Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380
Avantika Singh, Nisha Rathore
An ethical leader is one whose actions and influence processes are consistent with ethical and moral values. Research indicates the effect of the leaders' values on the ethical choices they make. Ethical leadership percolates down to shape the ethical attitudes of people at lower levels, thereby setting the ethical climate of the organization. This paper identifies the imperative for ethical leadership and the manner in which it is manifested in universities and research organizations in India, and suggests an ethical leadership framework for academic and research administrators. The central argument of this paper is that the leader's own value system, attitudes and influence strategies shape employee behavior and set the ethical tone of the organization. This paper is based on literature review and in-depth exploratory interviews with 26 key informants including institutional leaders and members of the top management and middle-level management in four universities and two research organizations in north India. The first part of our ethical leadership framework includes the dimensions of ethical leadership, while the latter part incorporates the outcomes of ethical leadership. The dimensions of ethical leadership include value orientation, attitudes and influence strategies of the leader. The outcomes of ethical leadership are discussed at three levels of organizational behavior, namely, the individual (micro), the work group (meso) and the organization (macro). This paper recommends strategies for research and education planners, policy makers and administrators to build ethical leadership amongst researchers and academics.
{"title":"‘The organization is what the leader is’: An ethical leadership framework for universities and research organizations","authors":"Avantika Singh, Nisha Rathore","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893380","url":null,"abstract":"An ethical leader is one whose actions and influence processes are consistent with ethical and moral values. Research indicates the effect of the leaders' values on the ethical choices they make. Ethical leadership percolates down to shape the ethical attitudes of people at lower levels, thereby setting the ethical climate of the organization. This paper identifies the imperative for ethical leadership and the manner in which it is manifested in universities and research organizations in India, and suggests an ethical leadership framework for academic and research administrators. The central argument of this paper is that the leader's own value system, attitudes and influence strategies shape employee behavior and set the ethical tone of the organization. This paper is based on literature review and in-depth exploratory interviews with 26 key informants including institutional leaders and members of the top management and middle-level management in four universities and two research organizations in north India. The first part of our ethical leadership framework includes the dimensions of ethical leadership, while the latter part incorporates the outcomes of ethical leadership. The dimensions of ethical leadership include value orientation, attitudes and influence strategies of the leader. The outcomes of ethical leadership are discussed at three levels of organizational behavior, namely, the individual (micro), the work group (meso) and the organization (macro). This paper recommends strategies for research and education planners, policy makers and administrators to build ethical leadership amongst researchers and academics.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126659621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893388
J. Millar
In this paper I argue that in cases where technologies provide material answers to moral questions that arise in the use context, they can and should be characterized as moral proxies acting on behalf of a person. Because of this we can accurately characterize the moral link between designers, artefacts and users as a relationship of a particularly moral kind. Moral proxies of the human kind have been a topic of analysis for some time in healthcare and bioethics, making them a good starting point for thinking about moral proxies of the artefactual kind. I draw from bioethics and STS literatures to build an analogy between human moral proxies in healthcare and artefactual moral proxies. I then turn my attention to design ethics considerations. If we accept that artefacts can function as moral proxies it becomes important to recognize that designers can subject users to paternalistic relationships that are ethically problematic. I demonstrate how we can use a proxy analysis as a tool for evaluating technologies. I argue that there are situations in which engineers should use proxy analysis to avoid paternalism by design while simultaneously improving user autonomy.
{"title":"Technology as moral proxy: Autonomy and paternalism by design","authors":"J. Millar","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893388","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I argue that in cases where technologies provide material answers to moral questions that arise in the use context, they can and should be characterized as moral proxies acting on behalf of a person. Because of this we can accurately characterize the moral link between designers, artefacts and users as a relationship of a particularly moral kind. Moral proxies of the human kind have been a topic of analysis for some time in healthcare and bioethics, making them a good starting point for thinking about moral proxies of the artefactual kind. I draw from bioethics and STS literatures to build an analogy between human moral proxies in healthcare and artefactual moral proxies. I then turn my attention to design ethics considerations. If we accept that artefacts can function as moral proxies it becomes important to recognize that designers can subject users to paternalistic relationships that are ethically problematic. I demonstrate how we can use a proxy analysis as a tool for evaluating technologies. I argue that there are situations in which engineers should use proxy analysis to avoid paternalism by design while simultaneously improving user autonomy.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116245583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893405
Michael Davis
The questions considered here is: how should engineers interpret “public” in provisions of codes of engineering ethics? Should engineers interpret “public” as ending at the national or juridical border of their own country? Or are the obligations of an engineer to the public “international”, “global”, or otherwise “cosmopolitan”? My answer has two main parts. The first is that we should understand “public” to refer to all those whose lack of information, technical knowledge, ability, or time for deliberation renders them more or less vulnerable to the powers engineers wield on behalf of their client or employer - those whom, for convenience, I shall call “the innocent”. The second part of my answer is that “innocence” should not be limited by jurisdiction, citizenship, space, or even time.
