Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp37-49
A. Qadir
The law-making process as a whole vested in the legislative power in the presidential form of government, however in the parliamentary form of government, the executive power participates in the law-making through introducing bills along with legislative initiatives. The Constitution in Iraq grants an original authority to legislate federal laws to the Council of Representatives, however the executive power namely the President and the Council of Ministries participates in the process through introducing government bills to the Council of Representatives. Although the Constitution clearly identifies two methods through which bills shall be presented to the Council of Representatives, there have been disagreements over the constitutionality of laws legislated based legislative initiatives not government bills. The Federal Supreme Court has decided differently on different occasions by depriving the legislative power of its right to initiate in some cases or by putting restrictions in some other cases. This research analyzes the line drawn between the Council of Representatives and the executive power in the process of law-making at its first stage and then examines the Federal Supreme Court’s understanding in the light of the text of the Constitution.
{"title":"The Judicial Review of Law-Making Process in Iraq under the Constitution of Republic of Iraq-2005","authors":"A. Qadir","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp37-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp37-49","url":null,"abstract":"The law-making process as a whole vested in the legislative power in the presidential form of government, however in the parliamentary form of government, the executive power participates in the law-making through introducing bills along with legislative initiatives. The Constitution in Iraq grants an original authority to legislate federal laws to the Council of Representatives, however the executive power namely the President and the Council of Ministries participates in the process through introducing government bills to the Council of Representatives. Although the Constitution clearly identifies two methods through which bills shall be presented to the Council of Representatives, there have been disagreements over the constitutionality of laws legislated based legislative initiatives not government bills. The Federal Supreme Court has decided differently on different occasions by depriving the legislative power of its right to initiate in some cases or by putting restrictions in some other cases. This research analyzes the line drawn between the Council of Representatives and the executive power in the process of law-making at its first stage and then examines the Federal Supreme Court’s understanding in the light of the text of the Constitution.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132121473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp50-57
Baru Peter Muriuki, Zachariah Kariuki, Lucy W. Ndegwa, J. Njoka
The objective of this study was to establish the influence of teacher-student relationship on loneliness among secondary school students. The study was carried out in sub county public schools in Murang’a County, central region of Kenya. A cross sectional survey design was used. Stratified random sampling was used to get a sample of 592 participants from eight sub counties in Murang’a County. Loneliness was measured using Perth aloneness loneliness scale (PALs) while teacher-student relationship (TSR) was measured using ten statements with graded responses in a five point Likert scale developed for this study. The PAL and TSR scales together with personal data questions formed sections of self administered questionnaire. Administration of the questionnaire was done during normal school days by research assistants. The data was coded and analyzed using statistic program for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings were that TSR was inversely and highly significantly related to loneliness. Regression analysis revealed that TSR predicts 16.2% of loneliness among students. The results are discussed in relation to implications in teacher training curriculum and loneliness counseling in schools.
{"title":"Influence of Teacher-Student Relationships on Students’ Loneliness in Coeducational and Single-Gender Public Secondary Schools in Kenya: a case of Murang’a County","authors":"Baru Peter Muriuki, Zachariah Kariuki, Lucy W. Ndegwa, J. Njoka","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp50-57","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to establish the influence of teacher-student relationship on loneliness among secondary school students. The study was carried out in sub county public schools in Murang’a County, central region of Kenya. A cross sectional survey design was used. Stratified random sampling was used to get a sample of 592 participants from eight sub counties in Murang’a County. Loneliness was measured using Perth aloneness loneliness scale (PALs) while teacher-student relationship (TSR) was measured using ten statements with graded responses in a five point Likert scale developed for this study. The PAL and TSR scales together with personal data questions formed sections of self administered questionnaire. Administration of the questionnaire was done during normal school days by research assistants. The data was coded and analyzed using statistic program for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings were that TSR was inversely and highly significantly related to loneliness. Regression analysis revealed that TSR predicts 16.2% of loneliness among students. The results are discussed in relation to implications in teacher training curriculum and loneliness counseling in schools.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp27-36
akram Humoodi Abdulwahab, Baroz Aziz, Dana Khidhir
Throughout the production and reservoir lifecycle, the asphaltene precipitation is an ever existing problem through changing the porosity, permeability and wettability leading to decline in production. The conditions that govern Asphaltene precipitation varies from well to well and from reservoir conditions of high pressure and temperature to surface conditions and need to be studied case by case. The modeling and predicting the phase behavior and precipitation of Asphaltene is paramount for wells in Kurdistan region as it is developing its oil and gas industry. Crude oil samples from three wells in Kurdistan Region-Iraq were selected for this study. Experimental data such as crude oil composition using Gas Chromatography, PVT analysis and reservoir pressure and temperature were used as input data into Computer Modeling Group CMG simulator and a model of Asphaltene phase behavior was suggested. The model suggests that the maximum precipitation occurs near the bubble point pressure at reservoir conditions. This is validated and compared with results in literature indicating similar behavior of crude oil. To predict the Asphaltene precipitation at surface condition a modified Colloidal Instability Index CII were used and the results were validated by De Bore plot
