 kg N/ha，这些值低于欧盟氮专家小组(EU nitrogen Expert Panel, 2015年欧盟氮专家小组)为使奶牛养殖在经济上可行而推荐的值。我们不打算建议农民增加氮的投入，因为它对生物地球化学循环有潜在的风险。然而，许多日本小型奶牛场可以以提高单位面积的牛奶产量为目标，以提高其国际竞争力(或者理想情况下，牛奶价格必须提高，以支持这种耕作方式)。我们还注意到，在接受采访的四位农民中，有两位正处于转向有机农业的早期阶段。因此，在这个阶段，来自化肥的剩余氮的影响可能会影响我们估计的氮剩余计算。本研究结果表明，能够有效利用粪肥作为肥料的农民具有更好的氮平衡。虽然需要更多的数据来证实这一趋势，但优化粪肥使用以最大限度地减少氮的损失和减少化肥的使用将在实现对生物地球化学循环，特别是氮循环影响较小的农业中发挥重要作用。
{"title":"Different manure management methods impact on nitrogen use efficiency - comparison of four dairy farms in Hokkaido Japan","authors":"Haruka Sato, Yoshitaka Uchida","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e107926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e107926","url":null,"abstract":"To maintain balanced biogeochemical cycles, minimizing the nutrient wastes from agricultural activities is critically important. Agricultural activities such as dairy farming produce large amounts of nitrogen waste in natural ecosystems. The increased nitrogen waste from dairy farming potentially causes environmental damage, such as eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions. To accurately assess these changes in nitrogen wastes from dairy farming systems, measurements of variable parameters related to the nitrogen cycle (e.g., nitrogen gas emissions, nitrogen loss to water ecosystems), but these are time-consuming. Instead, calculating farm gate-level nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a practical method to estimate the nitrogen waste from dairy farming systems. The nitrogen surplus and NUE are calculated based on the difference and ratio between nitrogen input (such as fertilizer and feed) and nitrogen output (such as milk and meat) on each farm. The data needed to calculate the nitrogen input and output can be obtained by interviewing farmers. Thus it is often easier than directly measuring nitrogen cycle parameters. In addition, it is known that excess nitrogen wastes are often related to improper manure management (i.e., manure is not efficiently collected and returned to the farm as nutrients) on dairy farms. In the dairy farming regions in Japan, particularly in Hokkaido, improper manure management can occur because of the short grass growing season and long winter, which means a large amount of manure has to be stored for an extended period. However, few previous studies quantitatively linked manure management and NUE in Japan. Thus, a study was needed to assess the link between manure management styles and the farm gate-level nitrogen surplus and NUE. Using the data from several Japanese dairy farms, we clarified the following: Whether nitrogen losses during manure management can be a controlling factor for the NUE of the whole farm or not. Other management options necessary to keep the NUE within an appropriate range. Whether nitrogen losses during manure management can be a controlling factor for the NUE of the whole farm or not. Other management options necessary to keep the NUE within an appropriate range. Interviews were conducted with four small-scale (34–42 milked cows per farm) grazing dairy farmers in Central and Eastern Hokkaido to estimate their nitrogen balance and calculate NUE. The data for the year 2022 was used to calculate the NUE and nitrogen surplus. The data included all the fertilizer and feed information as nitrogen inputs, while milk and meat production as nitrogen outputs. Also, the basic information about the farm (e.g., area and stocking rates) was collected. Then, the total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium-form nitrogen and nitrate-form nitrogen) in excreta samples at various stages from a barn to pre-application in each farm were measured to assess the amount of nitrogen loss and n","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kateřina Čapková, Klára Řeháková, Tomáš Bešta, Petr Čapek, Jan Mareš, Eliška Konopáčová
We investigated the seasonal variation of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) of periphyton biomass in three post-mining lakes in the Czech Republic. These lakes were established as part of recultivation efforts after coal mining activities and resulted in a unique series of anthropogenic oligotrophic lakes of gradual successional age. Periphyton is ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and performs numerous environmental functions such as nutrient cycling and self-purifying of aquatic ecosystems. Well-developed periphyton mat can be formed within a few weeks, so it can quickly become the dominant of littoral zone of newly established lakes. In studied post-mining lakes, the highly developed periphytic community covers the littoral zone of each lake to the depth of 2m (Bešta et al. 2022, Konopáčová et al. 2023) Fig. 1. We aimed to shed some new light on the processes controlling the dynamics of primary productivity in oligotrophic lakes. The accurate estimation of primary productivity is crucial for understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, as