{"title":"Does “public” mean an engineer's nation?","authors":"Michael Davis","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893405","url":null,"abstract":"The questions considered here is: how should engineers interpret “public” in provisions of codes of engineering ethics? Should engineers interpret “public” as ending at the national or juridical border of their own country? Or are the obligations of an engineer to the public “international”, “global”, or otherwise “cosmopolitan”? My answer has two main parts. The first is that we should understand “public” to refer to all those whose lack of information, technical knowledge, ability, or time for deliberation renders them more or less vulnerable to the powers engineers wield on behalf of their client or employer - those whom, for convenience, I shall call “the innocent”. The second part of my answer is that “innocence” should not be limited by jurisdiction, citizenship, space, or even time.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893448
M. Mladenović, M. Abbas, T. McPherson
Converging effect of communication, sensing, and in-vehicle computing technology has ensured potential to develop large-scale deployment of self-driving vehicles. Considering the potential impact of this technology, the approach for development cannot overlook needs regarding sustainability and social considerations. This paper argues that control technology for self-driving vehicles has both direct and indirect effect on fundamental human rights, and that the anthropocentric design perspective is a necessary ethical approach. Furthermore, we present current perspectives on operational principles, and relevant theoretical and empirical social implications. We conclude that there is potential for development of traffic-control principles for self-driving vehicles on the basis of mutually-advantageous cooperative production. Finally, we present several important areas for further investigation.
{"title":"Development of socially sustainable traffic-control principles for self-driving vehicles: The ethics of anthropocentric design","authors":"M. Mladenović, M. Abbas, T. McPherson","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893448","url":null,"abstract":"Converging effect of communication, sensing, and in-vehicle computing technology has ensured potential to develop large-scale deployment of self-driving vehicles. Considering the potential impact of this technology, the approach for development cannot overlook needs regarding sustainability and social considerations. This paper argues that control technology for self-driving vehicles has both direct and indirect effect on fundamental human rights, and that the anthropocentric design perspective is a necessary ethical approach. Furthermore, we present current perspectives on operational principles, and relevant theoretical and empirical social implications. We conclude that there is potential for development of traffic-control principles for self-driving vehicles on the basis of mutually-advantageous cooperative production. Finally, we present several important areas for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893414
R. Arkin, Matthias Scheutz, L. Tickle-Degnen
This paper provides an overview of an ongoing NSF project that is intended to improve the long-term quality of care for patients suffering from early stage Parkinson's disease. Due to facial masking in the patient, a stigmatization often occurs in their relationship with the caregiver due to the inability to adequately perceive the patient's emotional state. We are developing robot co-mediators to assist in the transmission of this information through the use of artificial moral emotions that trigger suitable proxemic expressions in the robot, with the goal of ensuring that the quality of the patient-caregiver relationship is preserved.
{"title":"Preserving dignity in patient caregiver relationships using moral emotions and robots","authors":"R. Arkin, Matthias Scheutz, L. Tickle-Degnen","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893414","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of an ongoing NSF project that is intended to improve the long-term quality of care for patients suffering from early stage Parkinson's disease. Due to facial masking in the patient, a stigmatization often occurs in their relationship with the caregiver due to the inability to adequately perceive the patient's emotional state. We are developing robot co-mediators to assist in the transmission of this information through the use of artificial moral emotions that trigger suitable proxemic expressions in the robot, with the goal of ensuring that the quality of the patient-caregiver relationship is preserved.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124962846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893379
C. Bertha
Imagine the following three-variable Venn diagram: One circle represents the field of applied and professional ethics, a second circle represents military operations, and the third circle represents the practice of engineering, particularly construction projects. We can, without much difficulty, picture what the overlapping areas between any two circles refer to: engineering ethics, military ethics and military engineering. What I would like to address in this paper is the area common to all three circles: is there room for a unique field of ethics called “military engineering ethics”? I contend that there is, and in this presentation I propose to sketch out why and what that might look like.
