In this study, 5% and 10% by weight of anhydrous borax (AHB) was added to the iron (Fe) matrix material by powder metallurgy method and the effects of the additive ratio on the Vickers hardness (HV), Brinell hardness (HB) and Indentation modulus (EIT) values of the composites (Fe/AHB) were investigated. In the productions carried out using Taguchi experimental design method, AHB additive ratio, and sintering temperature parameters were selected as control parameters that were thought to affect the physical and/or mechanical properties of the Fe/AHB composite materials. The productions were carried out according to the Taguchi L4 orthogonal array, which was created depending on the control parameters and levels. Vickers hardness and indentation modulus measurements of pure iron and Fe/AHB composite materials were performed in accordance with BS EN ISO 14577-1 standard and Brinell hardness measurement was performed in accordance with TS EN ISO 6506-1 standard. According to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis performed with the experimental data, it was determined that the 10% AHB additive ratio and 950oC sintering temperature optimized all the investigated properties of the Fe/AHB composite material. It was determined that the values for Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness and indentation modulus increased by 142.03%, 69.32% and 144.11%, respectively, in the levels where the properties of the composite material were optimized compared to pure Fe material. As a result of the qualitative examination of all samples after storage in a comfortable environment without daylight, it was also observed that the anhydrous borax additive delayed the corrosion time of pure iron material.
本研究采用粉末冶金法在铁（Fe）基体材料中添加了 5%和 10%（按重量计）的无水硼砂（AHB），并研究了添加比例对复合材料（Fe/AHB）的维氏硬度（HV）、布氏硬度（HB）和压痕模量（EIT）值的影响。在采用田口试验设计法进行的生产中，选择了 AHB 添加剂比率和烧结温度参数作为控制参数，这些参数被认为会影响铁/AHB 复合材料的物理和/或机械性能。根据控制参数和水平建立的田口 L4 正交阵列进行了生产。纯铁和铁/AHB 复合材料的维氏硬度和压痕模量测量按照 BS EN ISO 14577-1 标准进行，布氏硬度测量按照 TS EN ISO 6506-1 标准进行。根据对实验数据进行的信噪比（S/N）分析，确定 10% 的 AHB 添加剂比率和 950oC 烧结温度优化了铁/AHB 复合材料的所有研究属性。结果表明，与纯铁材料相比，在复合材料性能优化的水平上，维氏硬度、布氏硬度和压痕模量值分别提高了 142.03%、69.32% 和 144.11%。在无日光的舒适环境中存放所有样品后，对其进行定性检查的结果也表明，无水硼砂添加剂延缓了纯铁材料的腐蚀时间。
{"title":"Investigation and Optimization of The Effect of Anhydrous Borax Mineral on The Vickers Hardness and Indentation Modulus Values of Iron Material","authors":"Şenol Şahin, Ayşegül Bodur Yılmaz, Talha Tunahan Kesemenli","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1222550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1222550","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 5% and 10% by weight of anhydrous borax (AHB) was added to the iron (Fe) matrix material by powder metallurgy method and the effects of the additive ratio on the Vickers hardness (HV), Brinell hardness (HB) and Indentation modulus (EIT) values of the composites (Fe/AHB) were investigated. In the productions carried out using Taguchi experimental design method, AHB additive ratio, and sintering temperature parameters were selected as control parameters that were thought to affect the physical and/or mechanical properties of the Fe/AHB composite materials. The productions were carried out according to the Taguchi L4 orthogonal array, which was created depending on the control parameters and levels. Vickers hardness and indentation modulus measurements of pure iron and Fe/AHB composite materials were performed in accordance with BS EN ISO 14577-1 standard and Brinell hardness measurement was performed in accordance with TS EN ISO 6506-1 standard. According to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis performed with the experimental data, it was determined that the 10% AHB additive ratio and 950oC sintering temperature optimized all the investigated properties of the Fe/AHB composite material. It was determined that the values for Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness and indentation modulus increased by 142.03%, 69.32% and 144.11%, respectively, in the levels where the properties of the composite material were optimized compared to pure Fe material. As a result of the qualitative examination of all samples after storage in a comfortable environment without daylight, it was also observed that the anhydrous borax additive delayed the corrosion time of pure iron material.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ersin Enes Eryilmaz, S. Akleylek, Yankı Ertek, E. Kılıç
