Pei Guo, Yun Wang, Haiyan He, Dongjian Chen, Jin Liu, Wanting Qiang, Jing Lu, Yang Liang, Juan Du
Serum B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) levels can serve as a sensitive biomarker in multiple myeloma (MM). In the research setting, sBCMA levels can be accurately detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but the approach has not been approved for clinical use. Here, we used a novel chemiluminescence method to assess sBCMA levels in 759 serum samples from 17 healthy donors and 443 patients with plasma cell (PC) diseases including AL amyloidosis, POEMS syndrome, and MM. Serum BCMA levels were elevated 16.1-fold in patients with newly diagnosed MM compared to healthy donors and rare PC diseases patients. Specifically, the sBCMA levels in patients with progressive disease were 64.6-fold higher than those who showed partial response or above to treatment. The sBCMA level also correlated negatively with the response depth of MM patients. In newly diagnosed and relapsed MM patients, survival was significantly longer among those subjects whose sBCMA levels are below the median levels compared with those above the median value. We optimized the accuracy of the survival prediction further by integrating sBCMA level into the Second Revised International Staging System (R2-ISS). Our findings provide evidence that the novel chemiluminescence method is sensitive and practical for measuring sBCMA levels in clinical samples and confirm that sBCMA might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for MM.
血清 B 细胞成熟抗原(sBCMA)水平可作为多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的敏感生物标记物。在研究环境中,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)可准确检测sBCMA水平,但这种方法尚未被批准用于临床。在此,我们采用一种新型化学发光法评估了来自 17 名健康供体和 443 名浆细胞(PC)疾病(包括 AL 淀粉样变性、POEMS 综合征和 MM)患者的 759 份血清样本中的 sBCMA 水平。与健康供体和罕见 PC 疾病患者相比,新诊断 MM 患者的血清 BCMA 水平升高了 16.1 倍。具体来说,疾病进展期患者的 sBCMA 水平比对治疗有部分反应或以上的患者高出 64.6 倍。sBCMA 水平还与 MM 患者的反应深度呈负相关。在新诊断和复发的 MM 患者中,sBCMA 水平低于中位值的受试者的生存期明显长于高于中位值的受试者。通过将 sBCMA 水平纳入第二次修订国际分期系统(R2-ISS),我们进一步优化了生存预测的准确性。我们的研究结果证明,新型化学发光法可灵敏、实用地测量临床样本中的 sBCMA 水平,并证实 sBCMA 可作为 MM 的独立预后生物标记物。
{"title":"Elevated serum levels of soluble B-cell maturation antigen as a prognostic biomarker for multiple myeloma.","authors":"Pei Guo, Yun Wang, Haiyan He, Dongjian Chen, Jin Liu, Wanting Qiang, Jing Lu, Yang Liang, Juan Du","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) levels can serve as a sensitive biomarker in multiple myeloma (MM). In the research setting, sBCMA levels can be accurately detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but the approach has not been approved for clinical use. Here, we used a novel chemiluminescence method to assess sBCMA levels in 759 serum samples from 17 healthy donors and 443 patients with plasma cell (PC) diseases including AL amyloidosis, POEMS syndrome, and MM. Serum BCMA levels were elevated 16.1-fold in patients with newly diagnosed MM compared to healthy donors and rare PC diseases patients. Specifically, the sBCMA levels in patients with progressive disease were 64.6-fold higher than those who showed partial response or above to treatment. The sBCMA level also correlated negatively with the response depth of MM patients. In newly diagnosed and relapsed MM patients, survival was significantly longer among those subjects whose sBCMA levels are below the median levels compared with those above the median value. We optimized the accuracy of the survival prediction further by integrating sBCMA level into the Second Revised International Staging System (R2-ISS). Our findings provide evidence that the novel chemiluminescence method is sensitive and practical for measuring sBCMA levels in clinical samples and confirm that sBCMA might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gut-skin axis has recently been widely recognized, and both the gut and skin have been found to affect each other through a bidirectional connection; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic skin damage (CSD) on mouse intestines. Following the CSD model, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate was applied to the back-shaved murine skin six times for 2 weeks after tape stripping. The small and large intestines were analyzed histologically and immunologically, respectively. Intestinal permeability was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated-dextran. The role of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the ileum was investigated using an anti-IL-13 antibody. Apoptotic intestinal cells were analyzed using TUNEL staining. Villus atrophy was observed in the small intestine in the CSD model, along with increased permeability. Mast cells, but not T cells, eosinophils, or innate lymph cell-2, were increased in the intestinal mucosa. However, no significant changes were observed in the large intestine. mRNA expression of IL-13 was increased only in the ileum of the CSD model. Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells were significantly increased in the ileum of the CSD model. Administration of an anti-IL-13 antibody ameliorated the intestinal damage caused by CSD, along with decreased apoptotic cells and mast cell infiltration. Skin damage causes morphological changes in the small intestine, accompanied by increased intestinal permeability, possibly through the IL-13-induced apoptosis of mast cells in the epithelium. Surfactant-mediated mechanical skin damage can cause a leaky gut.