primary productivity serves as the primary source of autochthonous carbon in these systems. In addition to phytoplankton, periphyton can significantly contribute to primary productivity in littoral zones, known for their high productivity and biodiversity. Conducting in situ measurements provides the most accurate means of inferring the metabolic activity of primary producers in littoral zones. We conducted detailed seasonal in-situ periphyton gross primary production (GPP) measurements in three post-mining lakes with different successional ages (Čapková et al. 2022). GPP and NPP of periphytic biomass were determined using direct in-situ measurement of O 2 fluxes. O 2 production and consumption were measured over 5 hours of in-situ light and dark gas-tight glass bottle incubation. Bottles were filled with the lake water from the corresponding depth, and a similar amount of periphytic biomass was enclosed Fig. 2. We used the Fibox3 fibre-optic oxygen meter coupled with a PSt3 oxygen sensor (PreSens, Regensburg, DE) to measure changes in O 2 concentration. The O 2 fluxes were normalized to periphytic biomass in each bottle (measured as total organic carbon). Data were corrected for O 2 concentration changes in dark and light gas-tight bottles containing lake water without periphytic communities. This setup enabled us to monitor online oxygen flux, therefore, insights into metabolic activities. The primary productivity was measured in real-time, allowing us to capture the quantitative effect of various environmental drivers on periphyton productivity, i.e. phosphorus concentration and light intensity, as they are known to play significant roles in primary productivity. We showed that the primary production of periphyton mats exhibited seasonal variations, with higher productivity observed in spring compared to other seasons. This observation could be attributed to the occurrence of winter/spring upwelling e
研究了捷克3个采后湖泊周边植物生物量总生态系统生产力(GEP)的季节变化。这些湖泊是在采煤活动后进行的复垦工作的一部分，形成了一系列独特的逐渐演替的人为少营养湖泊。水生植物普遍存在于水生生境中，具有养分循环、水生生态系统自净等多种环境功能。发育良好的藻席可以在几周内形成，因此它可以迅速成为新建立的湖泊沿岸带的优势。在研究的采矿后湖泊中，高度发达的外围植物群落覆盖了每个湖泊的沿岸地带，深度达到2m (Bešta et al. 2022, Konopáčová et al. 2023)。我们的目的是对控制低营养湖泊初级生产力动态的过程有一些新的认识。由于初级生产力是水生生态系统原生碳的主要来源，因此初级生产力的准确估算对于理解水生生态系统的功能至关重要。除浮游植物外，周边植物对沿海地区的初级生产力也有显著贡献，以其高生产力和生物多样性而闻名。进行现场测量提供了推断沿海地区初级生产者代谢活动的最准确手段。我们在三个不同演替年龄的采矿后湖泊中进行了详细的季节性原位周生植物总初级生产量(GPP)测量(Čapková et al. 2022)。采用直接原位测量o2通量的方法测定了周边植物生物量的GPP和NPP。在光和暗气密玻璃瓶原位孵育5小时内测量o2的产生和消耗。瓶子中装满了相应深度的湖水，类似数量的周围植物生物量如图2所示。我们使用Fibox3光纤氧计与PSt3氧传感器(PreSens, Regensburg, DE)耦合来测量o2浓度的变化。o2通量归一化为每个瓶中的周围植物生物量(以总有机碳测量)。校正了暗光气密瓶中不含周围植物群落湖水的o2浓度变化。这种设置使我们能够在线监测氧通量，从而深入了解代谢活动。初级生产力是实时测量的，使我们能够捕捉到各种环境驱动因素对周围植物生产力的定量影响，即磷浓度和光强度，因为它们在初级生产力中起着重要作用。研究结果表明，浮游植物席的初级生产具有季节性变化，春季的产量高于其他季节。这种现象可归因于冬季/春季上升流事件和垂直混合的发生，这些事件补充了深层地层的营养物质。此外，周围植物的生理活性受光照强度、温度和养分浓度的季节性变化的强烈影响。我们首次深入了解了新建立的采矿后湖泊沿岸地区主导的周围植物组合初级生产力的季节变化。我们强调水生生态系统中浮游生物的重要性，特别是在人为的少营养湖泊中。
{"title":"Seasonal variation of gross ecosystem productivity of periphyton in three post-mining lakes in the Czech Republic, Europe","authors":"Kateřina Čapková, Klára Řeháková, Tomáš Bešta, Petr Čapek, Jan Mareš, Eliška Konopáčová","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108115","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the seasonal variation of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) of periphyton biomass in three post-mining lakes in the Czech Republic. These lakes were established as part of recultivation efforts after coal mining activities and resulted in a unique series of anthropogenic oligotrophic lakes of gradual successional age. Periphyton is ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and performs numerous environmental functions such as nutrient cycling and self-purifying of aquatic ecosystems. Well-developed periphyton mat can be formed within a few weeks, so it can quickly become the dominant of littoral zone of newly established lakes. In studied post-mining lakes, the highly developed periphytic community covers the littoral zone of each lake to the depth of 2m (Bešta et al. 2022, Konopáčová et al. 2023) Fig. 1. We aimed to shed some new light on the processes controlling the dynamics of primary productivity in oligotrophic lakes. The accurate estimation of primary productivity is crucial for understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, as primary productivity serves as the primary source of autochthonous carbon in these systems. In addition to phytoplankton, periphyton can significantly contribute to primary productivity in littoral zones, known for their high productivity and biodiversity. Conducting in situ measurements provides the most accurate means of inferring the metabolic activity of primary producers in littoral zones. We conducted detailed seasonal in-situ periphyton gross primary production (GPP) measurements in three post-mining lakes with different successional ages (Čapková et