Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp37-44
N. Saeed, Ahmed A. Manguri
A relatively simple technique has been introduced in this paper. The approach is based on the Linear Force Method (FM) with discretion of the applied loads to the subsequence steps and updating coordinates in each iteration to have new geometrical property. The accuracy of the technique depends on the size of the discretion which depends on the number of iterations. A small change in the configuration could hugely affect the displacement and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structures, that’s why the current approach is vital. The proposed technique is validated with other techniques of nonlinear analysis of the structures with a very good agreement in both terms of external nodal displacements and internal bar forces.
{"title":"An Approximate Linear Analysis of Structures Utilizing Incremental Loading of Force Method","authors":"N. Saeed, Ahmed A. Manguri","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp37-44","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively simple technique has been introduced in this paper. The approach is based on the Linear Force Method (FM) with discretion of the applied loads to the subsequence steps and updating coordinates in each iteration to have new geometrical property. The accuracy of the technique depends on the size of the discretion which depends on the number of iterations. A small change in the configuration could hugely affect the displacement and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structures, that’s why the current approach is vital. The proposed technique is validated with other techniques of nonlinear analysis of the structures with a very good agreement in both terms of external nodal displacements and internal bar forces.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116045752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp45-56
Bira Wafaei Baneh, Koosha Wafaei Baneh Wafaei Baneh
Referring to the fact that the history of each country is the identity of its people and the preservation of originality and culture is also considered as a social value, the maintenance of valuable historical monuments, which indicates the path to the growth of human civilization, is of particular importance. Each country is trying to prevent the destruction of its historic buildings and cultural heritage by applying various methods of reparation and retrofitting. Iran, as a country with an ancient civilization, is a heritage of many valuable historical monuments. Traditional construction materials included masonry materials such as clay and mud, stone, wood and brick, and due to the weakness in physical structure and their low shear capacity and tensile strength, these materials do not have strength for example against strong forces from earthquakes and are suffered heavy damages. Unfortunately, in our country, fundamental work has not been performed on historical sites and complexes so far, and practically, the measures have been taken without any improvement in the structural performance of the buildings. Using special technical and specialized methods, the seismic behavior of such buildings could be enhanced against the seismic forces caused by the earthquake, and minimize the damage on the historical buildings to the least possible extent by strengthening historical monuments. In this paper, by separating the components, we examine a number of strengthening methods belonging to each of them.
{"title":"Review of the Methods for Strengthening and Retrofitting Cultural Heritage Structures","authors":"Bira Wafaei Baneh, Koosha Wafaei Baneh Wafaei Baneh","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp45-56","url":null,"abstract":"Referring to the fact that the history of each country is the identity of its people and the preservation of originality and culture is also considered as a social value, the maintenance of valuable historical monuments, which indicates the path to the growth of human civilization, is of particular importance. Each country is trying to prevent the destruction of its historic buildings and cultural heritage by applying various methods of reparation and retrofitting. Iran, as a country with an ancient civilization, is a heritage of many valuable historical monuments. Traditional construction materials included masonry materials such as clay and mud, stone, wood and brick, and due to the weakness in physical structure and their low shear capacity and tensile strength, these materials do not have strength for example against strong forces from earthquakes and are suffered heavy damages. Unfortunately, in our country, fundamental work has not been performed on historical sites and complexes so far, and practically, the measures have been taken without any improvement in the structural performance of the buildings. Using special technical and specialized methods, the seismic behavior of such buildings could be enhanced against the seismic forces caused by the earthquake, and minimize the damage on the historical buildings to the least possible extent by strengthening historical monuments. In this paper, by separating the components, we examine a number of strengthening methods belonging to each of them.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122196549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp1-14
Najmadeen Mohammed Saeed, Shna Jabar Abdulkarim, Hawkar Ali Haji