{"title":"Chronic skin damage induces small intestinal damage via IL-13-induced apoptosis.","authors":"Rina Tanemoto, Masaaki Higashiyama, Akira Tomioka, Suguru Ito, Akinori Mizoguchi, Shin Nishii, Kenichi Inaba, Akinori Wada, Nao Sugihara, Yoshinori Hanawa, Kazuki Horiuchi, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chie Kurihara, Yoshihiro Akita, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Shunsuke Komoto, Kengo Tomita, Takahiro Satoh, Hitoshi Tsuda, Ryota Hokari","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut-skin axis has recently been widely recognized, and both the gut and skin have been found to affect each other through a bidirectional connection; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic skin damage (CSD) on mouse intestines. Following the CSD model, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate was applied to the back-shaved murine skin six times for 2 weeks after tape stripping. The small and large intestines were analyzed histologically and immunologically, respectively. Intestinal permeability was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated-dextran. The role of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the ileum was investigated using an anti-IL-13 antibody. Apoptotic intestinal cells were analyzed using TUNEL staining. Villus atrophy was observed in the small intestine in the CSD model, along with increased permeability. Mast cells, but not T cells, eosinophils, or innate lymph cell-2, were increased in the intestinal mucosa. However, no significant changes were observed in the large intestine. mRNA expression of IL-13 was increased only in the ileum of the CSD model. Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells were significantly increased in the ileum of the CSD model. Administration of an anti-IL-13 antibody ameliorated the intestinal damage caused by CSD, along with decreased apoptotic cells and mast cell infiltration. Skin damage causes morphological changes in the small intestine, accompanied by increased intestinal permeability, possibly through the IL-13-induced apoptosis of mast cells in the epithelium. Surfactant-mediated mechanical skin damage can cause a leaky gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"240-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Granito, Paolo Muratori, Georgios Pappas, Marco Lenzi, Albert J Czaja, Luigi Muratori
Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) with anti-microfilament actin (MF-SMA) specificity are regarded as highly specific markers of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1) but their recognition relying on immunofluorescence of vessel, glomeruli, and tubules (SMA-VGT pattern) in rodent kidney tissue, is restricted by operator-dependent interpretation. A gold standard method for their identification is not available. We assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy for AIH-1 of an embryonal aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell line-based assay with those of the rodent tissue-based assay for the detection of MF-SMA pattern in AIH-1 patients and controls. Sera from 138 AIH-1 patients and 295 controls (105 primary biliary cholangitis, 40 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 50 chronic viral hepatitis, 20 alcohol-related liver disease, 40 steatotic liver disease, and 40 healthy controls) were assayed for MF-SMA and SMA-VGT using VSM-based and rodent tissue-based assays, respectively. MF-SMA and SMA-VGT were found in 96 (70%) and 87 (63%) AIH-1 patients, and 2 controls (P < 0.0001). Compared with SMA-VGT, MF-SMA showed similar specificity (99%), higher sensitivity (70% vs 63%, P = ns) and likelihood ratio for a positive test (70 vs 65). Nine (7%) AIH-1 patients were MF-SMA positive despite being SMA-VGT negative. Overall agreement between SMA-VGT and MF-SMA was 87% (kappa coefficient 0.870, [0.789-0.952]). MF-SMA were associated with higher serum γ-globulin [26 (12-55) vs 20 g/l (13-34), P < 0.005] and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels [3155 (1296-7344) vs 2050 mg/dl (1377-3357), P < 0.002]. The easily recognizable IFL MF-SMA pattern on VSM cells strongly correlated with SMA-VGT and has an equally high specificity for AIH-1. Confirmation of these results in other laboratories would support the clinical application of the VSM cell-based assay for reliable detection of AIH-specific SMA.