al. 2022). GPP and NPP of periphytic biomass were determined using direct in-situ measurement of O 2 fluxes. O 2 production and consumption were measured over 5 hours of in-situ light and dark gas-tight glass bottle incubation. Bottles were filled with the lake water from the corresponding depth, and a similar amount of periphytic biomass was enclosed Fig. 2. We used the Fibox3 fibre-optic oxygen meter coupled with a PSt3 oxygen sensor (PreSens, Regensburg, DE) to measure changes in O 2 concentration. The O 2 fluxes were normalized to periphytic biomass in each bottle (measured as total organic carbon). Data were corrected for O 2 concentration changes in dark and light gas-tight bottles containing lake water without periphytic communities. This setup enabled us to monitor online oxygen flux, therefore, insights into metabolic activities. The primary productivity was measured in real-time, allowing us to capture the quantitative effect of various environmental drivers on periphyton productivity, i.e. phosphorus concentration and light intensity, as they are known to play significant roles in primary productivity. We showed that the primary production of periphyton mats exhibited seasonal variations, with higher productivity observed in spring compared to other seasons. This observation could be attributed to the occurrence of winter/spring upwelling e","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Ameen, Birgit Bromberger, Patrick Mester, Alexander Kirschner, Alfred Blaschke, Margaret Stevenson
Groundwater can be contaminated with infective human enteric viruses from various sources, such as wastewater treatment plant discharge, landfills, septic tanks, agricultural practices, and artificial groundwater recharge. Anthropogenic pollutants, such as microplastics, may exhibit an affinity to transport biocolloids (bacteria, viruses) further and reduce their degradation rates in the natural environment. Human enteric viruses (poliovirus, hepatitis A, rotavirus, and adenovirus) can adsorb to the abiotic surface of microplastics and are simultaneously present in wastewater discharge. These newly formed clumps of pathogens and microplastics could penetrate deeper into soils as vectors for preferential flow and threaten groundwater systems, triggering a higher risk for drinking water and possibly followed by a disease outbreak. The mechanisms behind the adsorption of human enteric viruses on microplastic surfaces and their potential role in prolonging virus survival and promoting environmental transport remain unclear. This study aims to explore the possibility of co-transport of microplastics and human enteric viruses in saturated porous media, using PRD1 bacteriophage as a surrogate. PRD1 bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates of rotavirus because they share many fundamental properties and features. Column experiments were performed using quartz sand (soil grain size: 0.60 - 1.30 mm) as a porous media in a 30 cm long and 7 cm diameter column. The column experiments were conducted by maintaining Darcy velocity of 2.65 m/day. Three different influent solution scenarios were considered in the experiments: PRD1 mixed with microplastics, PRD1 alone, and microplastics alone. The enumeration of PRD1 in the effluent solution was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as the culture method, in order to differentiate between infective and inactive virus transport. Microplastics were quantified using Solid-Phase Cytometry (SPC). Results were analyzed by calculating the collision and sticking efficiencies of the microplastics and PRD1 using the classical colloid filtration theory and Hydrus 1D modeling tool. There was no evidence of interference or inhibition of microplastics on the performance of qPCR and DNA extraction in the methodological setup. Additionally, the efficacy of qPCR and DNA extraction methods did not yield significantly different results across any of the influent solution conditions. Preliminary results suggest that the presence of microplastics enhanced the transport of PRD1, which led to reduced attachment of PRD1 in the porous media. The concentration of infective phages showed a delayed sharp increase, indicating that there may be a sorption mechanism that delays their breakthrough. It is possible that a portion of the active phages possess a higher sticking efficiency and that population heterogeneity contributes to this phenomenon. A comprehensive understanding of the processes that gover