IIoT “Industrial Internet of Things” refers to a subset of Internet of Things technology designed for use in industrial processes and industrial environments. IIoT aims to make manufacturing facilities, energy systems, transportation networks, and other industrial systems smarter, more efficient and connected. The goal of IIoT is to reduce costs, increase productivity, and support more sustainable operations by making industrial processes more efficient. In this context, the use of IIoT is increasingly increasing in manufacturing, energy, healthcare, transportation, and other industries. IoT has become one of the fastest-growing and expanding areas in the history of information technology. Billions of devices communicate with the Internet of Things with almost no human intervention. IIoT consists of sophisticated analysis and processing structures that handle data generated by internet-connected machines. IIoT devices vary from sensors to complex industrial robots. Security measures such as patch management, access control, network monitoring, authentication, service isolation, encryption, unauthorized entry detection, and application security are implemented for IIoT networks and devices. However, these methods inherently contain security vulnerabilities. As deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models have significantly advanced in recent years, they have also begun to be employed in advanced security methods for IoT systems. The primary objective of this systematic survey is to address research questions by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of DL and ML algorithms used in IoT security. The purpose and details of the models, dataset characteristics, performance measures, and approaches they are compared to are covered. In the final section, the shortcomings of the reviewed studies are identified, and open issues in the literature are discussed.
{"title":"A Systematic Survey of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models Used in Industrial Internet of Things Security","authors":"Ersin Enes Eryilmaz, S. Akleylek, Yankı Ertek, E. Kılıç","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1197753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1197753","url":null,"abstract":"IIoT “Industrial Internet of Things” refers to a subset of Internet of Things technology designed for use in industrial processes and industrial environments. IIoT aims to make manufacturing facilities, energy systems, transportation networks, and other industrial systems smarter, more efficient and connected. The goal of IIoT is to reduce costs, increase productivity, and support more sustainable operations by making industrial processes more efficient. In this context, the use of IIoT is increasingly increasing in manufacturing, energy, healthcare, transportation, and other industries. IoT has become one of the fastest-growing and expanding areas in the history of information technology. Billions of devices communicate with the Internet of Things with almost no human intervention. IIoT consists of sophisticated analysis and processing structures that handle data generated by internet-connected machines. IIoT devices vary from sensors to complex industrial robots. Security measures such as patch management, access control, network monitoring, authentication, service isolation, encryption, unauthorized entry detection, and application security are implemented for IIoT networks and devices. However, these methods inherently contain security vulnerabilities. As deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models have significantly advanced in recent years, they have also begun to be employed in advanced security methods for IoT systems. The primary objective of this systematic survey is to address research questions by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of DL and ML algorithms used in IoT security. The purpose and details of the models, dataset characteristics, performance measures, and approaches they are compared to are covered. In the final section, the shortcomings of the reviewed studies are identified, and open issues in the literature are discussed.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time-dependent system of partial differential equations of the second order describing the electric wave propagation in electrically and magnetically anisotropic homogeneous media is considered in the paper. A method for the computation of the polynomial solutions of the initial value problem for the considered system is proposed. Symbolic computations are used and these symbolic computations are implemented in Maple. It is proved also that these polynomial solutions are approximate solutions of the considered initial value problem with smooth initial data and the inhomogeneous term. The computational experiments confirm the robustness of the suggested method for the computation of electric fields in general electrically and magnetically anisotropic media.
