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Enhancing eye care training: a comprehensive rubric for retinoscopy. 加强眼保健训练:视网膜镜检查的综合指南。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2616029
Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Sarannya Dutta, Mohammad Rizwan, Sitharamanjaneyulu Madhukuri, Shailaja P Reddy, Avinash Pathengay

Clinical relevance: Retinoscopy is an important ophthalmic technique for objectively assessing refractive errors and detecting ocular abnormalities, especially in patients unable to undergo subjective refraction. The development and standardisation of retinoscopy rubrics foster a more equitable and consistent learning experience for trainees, ultimately leading to improved patient care.

Background: Retinoscopy is an essential skill in ophthalmic examination. Despite the use of various rubrics in eye care, standardised rubric for retinoscopy is still unavailable. This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive rubric for retinoscopy, addressing the lack of standardised assessment tools in optometric and ophthalmic education.

Methods: The authors developed a retinoscopy rubric, which was assessed for face and content validity by an international group of optometry educators. Cohen's alpha was calculated to determine interobserver reliability.

Results: The final rubric consists of 19 individual items for performance criteria. The revised rubric demonstrated face validity, with an overall percentage of agreement of 95.71%. The content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.99. Most of the individual rubric items showed moderate to strong interobserver reliability.

Conclusion: The retinoscopy rubric, a validated evaluation tool for objective refraction, demonstrates strong validity and reliability. It holds significant potential to enhance ophthalmic education by providing a consistent and effective framework for assessing retinoscopy skills.

临床意义:视网膜镜检查是客观评估屈光不正和检测眼部异常的重要眼科技术,特别是对于无法进行主观屈光的患者。视网膜镜检查标准的制定和标准化为受训者提供了更加公平和一致的学习体验,最终改善了患者护理。背景:视网膜镜检查是眼科检查的一项基本技能。尽管在眼科护理中使用了各种各样的红布,但目前还没有标准的视网膜镜检查红布。本研究旨在开发和验证一种全面的视网膜镜检查标准,以解决验光和眼科教育中缺乏标准化评估工具的问题。方法:作者开发了一种视网膜镜检查量表,由一组国际验光教育者评估其面部和内容效度。计算Cohen的alpha值来确定观察者之间的可靠性。结果:最终标题由19个单独的项目组成,用于性能标准。修订后的标题具有正面效度,总体一致性百分比为95.71%。内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.99。大多数单独的标题项目显示中等到强的观察者之间的信度。结论:视网膜镜检查量表是一种有效的客观屈光评估工具,具有较强的效度和信度。它通过提供一个一致和有效的评估视网膜检查技能的框架,在加强眼科教育方面具有重要的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of occupational visual demands on the progression of presbyopia in civilian pilots. 职业视觉需求对民用飞行员老花眼发展的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2627433
Ceren Turkoglu

Clinical relevance: Presbyopia, an age-related decline in near vision, significantly impacts daily functioning and work performance in visually demanding professions. Understanding occupational factors influencing presbyopia is crucial for optimizing vision screening and management strategies.

Background: This study aimed to compare the prevalence and progression of presbyopia in civilian pilots aged 40 and above with an age-matched control group lacking aviation experience.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involved 1124 participants (159 females, 965 males). The study group comprised civilian aviators aged 40+ with at least five years of flying experience, while controls had no aviation history. Comprehensive visual assessments were performed.

Results: Civilian aviators exhibited significantly lower near addition values compared to controls (mean +0.59 ± 0.71 D vs. +1.61 ± 0.71 D; p < 0.01). Gender-specific analysis revealed a more pronounced difference in female pilots versus female controls (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Civilian pilots aged 40 and above may experience delayed onset or slower progression of presbyopia. These findings suggest that aviation-related visual demands and proactive ocular health practices might mitigate presbyopia development. Further research is needed to validate these findings and assess long-term occupational visual influences.