{"title":"Co-transport of Microplastics and a surrogate for Human Enteric Viruses in a saturated column packed with Quartz Sand","authors":"Ahmad Ameen, Birgit Bromberger, Patrick Mester, Alexander Kirschner, Alfred Blaschke, Margaret Stevenson","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108005","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater can be contaminated with infective human enteric viruses from various sources, such as wastewater treatment plant discharge, landfills, septic tanks, agricultural practices, and artificial groundwater recharge. Anthropogenic pollutants, such as microplastics, may exhibit an affinity to transport biocolloids (bacteria, viruses) further and reduce their degradation rates in the natural environment. Human enteric viruses (poliovirus, hepatitis A, rotavirus, and adenovirus) can adsorb to the abiotic surface of microplastics and are simultaneously present in wastewater discharge. These newly formed clumps of pathogens and microplastics could penetrate deeper into soils as vectors for preferential flow and threaten groundwater systems, triggering a higher risk for drinking water and possibly followed by a disease outbreak. The mechanisms behind the adsorption of human enteric viruses on microplastic surfaces and their potential role in prolonging virus survival and promoting environmental transport remain unclear. This study aims to explore the possibility of co-transport of microplastics and human enteric viruses in saturated porous media, using PRD1 bacteriophage as a surrogate. PRD1 bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates of rotavirus because they share many fundamental properties and features. Column experiments were performed using quartz sand (soil grain size: 0.60 - 1.30 mm) as a porous media in a 30 cm long and 7 cm diameter column. The column experiments were conducted by maintaining Darcy velocity of 2.65 m/day. Three different influent solution scenarios were considered in the experiments: PRD1 mixed with microplastics, PRD1 alone, and microplastics alone. The enumeration of PRD1 in the effluent solution was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as the culture method, in order to differentiate between infective and inactive virus transport. Microplastics were quantified using Solid-Phase Cytometry (SPC). Results were analyzed by calculating the collision and sticking efficiencies of the microplastics and PRD1 using the classical colloid filtration theory and Hydrus 1D modeling tool. There was no evidence of interference or inhibition of microplastics on the performance of qPCR and DNA extraction in the methodological setup. Additionally, the efficacy of qPCR and DNA extraction methods did not yield significantly different results across any of the influent solution conditions. Preliminary results suggest that the presence of microplastics enhanced the transport of PRD1, which led to reduced attachment of PRD1 in the porous media. The concentration of infective phages showed a delayed sharp increase, indicating that there may be a sorption mechanism that delays their breakthrough. It is possible that a portion of the active phages possess a higher sticking efficiency and that population heterogeneity contributes to this phenomenon. A comprehensive understanding of the processes that gover","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Voskuhl, Hannah Möhlen, Christian Schlautmann, Sadjad Mohammadian, Ann-Christin Severmann, Johannes Koch, John Köhne, Erling Rykkelid, Joachim Rinna, Rainer Meckenstock
Studies on oil reservoir microbiology typically take samples from producing reservoirs and sample fluids that have been pumped to the surface. This comes with problems since producing oil reservoirs are affected by production processes leading to changes in environmental conditions and the natural microbiome. Hence, pumped samples do not display an unaltered picture of the spatial distribution and composition of the microorganisms in the reservoir. We took 13 samples from a freshly drilled sediment core of a pristine, heavily biodegraded oil reservoir in the North Sea. Core samples originated from above, within, and below the reservoir. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the microbiome revealed distinct differences between sediments and formation water, indicating that studies on microbiomes from formation water alone are not necessarily representative for the microbial processes in an oil reservoir. Fluorescence microscopy showed that microorganisms live in small microcolonies on the sediment surface. CT-scanning with image analysis visualized the water phase distribution inside the reservoir sediments and clearly indicated water-filled voids that might be habitable for microorganisms, enlarging the surface for potential biodegradation. Employing microcosm experiments and reverse isotope labelling, we were able to determine the first degradation rates measured from cores above, within, and below a reservoir ranging from no activity up to 1 mM CO 2 /(g sediment x year) , Results indicate significant degradation potential from autochthonous microorganisms in the reservoir above the water-contact-zone. Evading the general issues of produced oil samples for studying microbiomes results in a more realistic picture of an oil reservoir unaffected by production artefacts.