{"title":"A Study of Asphaltene Precipitation Problem in some wells in Kurdistan Region","authors":"akram Humoodi Abdulwahab, Baroz Aziz, Dana Khidhir","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the production and reservoir lifecycle, the asphaltene precipitation is an ever existing problem through changing the porosity, permeability and wettability leading to decline in production. The conditions that govern Asphaltene precipitation varies from well to well and from reservoir conditions of high pressure and temperature to surface conditions and need to be studied case by case. The modeling and predicting the phase behavior and precipitation of Asphaltene is paramount for wells in Kurdistan region as it is developing its oil and gas industry. Crude oil samples from three wells in Kurdistan Region-Iraq were selected for this study. Experimental data such as crude oil composition using Gas Chromatography, PVT analysis and reservoir pressure and temperature were used as input data into Computer Modeling Group CMG simulator and a model of Asphaltene phase behavior was suggested. The model suggests that the maximum precipitation occurs near the bubble point pressure at reservoir conditions. This is validated and compared with results in literature indicating similar behavior of crude oil. To predict the Asphaltene precipitation at surface condition a modified Colloidal Instability Index CII were used and the results were validated by De Bore plot","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134029338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp15-26
A. Abdullah, S. Ali, Ramadhan J. Mstafa, V. Haji
Digital communication has become a vital part of daily life nowadays, many applications are using internet-based communication and here the importance of security rose to have a secure communication between two parties to prevent authorized access to sensitive data. These requirements led to a number of research in information security that has been done in the past two decades. Cryptography and steganography are the two main methods that are being used for information security. Cryptography refers to techniques that encrypt a message to be sent to a destination using different methods to be done. On the other hand, steganography is the science of hiding information from others using another cover message or media such as image, audio, video, and DNA sequence. This paper proposed a new method to hide information in an image using the least significant bit (LSB) based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme used properties of DNA sequence when codons that consist of three nucleotides are translated to proteins. The LSB of two pixels from the image are taken to represent a codon and then translate them to protein. The secret message bits are injected into codons before the translation process which slightly distorts the image and makes the image less suspicious and hard to detect the hidden message. The experimental results indicate the effeteness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Image steganography based on DNA sequence translation properties","authors":"A. Abdullah, S. Ali, Ramadhan J. Mstafa, V. Haji","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp15-26","url":null,"abstract":"Digital communication has become a vital part of daily life nowadays, many applications are using internet-based communication and here the importance of security rose to have a secure communication between two parties to prevent authorized access to sensitive data. These requirements led to a number of research in information security that has been done in the past two decades. Cryptography and steganography are the two main methods that are being used for information security. Cryptography refers to techniques that encrypt a message to be sent to a destination using different methods to be done. On the other hand, steganography is the science of hiding information from others using another cover message or media such as image, audio, video, and DNA sequence. This paper proposed a new method to hide information in an image using the least significant bit (LSB) based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme used properties of DNA sequence when codons that consist of three nucleotides are translated to proteins. The LSB of two pixels from the image are taken to represent a codon and then translate them to protein. The secret message bits are injected into codons before the translation process which slightly distorts the image and makes the image less suspicious and hard to detect the hidden message. The experimental results indicate the effeteness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134112127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the upsurge of technological developments escorted with scale economies, the electronic industry has decidedly growing and brought one of the major environmental problem known as electronic waste or e-waste. In particular, this study investigates the public awareness about e-waste and the level of engagement in e-waste management practices. The survey covers household heads, general service department workers and higher governmental officials of Addis Ababa. The findings discovered that households’ level of awareness about e-waste and its management was much lower than the general service department personnel and higher governmental officials. Evidently, the ordinal regression outputs has revealed statistically significant results between the sub-cities as well as the educational institutions and governmental sector offices. It also appears that respondent’s educational qualifications and monthly incomes had unequivocally affects the awareness and engagement level. E-waste is considered and treated like other types of municipal solid wastes. It is ostensible that there were newly purchased electronic equipment but which are not yet serviceable due to the absence of manuals, their sizes and designs and lack of knowhow. Therefore, in view of these veracities, the study discernibly highlighted the implications of the existing status and suggests certain recommendations to raise public awareness on e-waste.