{"title":"Easy recognition and high autoimmune hepatitis specificity of smooth muscle antibodies giving an actin microfilament immunofluorescent pattern on embryonal vascular smooth muscle cells.","authors":"Alessandro Granito, Paolo Muratori, Georgios Pappas, Marco Lenzi, Albert J Czaja, Luigi Muratori","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) with anti-microfilament actin (MF-SMA) specificity are regarded as highly specific markers of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1) but their recognition relying on immunofluorescence of vessel, glomeruli, and tubules (SMA-VGT pattern) in rodent kidney tissue, is restricted by operator-dependent interpretation. A gold standard method for their identification is not available. We assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy for AIH-1 of an embryonal aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell line-based assay with those of the rodent tissue-based assay for the detection of MF-SMA pattern in AIH-1 patients and controls. Sera from 138 AIH-1 patients and 295 controls (105 primary biliary cholangitis, 40 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 50 chronic viral hepatitis, 20 alcohol-related liver disease, 40 steatotic liver disease, and 40 healthy controls) were assayed for MF-SMA and SMA-VGT using VSM-based and rodent tissue-based assays, respectively. MF-SMA and SMA-VGT were found in 96 (70%) and 87 (63%) AIH-1 patients, and 2 controls (P < 0.0001). Compared with SMA-VGT, MF-SMA showed similar specificity (99%), higher sensitivity (70% vs 63%, P = ns) and likelihood ratio for a positive test (70 vs 65). Nine (7%) AIH-1 patients were MF-SMA positive despite being SMA-VGT negative. Overall agreement between SMA-VGT and MF-SMA was 87% (kappa coefficient 0.870, [0.789-0.952]). MF-SMA were associated with higher serum γ-globulin [26 (12-55) vs 20 g/l (13-34), P < 0.005] and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels [3155 (1296-7344) vs 2050 mg/dl (1377-3357), P < 0.002]. The easily recognizable IFL MF-SMA pattern on VSM cells strongly correlated with SMA-VGT and has an equally high specificity for AIH-1. Confirmation of these results in other laboratories would support the clinical application of the VSM cell-based assay for reliable detection of AIH-specific SMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Schnell, Carmen Aicher, Philipp A Schnegelsberg, Benedikt Schwarz, Hannah Schmidt, Ida Allabauer, Aline Rückel, Adrian P Regensburger, Joachim Woelfle, André Hoerning
T cells are one of the main drivers of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Infliximab (IFX) is used in the treatment of IBD as an anti-inflammatory drug to induce remission by neutralizing TNFα. We determined the individual chemokine/homing receptor and cytokine profile in pediatric IBD patients before and during IFX therapy to identify predictive biomarkers for therapy success. Peripheral blood CD4+ cells from pediatric patients with IBD were immunomagnetically isolated and either directly analyzed by FACS for cell distribution and chemokine/homing receptor expression or evaluated for cytokine production after in-vitro-stimulation. 21 responders (RS) and 21 non-responders (NRS) were recruited. Before IFX therapy, flow cytometry revealed decreased percentages of naïve conventional T cells in pediatric IBD patients. The proportions of CD62-L+ T cells were decreased in both CD and UC therapy responders. The cytokine profile of T cells was highly altered in IBD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). During IFX therapy, the frequencies of conventional memory and regulatory memory T cells expanded in both cohorts. IFX response was marked by a decrease of α4β7+ and IFNγ+ memory T cells in both CD and UC. In contrast, frequencies of Lag-3+ T cells proved to be significantly increased in NRS. These observations were irrespective of the underlying disease. T cells of pediatric IBD patients display an activated and rather Th1/Th17 shifted phenotype The increased expression of the checkpoint molecule Lag-3 on T cells of NRS resembles a more exhausted phenotype than in RS and HC which appeared to be a relevant predictive marker for therapy failure.