油层微生物学研究通常从生产油藏和泵送到地面的样品流体中取样。这就带来了一些问题，因为生产油藏受到生产过程的影响，导致环境条件和天然微生物群的变化。因此，泵送的样品不能显示储层中微生物的空间分布和组成不变的图像。我们从北海一个原始的、严重生物降解的油藏新钻探的沉积物岩心中提取了13个样本。岩心样品来自储层上方、内部和下方。微生物组的16S rRNA基因扩增子测序显示沉积物和地层水之间存在明显差异，表明仅对地层水微生物组进行研究并不一定能代表油藏中的微生物过程。荧光显微镜显示微生物生活在沉积物表面的小微菌落中。ct扫描和图像分析可视化了水库沉积物内部的水相分布，并清楚地指出了可能适合微生物居住的充满水的空隙，扩大了潜在生物降解的表面。通过微观实验和反同位素标记，我们能够确定从储层上方、内部和下方的岩心中测量到的第一次降解率，范围从无活动到1 mM CO 2 /(g沉积物x年)，结果表明水接触带上方储层中的本地微生物具有显著的降解潜力。为了研究微生物组，避免了采出油样品的一般问题，从而获得了不受生产人工制品影响的油藏的更真实的图像。
{"title":"Microbial activities along a 20 million-year-old pristine oil reservoir","authors":"Lisa Voskuhl, Hannah Möhlen, Christian Schlautmann, Sadjad Mohammadian, Ann-Christin Severmann, Johannes Koch, John Köhne, Erling Rykkelid, Joachim Rinna, Rainer Meckenstock","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108098","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on oil reservoir microbiology typically take samples from producing reservoirs and sample fluids that have been pumped to the surface. This comes with problems since producing oil reservoirs are affected by production processes leading to changes in environmental conditions and the natural microbiome. Hence, pumped samples do not display an unaltered picture of the spatial distribution and composition of the microorganisms in the reservoir. We took 13 samples from a freshly drilled sediment core of a pristine, heavily biodegraded oil reservoir in the North Sea. Core samples originated from above, within, and below the reservoir. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the microbiome revealed distinct differences between sediments and formation water, indicating that studies on microbiomes from formation water alone are not necessarily representative for the microbial processes in an oil reservoir. Fluorescence microscopy showed that microorganisms live in small microcolonies on the sediment surface. CT-scanning with image analysis visualized the water phase distribution inside the reservoir sediments and clearly indicated water-filled voids that might be habitable for microorganisms, enlarging the surface for potential biodegradation. Employing microcosm experiments and reverse isotope labelling, we were able to determine the first degradation rates measured from cores above, within, and below a reservoir ranging from no activity up to 1 mM CO 2 /(g sediment x year) , Results indicate significant degradation potential from autochthonous microorganisms in the reservoir above the water-contact-zone. Evading the general issues of produced oil samples for studying microbiomes results in a more realistic picture of an oil reservoir unaffected by production artefacts.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Athabasca oil sands region in northern Alberta is home to one of the largest bitumen deposits in the world. Oil sands are mostly recovered via surface mining and the oil extraction is achieved with hot caustic water and diluents, a process that produces liquid tailings waste (CEC 2020, Schramm et al. 2000). It is estimated that 1 m 3 of bitumen produces around 4 m 3 of tailings, which are contained in large tailings ponds (Mikula et al. 1996). End-pit lakes are a potential strategy to reclaim mining pits created by oil sands mining. They may be formed by filling a mined-out pit with tailings and then capping it with a layer of fresh water. With time, tailings undergo a dewatering process in which they become denser and release water to the cap water (Charette et al. 2012). Base Mine Lake (BML) is the first full-scale demonstration end-pit lake in the Canadian oil sands industry. This former tailings pond was initially capped in 2012 with a 5 m layer of freshwater to allow for consolidation of the tailings and the stimulation of aerobic microbial communities to biodegrade the organic pollutants. Since its establishment, BML has been extensively monitored to assess the improvement in water quality. The present research focused on determining how the eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML compare to those in local freshwater bodies and active tailings ponds. Eleven reference sites, including freshwater reservoirs, natural lakes, and 9- to 14-year-old excavated pits filled with water, also known as borrow pits, were sampled along with 5 active tailings ponds and BML during the summer of 2022. Microbial communities were assessed via next-generation sequencing of PCR amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes. Alpha-diversity analysis of the eukaryotic communities showed that BML has greater species richness and evenness than active tailings ponds, but lower than freshwater systems. The bacterial community in both BML and active tailings ponds is dominated by Proteobacteria , but the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota is similar between BML and freshwater. Beta-diversity analysis revealed that eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML cluster distinctly from both the freshwater controls and active tailings ponds, however, the composition of the eukaryotic community shows some overlap with certain freshwater systems (Fig. 1). The results of this research suggest that, 10 years after its formation, the microbial communities in BML are intermediate between an active tailings pond and a freshwater lake.