{"title":"Public awareness, involvement, and practices in electronic waste management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Abenezer Wakuma Kitila, Solomon Mulugeta Woldemikael","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp21-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp21-36","url":null,"abstract":"Following the upsurge of technological developments escorted with scale economies, the electronic industry has decidedly growing and brought one of the major environmental problem known as electronic waste or e-waste. In particular, this study investigates the public awareness about e-waste and the level of engagement in e-waste management practices. The survey covers household heads, general service department workers and higher governmental officials of Addis Ababa. The findings discovered that households’ level of awareness about e-waste and its management was much lower than the general service department personnel and higher governmental officials. Evidently, the ordinal regression outputs has revealed statistically significant results between the sub-cities as well as the educational institutions and governmental sector offices. It also appears that respondent’s educational qualifications and monthly incomes had unequivocally affects the awareness and engagement level. E-waste is considered and treated like other types of municipal solid wastes. It is ostensible that there were newly purchased electronic equipment but which are not yet serviceable due to the absence of manuals, their sizes and designs and lack of knowhow. Therefore, in view of these veracities, the study discernibly highlighted the implications of the existing status and suggests certain recommendations to raise public awareness on e-waste.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp45-56
Bira Wafaei Baneh, Koosha Wafaei Baneh
Referring to the fact that the history of each country is the identity of its people and the preservation of originality and culture is also considered as a social value, the maintenance of valuable historical monuments, which indicates the path to the growth of human civilization, is of particular importance. Each country is trying to prevent the destruction of its historic buildings and cultural heritage by applying various methods of reparation and retrofitting. Iran, as a country with an ancient civilization, is a heritage of many valuable historical monuments. Traditional construction materials included masonry materials such as clay and mud, stone, wood and brick, and due to the weakness in physical structure and their low shear capacity and tensile strength, these materials do not have strength for example against strong forces from earthquakes and are suffered heavy damages. Unfortunately, in our country, fundamental work has not been performed on historical sites and complexes so far, and practically, the measures have been taken without any improvement in the structural performance of the buildings. Using special technical and specialized methods, the seismic behavior of such buildings could be enhanced against the seismic forces caused by the earthquake, and minimize the damage on the historical buildings to the least possible extent by strengthening historical monuments. In this paper, by separating the components, we examine a number of strengthening methods belonging to each of them.