T 细胞是炎症性肠病(IBD)的主要诱因之一。英夫利昔单抗(IFX)作为一种抗炎药物被用于治疗 IBD,通过中和 TNFα 诱导病情缓解。我们测定了小儿 IBD 患者在 IFX 治疗前和治疗期间的趋化因子/归巢受体和细胞因子谱,以确定治疗成功的预测性生物标志物。对小儿 IBD 患者的外周血 CD4+ 细胞进行免疫磁分离,并通过 FACS 直接分析细胞分布和趋化因子/归巢受体的表达,或在体外刺激后评估细胞因子的产生。共招募了 21 名应答者(RS)和 21 名非应答者(NRS)。在接受 IFX 治疗前,流式细胞术显示小儿 IBD 患者的幼稚常规 T 细胞比例下降。CD和UC治疗应答者的CD62-L+ T细胞比例均有所下降。与健康对照组(HC)相比,IBD 患者 T 细胞的细胞因子谱发生了很大变化。在 IFX 治疗期间,两组患者的常规记忆和调节性记忆 T 细胞的频率都有所增加。IFX反应的显著特点是,CD和UC患者的α4β7+和IFNγ+记忆T细胞均减少。相反,Lag-3+ T 细胞的频率在 NRS 中明显增加。这些观察结果与基础疾病无关。小儿 IBD 患者的 T 细胞表现出活化和 Th1/Th17 转移的表型 NRS T 细胞中检查点分子 Lag-3 表达的增加与 RS 和 HC 相比更像一种衰竭的表型,这似乎是治疗失败的相关预测指标。
{"title":"Exhausted Lag-3+ CD4+ T cells are increased in pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Alexander Schnell, Carmen Aicher, Philipp A Schnegelsberg, Benedikt Schwarz, Hannah Schmidt, Ida Allabauer, Aline Rückel, Adrian P Regensburger, Joachim Woelfle, André Hoerning","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells are one of the main drivers of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Infliximab (IFX) is used in the treatment of IBD as an anti-inflammatory drug to induce remission by neutralizing TNFα. We determined the individual chemokine/homing receptor and cytokine profile in pediatric IBD patients before and during IFX therapy to identify predictive biomarkers for therapy success. Peripheral blood CD4+ cells from pediatric patients with IBD were immunomagnetically isolated and either directly analyzed by FACS for cell distribution and chemokine/homing receptor expression or evaluated for cytokine production after in-vitro-stimulation. 21 responders (RS) and 21 non-responders (NRS) were recruited. Before IFX therapy, flow cytometry revealed decreased percentages of naïve conventional T cells in pediatric IBD patients. The proportions of CD62-L+ T cells were decreased in both CD and UC therapy responders. The cytokine profile of T cells was highly altered in IBD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). During IFX therapy, the frequencies of conventional memory and regulatory memory T cells expanded in both cohorts. IFX response was marked by a decrease of α4β7+ and IFNγ+ memory T cells in both CD and UC. In contrast, frequencies of Lag-3+ T cells proved to be significantly increased in NRS. These observations were irrespective of the underlying disease. T cells of pediatric IBD patients display an activated and rather Th1/Th17 shifted phenotype The increased expression of the checkpoint molecule Lag-3 on T cells of NRS resembles a more exhausted phenotype than in RS and HC which appeared to be a relevant predictive marker for therapy failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe trauma can lead to numerous serious complications, threating the well-being and vitality of the afflicted. The quantity and functionality of PMNs undergo rapid transformations in response to severe trauma, playing a pivotal role in the trauma response. The absence of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) profoundly impairs the functionality of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), a function of paramount importance in trauma. In this study, by generating mice with C/EBPε knocked out or overexpressed, we substantiate that C/EBPε ensures the restoration of PMN function, enhancing the expression of antimicrobial proteins and thereby promoting trauma recovery. Furthermore, diminished expression of C/EBPε is observed in trauma patients, with levels displaying a negative correlation with ISS and APACHE II scores, suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical treatment. Mechanistically, we uncover the upregulation of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P300 participating in the suppression of C/EBPε acetylation, consequently reducing the resilience of mice to trauma. As therapeutic interventions, whether through the sole administration of PMN, NAM treatment, or their combination, all result in an increased survival rate in traumatic mice. In conclusion, our study elucidates the role of C/EBPε in enhancing the resilience to trauma and identifies C/EBPε acetylation as a critical regulatory mechanism, offering potential therapeutic approaches involving PMN transfusion and NAM treatment.