阿尔伯塔省北部的阿萨巴斯卡油砂区是世界上最大的沥青矿床之一。油砂大多通过露天开采回收，石油提取是用热苛性水和稀释剂实现的，这一过程会产生液态尾矿废物(CEC 2020, Schramm et al. 2000)。据估计，1立方米沥青产生约4立方米的尾矿，这些尾矿储存在大型尾矿池中(Mikula等人，1996年)。尾坑湖是回收油砂开采产生的矿坑的一种潜在策略。它们可能是通过用尾矿填满采空区，然后用一层淡水覆盖而形成的。随着时间的推移，尾矿经历了一个脱水过程，在这个过程中，尾矿变得更加致密，并向盖水释放水分(Charette et al. 2012)。基地矿湖(BML)是加拿大油砂行业第一个全尺寸示范矿池。这个前尾矿库最初于2012年覆盖了5米的淡水层，以便尾矿库固结，并刺激好氧微生物群落生物降解有机污染物。自成立以来，BML一直受到广泛监察，以评估水质的改善情况。目前的研究重点是确定BML中的真核生物和细菌群落与当地淡水水体和活性尾矿库中的比较。在2022年夏季，对11个参考点，包括淡水水库、天然湖泊和9至14年的开挖的充满水的坑(也称为借坑)以及5个活性尾矿库和BML进行了采样。通过对细菌的16S rRNA基因和真核生物的18S rRNA基因的PCR扩增子进行新一代测序来评估微生物群落。α -多样性分析表明，尾矿库的物种丰富度和均匀度高于活性尾矿库，但低于淡水系统。BML和活性尾矿库的细菌群落均以变形菌属为主，放线菌属的相对丰度与淡水相似。β -多样性分析显示，BML的真核生物群落和细菌群落与淡水对照区和活性尾矿库都有明显的差异，但真核生物群落的组成与某些淡水系统有一定的重叠(图1)。本研究结果表明，在BML形成10年后，其微生物群落处于活性尾矿库和淡水湖之间。
{"title":"Comparing the microbial communities in and End-pit lake, active tailings ponds and freshwater bodies from the Athabasca oil sands region","authors":"Montserrat Villegas Torres, Peter Dunfield","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108146","url":null,"abstract":"The Athabasca oil sands region in northern Alberta is home to one of the largest bitumen deposits in the world. Oil sands are mostly recovered via surface mining and the oil extraction is achieved with hot caustic water and diluents, a process that produces liquid tailings waste (CEC 2020, Schramm et al. 2000). It is estimated that 1 m 3 of bitumen produces around 4 m 3 of tailings, which are contained in large tailings ponds (Mikula et al. 1996). End-pit lakes are a potential strategy to reclaim mining pits created by oil sands mining. They may be formed by filling a mined-out pit with tailings and then capping it with a layer of fresh water. With time, tailings undergo a dewatering process in which they become denser and release water to the cap water (Charette et al. 2012). Base Mine Lake (BML) is the first full-scale demonstration end-pit lake in the Canadian oil sands industry. This former tailings pond was initially capped in 2012 with a 5 m layer of freshwater to allow for consolidation of the tailings and the stimulation of aerobic microbial communities to biodegrade the organic pollutants. Since its establishment, BML has been extensively monitored to assess the improvement in water quality. The present research focused on determining how the eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML compare to those in local freshwater bodies and active tailings ponds. Eleven reference sites, including freshwater reservoirs, natural lakes, and 9- to 14-year-old excavated pits filled with water, also known as borrow pits, were sampled along with 5 active tailings ponds and BML during the summer of 2022. Microbial communities were assessed via next-generation sequencing of PCR amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes. Alpha-diversity analysis of the eukaryotic communities showed that BML has greater species richness and evenness than active tailings ponds, but lower than freshwater systems. The bacterial community in both BML and active tailings ponds is dominated by Proteobacteria , but the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota is similar between BML and freshwater. Beta-diversity analysis revealed that eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML cluster distinctly from both the freshwater controls and active tailings ponds, however, the composition of the eukaryotic community shows some overlap with certain freshwater systems (Fig. 1). The results of this research suggest that, 10 years after its formation, the microbial communities in BML are intermediate between an active tailings pond and a freshwater lake.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lotta Purkamo, Riikka Kietäväinen, Lukas Kohl, Maija Nuppunen-Puputti, Ellen Lalk, Shuhei Ono, Malin Bomberg