临床相关性:老花眼是一种与年龄相关的近视力下降,严重影响视力要求高的职业的日常功能和工作表现。了解影响老花眼的职业因素对优化视力筛查和治疗策略至关重要。背景:本研究旨在比较40岁及以上民用飞行员与同龄无飞行经验对照组老花眼的患病率及进展情况。方法:回顾性横断面研究涉及1124名参与者(159名女性,965名男性)。研究小组由40岁以上的民用飞行员组成,至少有5年的飞行经验,而对照组没有航空史。进行了全面的视觉评估。结果:民用飞行员的近加法值明显低于对照组(平均+0.59±0.71 D比+1.61±0.71 D, p < 0.01)。性别分析显示,女性飞行员与女性对照组的差异更明显(p < 0.01)。结论:40岁及以上的民用飞行员可能会经历老花眼的延迟发作或缓慢进展。这些发现表明,与航空相关的视觉需求和积极的眼保健实践可能减轻老花眼的发展。需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现,并评估长期的职业视觉影响。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in inflammatory blood parameters in patients with radiation-related complications due to radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. 葡萄膜黑色素瘤放疗引起的放射相关并发症患者炎症性血液参数的变化
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2625884
Merve Özge Algedik Tokyürek, İrem Koç, Ebru Öztürk, Gözde Yazıcı, Hayyam Kıratlı

Clinical relevance: Radiation retinopathy is a common cause of visual impairment following ocular radiotherapy, and systemic inflammatory activity may contribute to retinal vascular damage. Understanding inflammatory mechanisms may support earlier identification of patients at risk and improve clinical monitoring strategies.

Background: Radiation retinopathy is a vision-threatening complication of radiotherapy for uveal melanoma and has traditionally been considered a localised microvascular disorder. However, the potential contribution of systemic inflammation to its development remains unclear.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of hospital records of patients diagnosed with radiation retinopathy after stereotactic photon radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Demographic characteristics, tumour features, and systemic inflammatory blood parameters were evaluated before and after the onset of retinopathy.

Results: A total of 97 patients were included, with 52.6% female participants. Most tumours were classified as T1 or T2. The median time to retinopathy diagnosis was 24 months. All systemic inflammatory blood parameters showed significant increases after the development of radiation retinopathy (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion: It is concluded that radiation retinopathy is associated with systemic inflammatory activation, suggesting that inflammatory processes may extend beyond localised retinal injury, and therefore may serve as accessible biomarkers for disease monitoring.

临床相关性:放射性视网膜病变是眼部放疗后视力损害的常见原因,全身炎症活动可能导致视网膜血管损伤。了解炎症机制可能有助于早期识别处于危险中的患者并改善临床监测策略。背景:放射性视网膜病变是葡萄膜黑色素瘤放射治疗的一种威胁视力的并发症,传统上被认为是一种局部微血管疾病。然而,全身性炎症对其发展的潜在贡献尚不清楚。方法:回顾性分析经立体定向光子放射治疗葡萄膜黑色素瘤后诊断为放射性视网膜病变患者的住院记录。在视网膜病变发病前后评估人口统计学特征、肿瘤特征和全身炎症性血液参数。结果:共纳入97例患者,其中女性占52.6%。多数肿瘤分为T1或T2。到视网膜病变诊断的中位时间为24个月。结论:放射性视网膜病变与全身性炎症激活有关,提示炎症过程可能超出局部视网膜损伤,因此可以作为疾病监测的可获得的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating educational initiatives in optometry through qualitative analysis of self-reported student behaviour change. 通过自我报告的学生行为改变的定性分析评估验光教育的主动性。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2619495
Bao N Nguyen, Jonathan Ng, Marianne E F Piano, Daryl Guest, Anthea L Cochrane
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引用次数: 0
Associations between vision anomalies and sensorimotor processes in children aged 7-16 years. 7-16岁儿童视觉异常与感觉运动过程的关系。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2623993
Tina R Johansen, Hilde R Pedersen, Rigmor C Baraas, Cecilie O Bjørset, Rachel O Coats, Lene A Hagen, Gro Horgen, Ellen Svarverud, Hanne-Mari Schiøtz Thorud, Mark Mon-Williams, Trine Langaas

Clinical relevance: Vision plays an important role in the normal motor development of children. Increased understanding of this relationship is important for providing appropriate advice in a clinical setting.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that vision anomalies are associated with reduced motor performance in children. This study investigated whether feedback loop noise, induced by common vision anomalies, adversely affects sensorimotor processing in children aged 7 to 16.

Methods: Sensorimotor function was measured in 409 children aged 7-8, 10-11, and 15-16 years as part of an annual school vision programme. The vision programme included assessment of visual acuity, binocular vision and refraction. Aiming and steering sensorimotor performance were measured using a validated tool that utilised a stylus on a tablet computer. Analysis of covariance models tested whether visual function (binocular near visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence) and refractive error, along with age, contributed to the variance in aiming and steering performance.