本文研究了描述电波在电性和磁性各向异性均质介质中传播的随时间变化的二阶偏微分方程系统。本文提出了计算该系统初值问题多项式解的方法。文中使用了符号计算，并在 Maple 中实现了这些符号计算。计算还证明，这些多项式解是所考虑的具有平滑初始数据和非均质项的初值问题的近似解。计算实验证实了所建议的方法在计算一般电性和磁性各向异性介质中的电场时的稳健性。
{"title":"Polynomial Solutions of Electric Field Equations in Anisotropic Media","authors":"Meltem Altunkaynak","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1274359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1274359","url":null,"abstract":"The time-dependent system of partial differential equations of the \u0000second order describing the electric wave propagation in \u0000electrically and magnetically anisotropic homogeneous media is \u0000considered in the paper. A method for the computation of the polynomial solutions of the initial value problem for the considered system is proposed. \u0000Symbolic computations are used and these symbolic computations are implemented in Maple. It is proved also that these polynomial solutions are approximate solutions of the considered initial value problem with smooth initial data and the inhomogeneous term. The computational experiments confirm the robustness of the suggested method for the computation of electric fields in general electrically and magnetically anisotropic media.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is characterized by the presence of mutated alleles in DNA, leading to the formation of tumors. A delayed diagnosis of this condition can result in fatal outcomes, making it a significant global cause of mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the year 2020, approximately 10 million deaths were attributed to cancer, accounting for roughly one-sixth of all recorded cases of mortality. WHO has emphasized that early detection could significantly increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery. Traditional cancer diagnosis relies on invasive tissue biopsies, which pose risks to both patients and healthcare professionals due to the use of formaldehyde, a known carcinogenic agent, for specimen preservation. In recent times, liquid biopsies have emerged as a promising alternative, particularly for the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a fraction of which originates from tumor cells and circulates in the bloodstream. However, conventional molecular genetic tests for ctDNA analysis are often costly and time-consuming. Advancements in technology and the field of nanoscience offer the potential to develop cost-effective, rapid, highly sensitive, and selective diagnostic tools. Among these, biosensors stand out as a promising option. In this article, we delve into the quantification of ctDNA in plasma, discuss amplification techniques for ctDNA, and explore the development of electrochemical-based biosensors tailored for ctDNA detection. Finally, we highlight recent studies and innovations in the field of ctDNA detection.
癌症的特征是 DNA 中存在变异等位基因，从而形成肿瘤。如果延误诊断，可能会导致致命的后果，成为全球重要的死亡原因。根据世界卫生组织（世卫组织）的数据，到 2020 年，约有 1 000 万人死于癌症，约占有记录死亡病例总数的六分之一。世卫组织强调，早期发现可大大增加成功治疗和康复的机会。传统的癌症诊断依赖于侵入性组织活检，由于使用甲醛（一种已知的致癌物质）保存标本，对患者和医护人员都有风险。近来，液体活检已成为一种很有前景的替代方法，尤其是用于分析循环肿瘤 DNA（ctDNA），其中一部分来自肿瘤细胞并在血液中循环。然而，用于ctDNA分析的传统分子遗传测试通常成本高昂且耗时较长。技术和纳米科学领域的进步为开发具有成本效益、快速、高灵敏度和选择性的诊断工具提供了可能。其中，生物传感器是一种前景广阔的选择。在本文中，我们将深入探讨血浆中ctDNA的定量问题，讨论ctDNA的扩增技术，并探索开发基于电化学的生物传感器来检测ctDNA。最后，我们将重点介绍ctDNA检测领域的最新研究和创新。
{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) Detection via electrochemical Biosensing Tools","authors":"Sonya Sahi̇n, Nimet YILDIRIM TİRGİL","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1375211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1375211","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is characterized by the presence of mutated alleles in DNA, leading to the formation of tumors. A delayed diagnosis of this condition can result in fatal outcomes, making it a significant global cause of mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the year 2020, approximately 10 million deaths were attributed to cancer, accounting for roughly one-sixth of all recorded cases of mortality. WHO has emphasized that early detection could significantly increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery. Traditional cancer diagnosis relies on invasive tissue biopsies, which pose risks to both patients and healthcare professionals due to the use of formaldehyde, a known carcinogenic agent, for specimen preservation. In recent times, liquid biopsies have emerged as a promising alternative, particularly for the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a fraction of which originates from tumor cells and circulates in the bloodstream. However, conventional molecular genetic tests for ctDNA analysis are often costly and time-consuming. Advancements in technology and the field of nanoscience offer the potential to develop cost-effective, rapid, highly sensitive, and selective diagnostic tools. Among these, biosensors stand out as a promising option. In this article, we delve into the quantification of ctDNA in plasma, discuss amplification techniques for ctDNA, and explore the development of electrochemical-based biosensors tailored for ctDNA detection. Finally, we highlight recent studies and innovations in the field of ctDNA detection.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"156 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IN THIS PAPER, WE INTRODUCE DEFINITION OF A NEW CLASS OF GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN HYPERBOLIC SPACE. ADDITIONALLY, WE CONSTRUCT THE REWRITTEN VERSION OF MANN ITERATION PROCESS IN HYPERBOLIC SPACE. THEN, USING THE ITERATIVE PROCEDURE WE ESTABLISHED, WE PROVE CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR a-b GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINS IN A UNIFORMLY CONVEX HYPERBOLIC SPACE. LASTLY, WE OFFER A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE OUR FINDINGS.