The fluids at black schist-rich bedrock in the Fennoscandian shield have been shown to carry extensive methane (Kietäväinen and Purkamo 2015, Kietäväinen et al. 2017). The sources of methane, abiotic, microbial, thermogenic, or their mixtures, are not well understood (Etiope and Sherwood Lollar 2013, Douglas et al. 2017). While previous field and laboratory studies have concentrated on oxic degradation of relatively low metamorphic grade black shales (e.g., Matlakowska et al. 2012, Petsch et al. 2005), our goal was to explore the genetic potential of microbial communities in naturally anoxic, oligotrophic and moderately saline bedrock fluids in contact with high-metamorphic grade organic carbon containing black schist. We tested if the microbial metabolisms could explain the extensive methane detected from the fluids at black schist -rich bedrock in the Fennoscandian shield. We aimed to determine the difference between abiotic and biotic methane formation in Palaeoproteorozoic bedrock using novel methane isotopologue measurements and evaluate the ability of natural microbial communities to use black schists as a carbon source in enrichment cultures and compare these to the previously reported cultures. Two study sites, namely the Outokumpu Deep Scientific Drill Hole at depth of 1470 m and Juuka/Miihkali116 overflowing deep drill hole in Finland, were selected for comprehensive geochemical and microbiological sampling. The sampling campaign involved collecting samples for methane isotopologues, intrinsic microbial community, and fluid for inoculation of laboratory microcosms. Ground and sterilized black shists of two different maturities obtained from Finnish bedrock, 13 C-labeled graphite, cellulose, acetate and CO 2 were used as different carbon sources for intrinsic deep subsurface fluids, and these microcosms were incubated for 8-20 months. Subsequently, the gas phase of the microcosms was analyzed for CH 4 , CO 2 , N 2 O, O 2 , and N 2 concentrations, as well as isotopic ratios of carbon in CH 4 and CO 2 . Bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities were characterized using phylogenetic marker gene amplicon sequencing from both the intrinsic deep subsurface fluids and the microcosms after the incubation period. The results of this study indicate that methane in these sites is likely formed abiotically, as evidenced by the isotopologue data and the absence of methanogenic archaea in the microbial communities. Moreover, the gas data and isotope ratios obtained from the microcosms suggest that graphitic carbon is predominantly transformed into carbon dioxide rather than methane, further supporting the isotopologue data. Throughout the incubation period, the microbial communities within the microcosms exhibited dynamic changes. Specific microbial groups known for their capacity to utilize complex or recalcitrant organic matter and xenobiotics were observed, indicative of the challenging, oligotrophic and nutrient-deficient subsurface environments.