Results: Sensorimotor performance showed considerable variation within each age group. The simplest models that captured aiming variance included age and refractive error (R2 = 0.42, F[3, 402] = 99.04, p < 0.001), whilst age and accommodative function contributed towards steering variance (R2 = 0.22, F[3, 400] = 38.72, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Hyperopic refractive errors and reduced accommodative function affect the ability to perform sensorimotor transformations, negatively impacting age-expected manual control skill levels. Longitudinal research is needed to test whether correcting hyperopia can: (i) improve the development of sensorimotor processing; (ii) produce beneficial changes in motor skill abilities.

临床意义:视力在儿童正常运动发育中起着重要作用。增加对这种关系的理解对于在临床环境中提供适当的建议是很重要的。背景:越来越多的证据表明,视力异常与儿童运动能力下降有关。本研究调查了由常见视觉异常引起的反馈回路噪声是否会对7 - 16岁儿童的感觉运动加工产生不利影响。方法:作为年度学校视力项目的一部分,对409名7-8岁、10-11岁和15-16岁儿童的感觉运动功能进行了测量。视力项目包括视力、双眼视力和屈光的评估。瞄准和转向的感觉运动性能使用一种经过验证的工具来测量,该工具使用平板电脑上的触控笔。协方差模型分析检验了视功能(双眼近视敏锐度、调节幅度、近会聚点)和屈光不正以及年龄是否会导致瞄准和转向性能的差异。结果:感觉运动表现在各年龄组中有相当大的差异。反映瞄准方差的最简单模型包括年龄和屈光误差(R2 = 0.42, F[3,402] = 99.04)和转向方差(R2 = 0.22, F[3,400] = 38.72, p)。结论:远视屈光误差和调节功能降低影响感觉运动转换能力,负向影响年龄预期的手动控制技能水平。矫正远视是否能改善感觉运动加工的发展,还需要进行纵向研究;(ii)在运动技能能力方面产生有益的变化。
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引用次数: 0
A rare presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome: ocular findings in bilateral involvement. 一例罕见的斯特奇-韦伯综合征:双侧受累的眼部表现。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2616031
Fatma Busra Altas, Tuba Yilmaz Mungan, Mehmet Yasin Teke
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引用次数: 0
Effect of convergence insufficiency on speed of reading, writing, and typing in college students. 趋同不足对大学生读、写、打字速度的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2621968
Shruti J Gawde, Ugam Ps Usgaonkar, Harshada N Narvekar

Clinical relevance: Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision anomaly among college students, and its impact on routine near work activities of students needs to be assessed.

Background: This study assessed the reading, writing, and typing speed of young college students with convergence insufficiency and age-matched controls.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 50 students with convergence insufficiency and 50 control students aged 18 to 25 years. All subjects underwent visual examinations including refractive assessments and evaluations of accommodative and binocular vision parameters. Reading and writing speeds were assessed using the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST) charts while typing speed was measured using the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software. Reading, writing and typing speeds were compared between the two groups; and their correlation with clinical parameters related to convergence insufficiency was examined. Additionally, speeds were compared among symptomatic and asymptomatic students, assessed using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Survey (CISS) scale.

Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 20.72 ± 2.00 years. The two groups did not differ in age, gender distribution, visual acuity or spherical equivalent (p > .05 for all). The median [interquartile range] reading speed was 160.34 [152.32-172.00] words per minute (WPM) in convergence insufficiency students, and 183.52 [168.34-201.36] WPM in control students (p < .001). Writing speed averaged 32.98 ± 4.31 WPM in convergence insufficiency students versus 36.48 ± 4.23 WPM in controls (p < .001). The median typing speed was 19.57 [17.57-24.73] WPM in convergence insufficiency students, and 24.15 [19.31-27.40] WPM in control students (p = .007). Correlation analysis showed none to poor correlations between speeds and clinical parameters. No significant differences were observed in speeds between symptomatic and asymptomatic students with convergence insufficiency.

Conclusion: College students with convergence insufficiency were found to have reduced reading, writing and typing speeds.