{"title":"Ethics and military engineering operations","authors":"C. Bertha","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893379","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine the following three-variable Venn diagram: One circle represents the field of applied and professional ethics, a second circle represents military operations, and the third circle represents the practice of engineering, particularly construction projects. We can, without much difficulty, picture what the overlapping areas between any two circles refer to: engineering ethics, military ethics and military engineering. What I would like to address in this paper is the area common to all three circles: is there room for a unique field of ethics called “military engineering ethics”? I contend that there is, and in this presentation I propose to sketch out why and what that might look like.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127895111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893392
N. McBride, B. Stahl
This paper develops a framework for responsible research and innovation (RRI) in robot design for roboticists from a study of the processes involved in the design and engineering of a range of robots including standard manufacturing robots, humanoid robots, environmental scanning robots and robot swarms. The importance of an iterative approach to design, the nature of transitions between design phases, and issues of uncertainty and complexity are examined for their ethical content. A cycle of RRI thinking based on reconnoitre, realisation, reflection, response and review is described which aligns with the general characterisation of robot engineering processes. Additionally the importance of supporting communities, knowledge bases and tools for assessment and analysis is noted.
{"title":"Developing responsible research and innovation for robotics","authors":"N. McBride, B. Stahl","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893392","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a framework for responsible research and innovation (RRI) in robot design for roboticists from a study of the processes involved in the design and engineering of a range of robots including standard manufacturing robots, humanoid robots, environmental scanning robots and robot swarms. The importance of an iterative approach to design, the nature of transitions between design phases, and issues of uncertainty and complexity are examined for their ethical content. A cycle of RRI thinking based on reconnoitre, realisation, reflection, response and review is described which aligns with the general characterisation of robot engineering processes. Additionally the importance of supporting communities, knowledge bases and tools for assessment and analysis is noted.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130707820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893430
Christine G. Nicometo, Traci M. Nathans-Kelly, B. Skarzynski
Given the range and complexity of ethical dilemmas arising in professional workplaces, engineering educators attempting to bring elements of ethics instruction into their courses and majors must convince undergraduates that discussion cases used for in-class reflection represent reality in the working world. To support this teaching approach, it is often useful to pull in evidence and voices from practicing engineers to lend credibility to engineering ethics discussions. However, our NSF-funded study revealed some surprising results about the ways in which practicing engineers viewed their own perceptions of what ethics are and are not. Thus, if practicing engineers themselves are not quite clear about how to articulate ethical issues, we should wonder how to use their case studies to the best possible end in the classroom. We discovered that a slight shift in vocabulary, speaking of “quality” or “integrity” instead of “ethics” with practicing engineers triggered recognition of ethical dilemmas. Those words resonate with engineers, and we propose that similar shifts in teaching can open up new vistas of understanding and application in undergraduate engineering ethics teaching.
{"title":"Mind the gap: Using lessons learned from practicing engineers to teach engineering ethics to undergraduates","authors":"Christine G. Nicometo, Traci M. Nathans-Kelly, B. Skarzynski","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893430","url":null,"abstract":"Given the range and complexity of ethical dilemmas arising in professional workplaces, engineering educators attempting to bring elements of ethics instruction into their courses and majors must convince undergraduates that discussion cases used for in-class reflection represent reality in the working world. To support this teaching approach, it is often useful to pull in evidence and voices from practicing engineers to lend credibility to engineering ethics discussions. However, our NSF-funded study revealed some surprising results about the ways in which practicing engineers viewed their own perceptions of what ethics are and are not. Thus, if practicing engineers themselves are not quite clear about how to articulate ethical issues, we should wonder how to use their case studies to the best possible end in the classroom. We discovered that a slight shift in vocabulary, speaking of “quality” or “integrity” instead of “ethics” with practicing engineers triggered recognition of ethical dilemmas. Those words resonate with engineers, and we propose that similar shifts in teaching can open up new vistas of understanding and application in undergraduate engineering ethics teaching.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"523 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893409
Megan W. Kenny Feister, C. Zoltowski, Patrice M. Buzzanell, Qin Zhu, W. Oakes
Multidisciplinary project teams in engineering education allow students to gain experience with engineering on a professional and practical level, while still maintaining a supportive learning environment. This context reflects the team-based and multidisciplinary nature of much professional engineering work. In an increasingly complex environment that requires collaboration across cultures and disciplines, training for young engineers must prepare them not only to be able to work effectively with diverse groups of people, but also to become ethical decision makers in this ethically complex environment. As ethics plays a major role in students' work and learning in engineering education, it is important to examine how they understand and interpret ethical issues as they are encountered, as well as how academic programs shape and frame these issues as students begin to develop the ethical decision making skills that will guide them throughout their careers. This paper examines the reflexive nature of how students interpret and make sense of their work in an engineering education context, and how this context may impact students' development and understanding of ethical decision making. The authors examine multidisciplinary project teams in different engineering education programs to see how students in these teams relate to one another, to the team itself, and how they understand ethics in this context.