{"title":"ON APPROXIMATING FIXED POINTS OF A NEW CLASS OF GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN UNIFORMLY CONVEX HYPERBOLIC SPACE","authors":"Nazlı KADIOĞLU KARACA","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1361003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1361003","url":null,"abstract":"IN THIS PAPER, WE INTRODUCE DEFINITION OF A NEW CLASS OF GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN HYPERBOLIC SPACE. ADDITIONALLY, WE CONSTRUCT THE REWRITTEN VERSION OF MANN ITERATION PROCESS IN HYPERBOLIC SPACE. THEN, USING THE ITERATIVE PROCEDURE WE ESTABLISHED, WE PROVE CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR a-b GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINS IN A UNIFORMLY CONVEX HYPERBOLIC SPACE. LASTLY, WE OFFER A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE TO ILLUSTRATE OUR FINDINGS.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracting text from images and videos is an emerging field of research with a wide range of applications, including video search, video editing, and translation. Nowadays, book promotion videos in different languages are shared on social media and especially on YouTube. In this study; It is recommended to take book titles through book promotion videos. The developed system takes video as input and separates the names of the books. The viewer can select the desired book by clicking on the detected book titles and watch the relevant part of the video. This application result in time saving by the viewer. In order to achieve this application, a deep learning-based system was developed to retrieve the names of books from videos. YOLO-based method was used in the study. Different YOLO algorithms were used in the study, and YOLOv5 was found to be more successful. This study contributes to the field of text extraction and video analysis by developing a deep learning-based approach to extract book titles from book promotion videos.
{"title":"Extracting Book Titles From Book Recommendation Videos Using a Deep Learning Approach","authors":"Bartu Sarimehmetoğlu, Hamit Erdem","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1369636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1369636","url":null,"abstract":"Extracting text from images and videos is an emerging field of research with a wide range of applications, including video search, video editing, and translation. Nowadays, book promotion videos in different languages are shared on social media and especially on YouTube. In this study; It is recommended to take book titles through book promotion videos. The developed system takes video as input and separates the names of the books. The viewer can select the desired book by clicking on the detected book titles and watch the relevant part of the video. This application result in time saving by the viewer. In order to achieve this application, a deep learning-based system was developed to retrieve the names of books from videos. YOLO-based method was used in the study. Different YOLO algorithms were used in the study, and YOLOv5 was found to be more successful. This study contributes to the field of text extraction and video analysis by developing a deep learning-based approach to extract book titles from book promotion videos.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"81 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lateral displacement is a vary important parameter that we need to calculate when structures are subjected to lateral loads like earthquake and wind loads. In this study, a method is proposed for lateral displacement calculation of structures with different structural systems in different planes. This method is based on the continuum system calculation model. The method suggested in the literature for only top displacement in the case of uniform loading, is developed in this study for the calculation of displacements at each storey level and also in both uniform and triangular loading conditions. At the end of the study, twenty-eight storey building with shear wall-frame bearing system, which was taken from the literature, was solved with the presented method and Finite Element Method. The shear walls were modelled with three different element types for the analysis with the Finite Element Method with structural engineering program used. The results, obtained from the Continuum Method and Finite Element Method were presented in tables and by figures. Thus, the compatibility of the proposed method with the classical Finite Element Method was investigated.