临床相关性:会聚不全是大学生常见的双目视力异常,其对学生日常近距离工作活动的影响需要评估。背景:本研究评估了收敛性不全青年大学生和年龄匹配对照的阅读、写作和打字速度。方法:采用病例-对照研究方法,选取50名18 ~ 25岁的收敛功能不全学生和50名对照学生。所有受试者都进行了视力检查,包括屈光评估、调节视力和双眼视力参数评估。阅读和写作速度使用国际阅读速度文本(IReST)图表进行评估,打字速度使用心理学实验构建语言(PEBL)软件进行测量。比较两组的阅读、写作和打字速度;并观察其与会聚功能不全的临床参数的相关性。此外,比较有症状和无症状学生的速度,使用收敛不足症状调查(CISS)量表进行评估。结果:参与者的平均±标准差年龄为20.72±2.00岁。两组患者在年龄、性别分布、视力、球形当量等方面均无差异。所有人都是05)。收敛性不全学生的阅读速度中位数为160.34 [152.32-172.00]words / min (WPM),正常学生的阅读速度中位数为183.52 [168.34-201.36]WPM (p p = .007)。相关分析显示车速与临床参数无相关性或相关性较差。收敛功能不全的有症状学生与无症状学生在速度上无显著差异。结论:趋同功能不全的大学生有阅读、写作和打字速度下降的现象。
{"title":"Effect of convergence insufficiency on speed of reading, writing, and typing in college students.","authors":"Shruti J Gawde, Ugam Ps Usgaonkar, Harshada N Narvekar","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2621968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2621968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision anomaly among college students, and its impact on routine near work activities of students needs to be assessed.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed the reading, writing, and typing speed of young college students with convergence insufficiency and age-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted among 50 students with convergence insufficiency and 50 control students aged 18 to 25 years. All subjects underwent visual examinations including refractive assessments and evaluations of accommodative and binocular vision parameters. Reading and writing speeds were assessed using the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST) charts while typing speed was measured using the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software. Reading, writing and typing speeds were compared between the two groups; and their correlation with clinical parameters related to convergence insufficiency was examined. Additionally, speeds were compared among symptomatic and asymptomatic students, assessed using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Survey (CISS) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 20.72 ± 2.00 years. The two groups did not differ in age, gender distribution, visual acuity or spherical equivalent (<i>p</i> > .05 for all). The median [interquartile range] reading speed was 160.34 [152.32-172.00] words per minute (WPM) in convergence insufficiency students, and 183.52 [168.34-201.36] WPM in control students (<i>p</i> < .001). Writing speed averaged 32.98 ± 4.31 WPM in convergence insufficiency students versus 36.48 ± 4.23 WPM in controls (<i>p</i> < .001). The median typing speed was 19.57 [17.57-24.73] WPM in convergence insufficiency students, and 24.15 [19.31-27.40] WPM in control students (<i>p</i> = .007). Correlation analysis showed none to poor correlations between speeds and clinical parameters. No significant differences were observed in speeds between symptomatic and asymptomatic students with convergence insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>College students with convergence insufficiency were found to have reduced reading, writing and typing speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of corneal and lens properties in patients with systemic sclerosis: a densitometric analysis. 评估系统性硬化症患者的角膜和晶状体特性:密度分析。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2623991
Havvanur Bayraktar, Betül Dertsiz Kozan, Lütfi Akyol

Clinical relevance: Systemic sclerosis can affect vision quality by causing fibrosis in the cornea and lens, as in all organs.

Background: The aim of this work is to evaluate corneal and lens densitometry alongside anterior segment parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to assess whether subclinical structural changes are detectable using Scheimpflug-based imaging.

Methods: This prospective case-control study included 20 patients with SSc and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including anterior segment imaging using the Pentacam HR system. Corneal and lens densitometry values were recorded in concentric zones and evaluated in the anterior, central, and posterior layers. Additional parameters such as central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber (AC) depth, AC angle, and corneal volume were also assessed.

Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in anterior segment parameters (CCT, AC depth, AC angle, corneal volume) or lens densitometry values between SSc patients and controls (p > 0.05). However, significantly reduced corneal densitometry values were found in the anterior and central layers of the 0-2 mm and 2-6 mm zones in the SSc group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in the posterior corneal layer across all zones.

Conclusion: Although anterior segment and lens parameters appeared unaffected, reduced corneal densitometry in the central optical zone suggests subtle stromal remodelling in patients with long-standing SSc. These microstructural changes may reflect chronic fibrotic remodelling and warrant further investigation.