{"title":"Making sense of ethics in engineering education: A discursive examination of students' perceptions of work and ethics on multidisciplinary project teams","authors":"Megan W. Kenny Feister, C. Zoltowski, Patrice M. Buzzanell, Qin Zhu, W. Oakes","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893409","url":null,"abstract":"Multidisciplinary project teams in engineering education allow students to gain experience with engineering on a professional and practical level, while still maintaining a supportive learning environment. This context reflects the team-based and multidisciplinary nature of much professional engineering work. In an increasingly complex environment that requires collaboration across cultures and disciplines, training for young engineers must prepare them not only to be able to work effectively with diverse groups of people, but also to become ethical decision makers in this ethically complex environment. As ethics plays a major role in students' work and learning in engineering education, it is important to examine how they understand and interpret ethical issues as they are encountered, as well as how academic programs shape and frame these issues as students begin to develop the ethical decision making skills that will guide them throughout their careers. This paper examines the reflexive nature of how students interpret and make sense of their work in an engineering education context, and how this context may impact students' development and understanding of ethical decision making. The authors examine multidisciplinary project teams in different engineering education programs to see how students in these teams relate to one another, to the team itself, and how they understand ethics in this context.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116860157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893447
L. Varshney
Engineering is often concerned with solving problems and creating solutions to challenges faced by humanity. Engineering approaches that were central to improving life in past centuries dealt with problems of scarcity: how to grow more food, how to allow greater communication among people, how to transport goods more quickly, or how to generate more power. As evidenced by the industrial revolution, the green revolution, and the information revolution, these purely technical approaches to engineering have transformed the world. The engineering successes of past centuries, however, have given rise to new engineering challenges that are not just technical but sociotechnical in scope. These new challenges are problems of excess rather than of scarcity-problems such as obesity, information overload, and climate change. People's behaviors are critical in large-scale sociotechnical systems and engineers must necessarily consider interactions between people and technical systems when considering these problems. Since engineering designs for problems of excess require consideration and potential modification of human behavior, they may appear to be dehumanizing and mechanistic. Drawing on the biomedical ethics framework of Beauchamp and Childress, we discuss several technologies for addressing problems of excess in terms of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.
{"title":"Engineering for problems of excess","authors":"L. Varshney","doi":"10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893447","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering is often concerned with solving problems and creating solutions to challenges faced by humanity. Engineering approaches that were central to improving life in past centuries dealt with problems of scarcity: how to grow more food, how to allow greater communication among people, how to transport goods more quickly, or how to generate more power. As evidenced by the industrial revolution, the green revolution, and the information revolution, these purely technical approaches to engineering have transformed the world. The engineering successes of past centuries, however, have given rise to new engineering challenges that are not just technical but sociotechnical in scope. These new challenges are problems of excess rather than of scarcity-problems such as obesity, information overload, and climate change. People's behaviors are critical in large-scale sociotechnical systems and engineers must necessarily consider interactions between people and technical systems when considering these problems. Since engineering designs for problems of excess require consideration and potential modification of human behavior, they may appear to be dehumanizing and mechanistic. Drawing on the biomedical ethics framework of Beauchamp and Childress, we discuss several technologies for addressing problems of excess in terms of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice.","PeriodicalId":101738,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117084414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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