{"title":"A Method For Calculation of Lateral Displacements of Buildings Under Distributed Loads","authors":"Duygu Öztürk, K. B. Bozdoğan, Süleyman Aydin","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1217597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1217597","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral displacement is a vary important parameter that we need to calculate when structures are subjected to lateral loads like earthquake and wind loads. In this study, a method is proposed for lateral displacement calculation of structures with different structural systems in different planes. This method is based on the continuum system calculation model. The method suggested in the literature for only top displacement in the case of uniform loading, is developed in this study for the calculation of displacements at each storey level and also in both uniform and triangular loading conditions. At the end of the study, twenty-eight storey building with shear wall-frame bearing system, which was taken from the literature, was solved with the presented method and Finite Element Method. The shear walls were modelled with three different element types for the analysis with the Finite Element Method with structural engineering program used. The results, obtained from the Continuum Method and Finite Element Method were presented in tables and by figures. Thus, the compatibility of the proposed method with the classical Finite Element Method was investigated.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122439738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emrah Di̇ki̇ci̇, Burcu ÖNAL ACET, Tuba Gök, Ö. Acet, M. Odabaşı
Dipeptides are short peptide molecules formed by the peptide bond between two amino acids, and they play significant roles in various biological processes (such as protein synthesis, nutrient absorption, cellular signaling, immune response). Short peptides have a prominent place in the design of self-assembling materials. In particular, dipeptides have gained considerable attention in the field of biotechnology as a type of self-organizing nanostructure due to their low cost, simplicity of synthesis, biocompatibility, and tunability of functionality. However, there is limited knowledge about peptide and protein-based nanostructures in the literature. Therefore, more information is needed on dipeptide nanostructures, especially in terms of their potential applications for biomedical purposes. This review focuses on dipeptide nanostructures, particularly their potential uses in biomedical applications, and provides a broader perspective on the advantages, challenges, synthesis, interactions, and applications of these nanostructures.
{"title":"Self-Assembled Short Peptide Nanostructures: ‘’Dipeptides’’","authors":"Emrah Di̇ki̇ci̇, Burcu ÖNAL ACET, Tuba Gök, Ö. Acet, M. Odabaşı","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1282790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1282790","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptides are short peptide molecules formed by the peptide bond between two amino acids, and they play significant roles in various biological processes (such as protein synthesis, nutrient absorption, cellular signaling, immune response). Short peptides have a prominent place in the design of self-assembling materials. In particular, dipeptides have gained considerable attention in the field of biotechnology as a type of self-organizing nanostructure due to their low cost, simplicity of synthesis, biocompatibility, and tunability of functionality. However, there is limited knowledge about peptide and protein-based nanostructures in the literature. Therefore, more information is needed on dipeptide nanostructures, especially in terms of their potential applications for biomedical purposes. This review focuses on dipeptide nanostructures, particularly their potential uses in biomedical applications, and provides a broader perspective on the advantages, challenges, synthesis, interactions, and applications of these nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114859800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maksym is a Kyrgyz ethnic beverage made from milled cereals such as wheat, barley, or maize, boiled in water, and then fermented using yeast and lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the consistency and sensory properties of Maksym after industrial production during refrigerated storage. The acidity of the beverage increases and the total soluble solids decrease after 21 days. The amount of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast after production were 9.36 and 9.46 log cfu/mL, respectively. After 21 days it is indicated that the amount of both starter cultures decreased by 2 log units. In terms of acceptability, the sensory properties after 7 days of storage received the highest rating. However, the acidic taste after 21 days of storage received the lowest rating. Rheological measurements carried out at 5, 10, 20, and 30°C also revealed these changes. Four rheological models (Newtonian, Herschel-Bulkley, Ostwald De-Waele, and Casson) were used to describe the flow behaviour of the beverage. The Casson model was superior to other rheological models. The effective viscosity of Maksym was decreased from 2.66 to 1.96 mPa·s after 21 days of cold storage. The activation energy was decreased from 23.10 and 14.94 kJ/mol and indicated the thinning of viscosity of the beverage. The obtained parameters can be used to predict the shelf-life model and product labelling by its expiry period, as well as to control the quality of Maksym.