临床相关性:系统性硬化症可通过引起角膜和晶状体纤维化而影响视力质量,就像所有器官一样。背景:本研究的目的是评估系统性硬化症(SSc)患者的角膜和晶状体密度测定以及前段参数,并评估基于scheimpflug成像的亚临床结构变化是否可检测到。方法:本前瞻性病例对照研究包括20例SSc患者和20例年龄和性别匹配的健康对照。所有参与者都接受了全面的眼科检查,包括使用Pentacam HR系统进行前节成像。在同心区记录角膜和晶状体密度测量值,并在前、中、后三层进行评估。其他参数如角膜中央厚度(CCT)、前房(AC)深度、AC角和角膜体积也被评估。结果:SSc患者与对照组在前节参数(CCT、交流深度、交流角、角膜体积)和晶状体密度测量值方面差异无统计学意义(p < 0.05)。然而,在SSc组中,0- 2mm和2- 6mm区域的前层和中央层的角膜密度测量值明显降低(p)。结论:尽管前段和晶状体参数未受影响,但中央光学区角膜密度测量值降低提示长期SSc患者存在细微的间质重塑。这些微结构变化可能反映了慢性纤维化重塑,值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Evaluation of corneal and lens properties in patients with systemic sclerosis: a densitometric analysis.","authors":"Havvanur Bayraktar, Betül Dertsiz Kozan, Lütfi Akyol","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2026.2623991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2623991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Systemic sclerosis can affect vision quality by causing fibrosis in the cornea and lens, as in all organs.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this work is to evaluate corneal and lens densitometry alongside anterior segment parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to assess whether subclinical structural changes are detectable using Scheimpflug-based imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study included 20 patients with SSc and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including anterior segment imaging using the Pentacam HR system. Corneal and lens densitometry values were recorded in concentric zones and evaluated in the anterior, central, and posterior layers. Additional parameters such as central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber (AC) depth, AC angle, and corneal volume were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed in anterior segment parameters (CCT, AC depth, AC angle, corneal volume) or lens densitometry values between SSc patients and controls (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, significantly reduced corneal densitometry values were found in the anterior and central layers of the 0-2 mm and 2-6 mm zones in the SSc group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in the posterior corneal layer across all zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although anterior segment and lens parameters appeared unaffected, reduced corneal densitometry in the central optical zone suggests subtle stromal remodelling in patients with long-standing SSc. These microstructural changes may reflect chronic fibrotic remodelling and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-speed infrared imaging analysis of spontaneous versus reflex blinking. 自发性与反射性眨眼的高速红外成像分析。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2619492
Maria Navascues-Cornago, Manal Almutairi, Philip B Morgan, Michael L Read

Clinical relevance: Blinking plays a vital role in protecting the eye and maintaining ocular surface health. Understanding blink behaviour may help identify ocular surface disorders and detect blink abnormalities associated with systemic or neurological conditions.

Background: This study assessed the kinematic characteristics of spontaneous blinking versus mechanically evoked reflex blinking and explored their relationship with potentially related ocular surface characteristics.

Methods: This pilot study used high-speed infrared imaging to capture spontaneous and reflex blinking in 11 participants. A five-minute video recording of spontaneous blinking was captured while participants watched a wildlife documentary. Reflex blinking was evoked by delivering a puff of air into the right eye at random intervals. Blink velocity, completeness and duration were determined using custom semi-automated analysis software. Corneal sensitivity, subbasal corneal nerve morphology, non-invasive tear break-up time and tear meniscus height were also assessed.

Results: Spontaneous blinking was less complete than reflex blinking (p = 0.012). Closing-phase velocity was greater for reflex blinking than for spontaneous blinking (p < 0.001), whilst no significant difference was observed for opening-phase velocity (p = 0.164). Closed-phase duration was longer for reflex blinking than for spontaneous blinking (p = 0.023), whereas total blink duration did not differ significantly (p = 0.718). Exploratory analyses suggested potential associations between tear film parameters and blink dynamics.

Conclusion: Differences were found in the kinematic characteristics of spontaneous and reflex blinking. Preliminary associations between blink characteristics and ocular surface parameters warrant confirmation in larger studies. High-speed infrared imaging is a promising technique that may be used in the future to better understand how blinking is affected by ocular, systemic and neurological conditions.