{"title":"Review of the Methods for Strengthening and Retrofitting Cultural Heritage Structures","authors":"Bira Wafaei Baneh, Koosha Wafaei Baneh","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp45-56","url":null,"abstract":"Referring to the fact that the history of each country is the identity of its people and the preservation of originality and culture is also considered as a social value, the maintenance of valuable historical monuments, which indicates the path to the growth of human civilization, is of particular importance. Each country is trying to prevent the destruction of its historic buildings and cultural heritage by applying various methods of reparation and retrofitting. Iran, as a country with an ancient civilization, is a heritage of many valuable historical monuments. Traditional construction materials included masonry materials such as clay and mud, stone, wood and brick, and due to the weakness in physical structure and their low shear capacity and tensile strength, these materials do not have strength for example against strong forces from earthquakes and are suffered heavy damages. Unfortunately, in our country, fundamental work has not been performed on historical sites and complexes so far, and practically, the measures have been taken without any improvement in the structural performance of the buildings. Using special technical and specialized methods, the seismic behavior of such buildings could be enhanced against the seismic forces caused by the earthquake, and minimize the damage on the historical buildings to the least possible extent by strengthening historical monuments. In this paper, by separating the components, we examine a number of strengthening methods belonging to each of them.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128995515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp57-68
Lanja H. Abdullah, V. Sissakian
Qara Dagh anticline is one of the main anticlines in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with NW – SE trend. It is a double plunging anticline almost symmetrical and consists of six minor anticlines some of them exhibit en-echelon plunges. The anticline shows many indications of lateral growth which indicate Neotectonic activities. Among those indications is the Darbendi Bazian abandoned alluvial fan. In this study, the details of the fan are presented and discussed as interpreted from satellite images. The interpreted data is checked in the field and it is found that the alluvial fan is a large fan showing typical symmetrical fan. It is a single stage fan covered by fine materials. The thickness of the fan ranges from (2.5 – 6) m, whereas its length and width are 4.18 km and 1.35 km, respectively. The fan was originated from Tinal stream which was draining the area behind the apex towards south and south west and nowadays flows in an opposite direction. The alluvial fan’s geometry, constituents, genesis and mode of deposition are given and discussed.
Qara - Dagh背斜是伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的主要背斜之一，走向为北西-东南。它是一个几乎对称的双倾伏背斜，由6个小背斜组成，其中一些背斜呈雁列状。背斜显示出许多侧向生长的迹象，表明新构造活动。这些迹象之一就是达尔本迪巴济废弃的冲积扇。在这项研究中，风扇的细节是由卫星图像解释和讨论。对现场解释资料进行了校核，发现该冲积扇为大型扇，具有典型的对称扇。它是一种单级风机，由细料覆盖。扇的厚度为2.5 - 6 m，长度和宽度分别为4.18 km和1.35 km。扇形起源于终末流，终末流将顶部后方的区域向南和西南方向排水，现在则向相反方向流动。给出并讨论了冲积扇的几何形状、组成、成因和沉积方式。
{"title":"The Darbendi Bazian Abandoned Alluvial Fan. An Indication for the Lateral Growth of Qara Dagh Anticline, SW Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq.","authors":"Lanja H. Abdullah, V. Sissakian","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp57-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp57-68","url":null,"abstract":"Qara Dagh anticline is one of the main anticlines in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with NW – SE trend. It is a double plunging anticline almost symmetrical and consists of six minor anticlines some of them exhibit en-echelon plunges. The anticline shows many indications of lateral growth which indicate Neotectonic activities. Among those indications is the Darbendi Bazian abandoned alluvial fan. In this study, the details of the fan are presented and discussed as interpreted from satellite images. The interpreted data is checked in the field and it is found that the alluvial fan is a large fan showing typical symmetrical fan. It is a single stage fan covered by fine materials. The thickness of the fan ranges from (2.5 – 6) m, whereas its length and width are 4.18 km and 1.35 km, respectively. The fan was originated from Tinal stream which was draining the area behind the apex towards south and south west and nowadays flows in an opposite direction. The alluvial fan’s geometry, constituents, genesis and mode of deposition are given and discussed.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123016792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp58-68
Neven Alsalihi, S. Al-Najjar
It is widely accepted that human security is one of the latest, most critical topics in the political science literature and international relations. This concept proposes that the origin or goal of security provision must be human beings. In fact, human security has the concept of 'the human' embedded at the heart of it.With a more extensive interpretation, human security has extended the scope of security and has assessed social and economic issues within this framework. Understanding human security requires the comprehension of its conceptual evolution process. As such, the main issue covered in the current study was understanding the nature of conceptual evolutions of human security in two periods before and after the Cold War. To realize this issue, we evaluated some of the most important international efforts and documents related to the concept and derived the significant factors and subcategories in two periods. Despite following the evolutionary process of human security and becoming one of the most important security discourses, this concept still deals with serious challenges in conceptual and functional areas. Therefore, the second and main question of the present study was: what is the nature of key challenges of human security discourse at national and international levels? To answer this question, we used the exploratory approach and a descriptive-analytical method to explain the most important challenges facing human security in conceptual and functional dimensions.