Space structures such as double layer dome is light and active structural system that used for various structural application, for instance structural covers large areas such as exhibition halls, stadium and concert halls. They are aesthetically pleasing in appearance as well as the architectural requirement, in which tolerances of structural shape under changing service conditions are very significant, which high appearance accuracy is requested in some applications. Due to many reasons such as loading, these type of structures may suffer from a noticeable deflection, which leads to a significant potential undesired appearance of the shape. In this situation, the displacements may need to be reduced or eliminated. In this study, by applying the shape adjustment technique that its scheme is depend on the linear force method, shape restoration is performed to the double layer dome model in three different cases corresponding to the directions of loadings were considered. The improvement of controlling nodal displacement can be achieved through using a rather simple and direct method, due to calculating necessary length of actuators by applying a single formulation. It is found that if the number of provided actuators are satisfactory, controlling of all the displaced joints could be performed by a very small percentage of discrepancy, even if the controlled joints connection is not direct with the adjustable members. The technique of shape adjustment is very efficient for double layer dome model, and it can roughly eliminate the displacement of definite joints (Exterior joints only) by simply changing the length of certain bars by eo amount
{"title":"Direct Displacement Control of Deformed Double Layer Dome","authors":"Najmadeen Mohammed Saeed, Shna Jabar Abdulkarim, Hawkar Ali Haji","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp1-14","url":null,"abstract":"Space structures such as double layer dome is light and active structural system that used for various structural application, for instance structural covers large areas such as exhibition halls, stadium and concert halls. They are aesthetically pleasing in appearance as well as the architectural requirement, in which tolerances of structural shape under changing service conditions are very significant, which high appearance accuracy is requested in some applications. Due to many reasons such as loading, these type of structures may suffer from a noticeable deflection, which leads to a significant potential undesired appearance of the shape. In this situation, the displacements may need to be reduced or eliminated. In this study, by applying the shape adjustment technique that its scheme is depend on the linear force method, shape restoration is performed to the double layer dome model in three different cases corresponding to the directions of loadings were considered. The improvement of controlling nodal displacement can be achieved through using a rather simple and direct method, due to calculating necessary length of actuators by applying a single formulation. It is found that if the number of provided actuators are satisfactory, controlling of all the displaced joints could be performed by a very small percentage of discrepancy, even if the controlled joints connection is not direct with the adjustable members. The technique of shape adjustment is very efficient for double layer dome model, and it can roughly eliminate the displacement of definite joints (Exterior joints only) by simply changing the length of certain bars by eo amount","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126259817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp57-68
lanja Hossain Abdullah, Varoujan k Sissakian
Qara Dagh anticline is one of the main anticlines in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with NW – SE trend. It is a double plunging anticline almost symmetrical and consists of six minor anticlines some of them exhibit en-echelon plunges. The anticline shows many indications of lateral growth which indicate Neotectonic activities. Among those indications is the Darbendi Bazian abandoned alluvial fan. In this study, the details of the fan are presented and discussed as interpreted from satellite images. The interpreted data is checked in the field and it is found that the alluvial fan is a large fan showing typical symmetrical fan. It is a single stage fan covered by fine materials. The thickness of the fan ranges from (2.5 – 6) m, whereas its length and width are 4.18 km and 1.35 km, respectively. The fan was originated from Tinal stream which was draining the area behind the apex towards south and south west and nowadays flows in an opposite direction. The alluvial fan’s geometry, constituents, genesis and mode of deposition are given and discussed.
Qara - Dagh背斜是伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的主要背斜之一，走向为北西-东南。它是一个几乎对称的双倾伏背斜，由6个小背斜组成，其中一些背斜呈雁列状。背斜显示出许多侧向生长的迹象，表明新构造活动。这些迹象之一就是达尔本迪巴济废弃的冲积扇。在这项研究中，风扇的细节是由卫星图像解释和讨论。对现场解释资料进行了校核，发现该冲积扇为大型扇，具有典型的对称扇。它是一种单级风机，由细料覆盖。扇的厚度为2.5 - 6 m，长度和宽度分别为4.18 km和1.35 km。扇形起源于终末流，终末流将顶部后方的区域向南和西南方向排水，现在则向相反方向流动。给出并讨论了冲积扇的几何形状、组成、成因和沉积方式。
{"title":"The Darbendi Bazian Abandoned Alluvial Fan. An Indication for the Lateral Growth of Qara Dagh Anticline, SW Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq.","authors":"lanja Hossain Abdullah, Varoujan k Sissakian","doi":"10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp57-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp57-68","url":null,"abstract":"Qara Dagh anticline is one of the main anticlines in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region with NW – SE trend. It is a double plunging anticline almost symmetrical and consists of six minor anticlines some of them exhibit en-echelon plunges. The anticline shows many indications of lateral growth which indicate Neotectonic activities. Among those indications is the Darbendi Bazian abandoned alluvial fan. In this study, the details of the fan are presented and discussed as interpreted from satellite images. The interpreted data is checked in the field and it is found that the alluvial fan is a large fan showing typical symmetrical fan. It is a single stage fan covered by fine materials. The thickness of the fan ranges from (2.5 – 6) m, whereas its length and width are 4.18 km and 1.35 km, respectively. The fan was originated from Tinal stream which was draining the area behind the apex towards south and south west and nowadays flows in an opposite direction. The alluvial fan’s geometry, constituents, genesis and mode of deposition are given and discussed.","PeriodicalId":101901,"journal":{"name":"ISSUE SIX","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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