Fennoscandian盾中富含黑色片岩基岩的流体已被证明携带大量甲烷(Kietäväinen and Purkamo 2015, Kietäväinen et al. 2017)。甲烷的来源(非生物、微生物、热源或它们的混合物)尚未得到很好的了解(Etiope和Sherwood Lollar 2013, Douglas et al. 2017)。虽然之前的现场和实验室研究主要集中在相对低变质等级的黑色页岩的氧化降解上(例如，Matlakowska等人2012年，Petsch等人2005年)，但我们的目标是探索与高变质等级含有机碳的黑色片岩接触的自然缺氧、少营养和中盐基岩流体中微生物群落的遗传潜力。我们测试了微生物代谢是否可以解释在芬诺斯坎地盾富含黑片岩的基岩流体中检测到的大量甲烷。我们的目的是利用新的甲烷同位素测量来确定古元古代基岩中非生物和生物甲烷形成的差异，并评估天然微生物群落在富集培养中利用黑片岩作为碳源的能力，并将这些与先前报道的培养进行比较。选取深度为1470 m的Outokumpu深科学钻孔和芬兰Juuka/Miihkali116溢流深钻孔两个研究点进行综合地球化学和微生物采样。采样活动包括收集甲烷同位素、固有微生物群落和用于接种实验室微生物的液体样本。从芬兰基岩中获得两种不同成熟度的磨碎和灭菌的黑鞘，13种c标记的石墨、纤维素、醋酸盐和CO 2作为内在深层地下流体的不同碳源，并将这些微观世界孵育8-20个月。随后，分析了气相微观世界的ch4、CO 2、n2o、o2和n2浓度，以及ch4和CO 2中碳的同位素比率。利用系统发育标记基因扩增子测序对深层地下流体和孵育后微观环境中的细菌、古细菌和真菌群落进行了特征分析。研究结果表明，这些地点的甲烷可能是非生物形成的，同位素数据和微生物群落中没有产甲烷古菌。此外，显微气体数据和同位素比值表明，石墨碳主要转化为二氧化碳而非甲烷，进一步支持了同位素数据。在整个孵育期间，微观环境内的微生物群落呈现动态变化。研究人员观察到，特定的微生物群以其利用复杂或顽固的有机物和异种生物的能力而著称，这表明地下环境具有挑战性，营养不足和营养不足。此外，还观察到了被视为陆地深层生物圈关键物种的微生物。这项研究揭示了古代黑色页岩中驱动甲烷形成和相关微生物群落的过程。这些发现表明，芬兰古元古代基岩地层中的甲烷主要是非生物来源，强调了微生物碳同化的潜在替代机制以及微生物群落在地下生态系统碳循环中的重要性。
{"title":"Ancient organic matter in black shales as a carbon source for deep subsurface life","authors":"Lotta Purkamo, Riikka Kietäväinen, Lukas Kohl, Maija Nuppunen-Puputti, Ellen Lalk, Shuhei Ono, Malin Bomberg","doi":"10.3897/aca.6.e108123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.6.e108123","url":null,"abstract":"The fluids at black schist-rich bedrock in the Fennoscandian shield have been shown to carry extensive methane (Kietäväinen and Purkamo 2015, Kietäväinen et al. 2017). The sources of methane, abiotic, microbial, thermogenic, or their mixtures, are not well understood (Etiope and Sherwood Lollar 2013, Douglas et al. 2017). While previous field and laboratory studies have concentrated on oxic degradation of relatively low metamorphic grade black shales (e.g., Matlakowska et al. 2012, Petsch et al. 2005), our goal was to explore the genetic potential of microbial communities in naturally anoxic, oligotrophic and moderately saline bedrock fluids in contact with high-metamorphic grade organic carbon containing black schist. We tested if the microbial metabolisms could explain the extensive methane detected from the fluids at black schist -rich bedrock in the Fennoscandian shield. We aimed to determine the difference between abiotic and biotic methane formation in Palaeoproteorozoic bedrock using novel methane isotopologue measurements and evaluate the ability of natural microbial communities to use black schists as a carbon source in enrichment cultures and compare these to the previously reported cultures. Two study sites, namely the Outokumpu Deep Scientific Drill Hole at depth of 1470 m and Juuka/Miihkali116 overflowing deep drill hole in Finland, were selected for comprehensive geochemical and microbiological sampling. The sampling campaign involved collecting samples for methane isotopologues, intrinsic microbial community, and fluid for inoculation of laboratory microcosms. Ground and sterilized black shists of two different maturities obtained from Finnish bedrock, 13 C-labeled graphite, cellulose, acetate and CO 2 were used as different carbon sources for intrinsic deep subsurface fluids, and these microcosms were incubated for 8-20 months. Subsequently, the gas phase of the microcosms was analyzed for CH 4 , CO 2 , N 2 O, O 2 , and N 2 concentrations, as well as isotopic ratios of carbon in CH 4 and CO 2 . Bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities were characterized using phylogenetic marker gene amplicon sequencing from both the intrinsic deep subsurface fluids and the microcosms after the incubation period. The results of this study indicate that methane in these sites is likely formed abiotically, as evidenced by the isotopologue data and the absence of methanogenic archaea in the microbial communities. Moreover, the gas data and isotope ratios obtained from the microcosms suggest that graphitic carbon is predominantly transformed into carbon dioxide rather than methane, further supporting the isotopologue data. Throughout the incubation period, the microbial communities within the microcosms exhibited dynamic changes. Specific microbial groups known for their capacity to utilize complex or recalcitrant organic matter and xenobiotics were observed, indicative of the challenging, oligotrophic and nutrient-deficient subsurface environments.","PeriodicalId":101714,"journal":{"name":"ARPHA Conference Abstracts","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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