{"title":"Conceptual Evolution and Fundamental Challenges in Transition from Cold War Security Discourse and Emergence of Human Security Discourse in the Age of Globalization","authors":"Neven Alsalihi, S. Al-Najjar","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp58-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp58-68","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that human security is one of the latest, most critical topics in the political science literature and international relations. This concept proposes that the origin or goal of security provision must be human beings. In fact, human security has the concept of 'the human' embedded at the heart of it.With a more extensive interpretation, human security has extended the scope of security and has assessed social and economic issues within this framework. Understanding human security requires the comprehension of its conceptual evolution process. As such, the main issue covered in the current study was understanding the nature of conceptual evolutions of human security in two periods before and after the Cold War. To realize this issue, we evaluated some of the most important international efforts and documents related to the concept and derived the significant factors and subcategories in two periods. Despite following the evolutionary process of human security and becoming one of the most important security discourses, this concept still deals with serious challenges in conceptual and functional areas. Therefore, the second and main question of the present study was: what is the nature of key challenges of human security discourse at national and international levels? To answer this question, we used the exploratory approach and a descriptive-analytical method to explain the most important challenges facing human security in conceptual and functional dimensions.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125740021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp1-20
Younes Brumand, Masoomeh Asghari Firuz Salary
In this paper, we analyze the interactions among workers, employers, and the government in the Iranian labor market using game theory. For this purpose, different games among the factors affecting the labor market are analyzed in both static and dynamic situations. In each case, intervention and non-intervention of the government are also examined. Thus, four different types of games are studied, including a static game between worker and employer, without government intervention; a static game among workers, employers, and the government; a dynamic game between worker and employer, without government intervention; and a dynamic game among workers, employers, and the government. In the first three games, Nash equilibrium implies low productivity of worker, low employer’s profits, and high unemployment rate in which players want to maintain the status quo. However, in the dynamic game among workers, employers, and the government, the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the game can provide some conditions in which the labor market gets away from the low productivity situation
{"title":"A Game Theoretic Model of Iranian Labor Market","authors":"Younes Brumand, Masoomeh Asghari Firuz Salary","doi":"10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp1-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp1-20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the interactions among workers, employers, and the government in the Iranian labor market using game theory. For this purpose, different games among the factors affecting the labor market are analyzed in both static and dynamic situations. In each case, intervention and non-intervention of the government are also examined. Thus, four different types of games are studied, including a static game between worker and employer, without government intervention; a static game among workers, employers, and the government; a dynamic game between worker and employer, without government intervention; and a dynamic game among workers, employers, and the government. In the first three games, Nash equilibrium implies low productivity of worker, low employer’s profits, and high unemployment rate in which players want to maintain the status quo. However, in the dynamic game among workers, employers, and the government, the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the game can provide some conditions in which the labor market gets away from the low productivity situation","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116227331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp37-44
Najmadeen Mohammed Saeed, Ahmed Aulla Manguri
A relatively simple technique has been introduced in this paper. The approach is based on the Linear Force Method (FM) with discretion of the applied loads to the subsequence steps and updating coordinates in each iteration to have new geometrical property. The accuracy of the technique depends on the size of the discretion which depends on the number of iterations. A small change in the configuration could hugely affect the displacement and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structures, that’s why the current approach is vital. The proposed technique is validated with other techniques of nonlinear analysis of the structures with a very good agreement in both terms of external nodal displacements and internal bar forces.
{"title":"An Approximate Linear Analysis of Structures Utilizing Incremental Loading of Force Method","authors":"Najmadeen Mohammed Saeed, Ahmed Aulla Manguri","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp37-44","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively simple technique has been introduced in this paper. The approach is based on the Linear Force Method (FM) with discretion of the applied loads to the subsequence steps and updating coordinates in each iteration to have new geometrical property. The accuracy of the technique depends on the size of the discretion which depends on the number of iterations. A small change in the configuration could hugely affect the displacement and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structures, that’s why the current approach is vital. The proposed technique is validated with other techniques of nonlinear analysis of the structures with a very good agreement in both terms of external nodal displacements and internal bar forces.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"795 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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