{"title":"Investigation of chemical, sensory, and rheological properties of Kyrgyz ethnic fermented beverage from cereals during cold storage","authors":"Janyl Iskakova, Jamila Smanalieva","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1142038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1142038","url":null,"abstract":"Maksym is a Kyrgyz ethnic beverage made from milled cereals such as wheat, barley, or maize, boiled in water, and then fermented using yeast and lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the consistency and sensory properties of Maksym after industrial production during refrigerated storage. The acidity of the beverage increases and the total soluble solids decrease after 21 days. The amount of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast after production were 9.36 and 9.46 log cfu/mL, respectively. After 21 days it is indicated that the amount of both starter cultures decreased by 2 log units. In terms of acceptability, the sensory properties after 7 days of storage received the highest rating. However, the acidic taste after 21 days of storage received the lowest rating. Rheological measurements carried out at 5, 10, 20, and 30°C also revealed these changes. Four rheological models (Newtonian, Herschel-Bulkley, Ostwald De-Waele, and Casson) were used to describe the flow behaviour of the beverage. The Casson model was superior to other rheological models. The effective viscosity of Maksym was decreased from 2.66 to 1.96 mPa·s after 21 days of cold storage. The activation energy was decreased from 23.10 and 14.94 kJ/mol and indicated the thinning of viscosity of the beverage. The obtained parameters can be used to predict the shelf-life model and product labelling by its expiry period, as well as to control the quality of Maksym.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123897578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sugar beet processing in the sugar production industry releases huge amounts of sugar beet pulp, lime residue, and molasses, which can be considered a valuable by-product as a source of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Sugar beet pulp is often used as a high-energy, low-protein supplement for ruminants to promote optimal rumen health and increase milk production. However, it cannot be used in large quantities and is thrown away, causing environmental pollution. Valorizing sugar beet processing wastes via biotechnological approaches into value-added products is cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this article, recent developments in the biotechnological valorization of sugar beet byproducts to produce biofuels, bioethanol, butanol, biomass and platform chemicals such as gluconic acid, lactic acid, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, and endo-polygalacturonase were reviewed, and the methods provide a way to save the environment. Several sugar beet processing plants in the Kyrgyz Republic can offer these methods as a roadmap for value-added production.
{"title":"Biotechnological valorization of sugar beet wastes into value-added products","authors":"Azhar MAKAMBAİ KYZY, Aichurok T. Mazhitova","doi":"10.51354/mjen.1280304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.1280304","url":null,"abstract":"The sugar beet processing in the sugar production industry releases huge amounts of sugar beet pulp, lime residue, and molasses, which can be considered a valuable by-product as a source of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Sugar beet pulp is often used as a high-energy, low-protein supplement for ruminants to promote optimal rumen health and increase milk production. However, it cannot be used in large quantities and is thrown away, causing environmental pollution. Valorizing sugar beet processing wastes via biotechnological approaches into value-added products is cost-effective and eco-friendly. In this article, recent developments in the biotechnological valorization of sugar beet byproducts to produce biofuels, bioethanol, butanol, biomass and platform chemicals such as gluconic acid, lactic acid, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, and endo-polygalacturonase were reviewed, and the methods provide a way to save the environment. Several sugar beet processing plants in the Kyrgyz Republic can offer these methods as a roadmap for value-added production.","PeriodicalId":102219,"journal":{"name":"MANAS Journal of Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123413429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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