临床意义:眨眼在保护眼睛和维持眼表健康方面起着至关重要的作用。了解眨眼行为可能有助于识别眼表疾病,并发现与全身或神经系统疾病相关的眨眼异常。背景:本研究评估了自发眨眼和机械诱发反射眨眼的运动学特征,并探讨了它们与潜在相关眼表特征的关系。方法:采用高速红外成像技术对11名受试者进行自发性和反射性眨眼成像。当参与者观看野生动物纪录片时,一段5分钟的自发眨眼录像被拍了下来。反射性眨眼是通过随机间隔向右眼输送一股空气而引起的。使用定制的半自动分析软件确定眨眼速度、完整性和持续时间。评估角膜敏感性、角膜基底下神经形态、无创撕裂破裂时间和撕裂半月板高度。结果:自发性眨眼较反射性眨眼不完全(p = 0.012)。反射性眨眼的闭相速度大于自发眨眼(p p = 0.164)。反射眨眼的闭相持续时间比自发眨眼的闭相持续时间长(p = 0.023),而总眨眼持续时间差异不显著(p = 0.718)。探索性分析表明,泪膜参数与眨眼动态之间存在潜在关联。结论:自发性眨眼与反射性眨眼的运动特征存在差异。眨眼特征和眼表参数之间的初步联系需要在更大规模的研究中得到证实。高速红外成像是一项很有前途的技术,未来可能会用于更好地了解眨眼是如何受到眼部、全身和神经系统疾病的影响的。
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引用次数: 0
Visual performance of spectacle films utilising opaque, non-refractive features for potential myopia management. 利用不透明、非屈光特性的眼镜片的视觉表现,用于潜在的近视管理。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 OPHTHALMOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2026.2620554
Jennie Diec, Daniel Tilia, Jennifer Sha, Karen Lahav-Yacouel, Klaus Ehrmann, Cathleen Fedtke, Ravi C Bakaraju

Clinical relevance: A non-refractive approach for potential myopia management is introduced as spectacle films with opaque features, hypothesised to modulate retinal ganglion cell activity away from the baseline state of the eye. Visual performance of these spectacle films is currently unknown.

Background: The aim of this work is to compare the visual performance of spectacle films with opaque non-refractive features (test), MiYOSMART (control: MS), and single vision (control: SV) lenses.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomised, unmasked, cross-over study where 37 myopic adults (18-42 years) wore each lens for a minimum of 5 days. Subjective visual performance was assessed with a 1-10 numeric rating scale for clarity of vision, vision at night, vision when walking, and overall vision satisfaction and visual acuity (monocular at 6 m and binocular at 6 m and 40 cm). Willingness-to-purchase, based on vision and myopia efficacy, was assessed with a binary Yes/No response.

Results: Test and SV were rated higher than MS (p ≤ 0.005) for all subjective ratings, while SV was rated higher than test (p ≤ 0.02) for all ratings except vision when walking (p = 0.11). A higher proportion were willing to purchase both test and SV compared to MS based on vision (p ≤ 0.001), with no difference between test and SV (p = 0.20). A higher proportion were willing to purchase SV compared to MS based on myopia efficacy (p = 0.005), with no difference between test and either control (p > 0.06). SV was significantly better than MS for acuity at 40 cm (p = 0.004) with no differences between lenses for other acuity measurements (p > 0.1).

Conclusions: Test offered better subjective visual performance than MS with higher proportions of participants willing to purchase based on vision. Test offered worse subjective visual performance than SV with no differences in willingness-to-purchase questions. SV offered better visual performance than MS and higher proportions of participants willing to purchase for vision or myopia management.

临床相关性:介绍了一种用于潜在近视管理的非屈光方法,即具有不透明特征的眼镜膜,假设可以调节视网膜神经节细胞的活性,使其远离眼睛的基线状态。这些奇观影片的视觉表现目前尚不清楚。背景:本研究的目的是比较具有不透明非屈光特征(测试)、MiYOSMART(对照:MS)和单视力(对照:SV)镜片的眼镜膜的视觉性能。方法:这是一项前瞻性、随机、非蒙面、交叉研究,37名近视成人(18-42岁)每个镜片佩戴至少5天。主观视觉表现采用1-10的数字评分量表进行评估,包括视力清晰度、夜间视力、行走视力、整体视觉满意度和视力(6米单眼和6米和40厘米双目)。根据视力和近视疗效来评估购买意愿,采用二元是/否回答。结果:所有主观评分的Test和SV评分均高于MS (p≤0.005),而SV评分均高于MS (p≤0.02),除了行走时的视力(p = 0.11)。与基于视觉的MS相比,同时购买测试和SV的比例更高(p≤0.001),测试和SV之间没有差异(p = 0.20)。基于近视疗效的SV购买意愿比MS高(p = 0.005),实验组与对照组无差异(p = 0.06)。SV在40 cm处的视力明显优于MS (p = 0.004),其他视力测量在镜片之间没有差异(p = 0.1)。结论:测试提供了比MS更好的主观视觉表现,有更高比例的参与者愿意基于视觉进行购买。测试的主观视觉表现比SV差,但在购买意愿问题上没有差异。SV提供比MS更好的视觉表现和更高比例的参与者愿意购买视力或近视治疗。
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引用次数: 0
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Clinical and Experimental Optometry
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