{"title":"C/EBPε and its acetylation in PMN enhance the tolerance to trauma.","authors":"Shaowen Cheng, Junyu Zhu, Yangyang Bian, Jiangling Yao, Wei Zhang, Shuangqin Yin, Tianyin Kuang, Lina Xian, Huaping Liang","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe trauma can lead to numerous serious complications, threating the well-being and vitality of the afflicted. The quantity and functionality of PMNs undergo rapid transformations in response to severe trauma, playing a pivotal role in the trauma response. The absence of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) profoundly impairs the functionality of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), a function of paramount importance in trauma. In this study, by generating mice with C/EBPε knocked out or overexpressed, we substantiate that C/EBPε ensures the restoration of PMN function, enhancing the expression of antimicrobial proteins and thereby promoting trauma recovery. Furthermore, diminished expression of C/EBPε is observed in trauma patients, with levels displaying a negative correlation with ISS and APACHE II scores, suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical treatment. Mechanistically, we uncover the upregulation of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P300 participating in the suppression of C/EBPε acetylation, consequently reducing the resilience of mice to trauma. As therapeutic interventions, whether through the sole administration of PMN, NAM treatment, or their combination, all result in an increased survival rate in traumatic mice. In conclusion, our study elucidates the role of C/EBPε in enhancing the resilience to trauma and identifies C/EBPε acetylation as a critical regulatory mechanism, offering potential therapeutic approaches involving PMN transfusion and NAM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: Tubulin beta is not the target of antineutrophil antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis.","authors":"Beate Preuß, Reinhild Klein","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxae064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Halima Kholaiq, Yousra Abdelmoumen, Abderrahmane Moundir, Assiya El Kettani, Fatima Ailal, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Fatima Adnane, Asmaa Drissi Bourhanbour, Naima Amenzoui, Jalila El Bakkouri, Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces pneumonia and acute respiratory failure in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with inborn errors of immunity to type I interferon (IFN-I). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely, ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to life-threatening illness and organ failure, with a higher incidence in men than in women. Approximately 3 to 5% of critical COVID-19 patients under 60 and a smaller percentage of elderly patients exhibit genetic defects in IFN-I production, including X-chromosome-linked TLR7 and autosomal TLR3 deficiencies. Around 15 to 20% of cases over 70 years old, and a smaller percentage of younger patients, present with preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons. Additionally, innate errors affecting the control of the response to type I interferon have been associated with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Several studies have described rare errors of immunity, such as XIAP deficiency, CYBB, SOCS1, OAS1/2, and RNASEL, as underlying factors in MIS-C susceptibility. However, further investigations in expanded patient cohorts are needed to validate these findings and pave the way for new genetic approaches to MIS-C. This review aims to present recent evidence from the scientific literature on genetic and immunological abnormalities predisposing individuals to critical SARS-CoV-2 infection through IFN-I. We will also discuss multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Understanding the immunological mechanisms and pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 may inform personalized patient care and population protection strategies against future serious viral infections.
{"title":"Human Genetic and Immunological Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.","authors":"Halima Kholaiq, Yousra Abdelmoumen, Abderrahmane Moundir, Assiya El Kettani, Fatima Ailal, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Fatima Adnane, Asmaa Drissi Bourhanbour, Naima Amenzoui, Jalila El Bakkouri, Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces pneumonia and acute respiratory failure in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with inborn errors of immunity to type I interferon (IFN-I). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely, ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to life-threatening illness and organ failure, with a higher incidence in men than in women. Approximately 3 to 5% of critical COVID-19 patients under 60 and a smaller percentage of elderly patients exhibit genetic defects in IFN-I production, including X-chromosome-linked TLR7 and autosomal TLR3 deficiencies. Around 15 to 20% of cases over 70 years old, and a smaller percentage of younger patients, present with preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons. Additionally, innate errors affecting the control of the response to type I interferon have been associated with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Several studies have described rare errors of immunity, such as XIAP deficiency, CYBB, SOCS1, OAS1/2, and RNASEL, as underlying factors in MIS-C susceptibility. However, further investigations in expanded patient cohorts are needed to validate these findings and pave the way for new genetic approaches to MIS-C. This review aims to present recent evidence from the scientific literature on genetic and immunological abnormalities predisposing individuals to critical SARS-CoV-2 infection through IFN-I. We will also discuss multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Understanding the immunological mechanisms and pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 may inform personalized patient care and population protection strategies against future serious viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tali Eviatar, Adi Pappo, Tal Freund, Yishai Friedlander, Ori Elkayam, David Hagin, Merav Heshin-Bekenstein
This paper aims to compare the cellular immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine of pediatric patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (pAIIRD) and healthy controls. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted between April 2021 and December 2022 at the Tel Aviv Medical Center. Children <18 years, with pediatric-onset AIIRD and healthy controls, who have received at least two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, were included. Humoral response was evaluated by serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibodies. Cellular response was evaluated by flow cytometry, measuring IFNγ and TNFα production by CD4+ T cells following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 Spike peptide mix. The study included 20 pAIIRD patients and 11 controls. The mean age of participants was 12.6 ± 2.94 years, with 58.1% females. The cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine was statistically similar in both groups. However, the humoral response was statistically lower in pAIIRD compared with the healthy control group. There was no statistically significant correlation between the humoral response and cellular response. During the study period, 43.75% of AIIRD children and 72.7% of controls had a breakthrough COVID-19 infection (P = 0.48). Bivariate models examining the effect of the cellular response and presence of an AIIRD on breakthrough infections found no effect. Compared with healthy controls, pAIIRD demonstrated similar cellular responses. Patients showed reduced humoral response compared with healthy adolescents, but similar breakthrough infection rates. These findings may support the importance of the cellular response in protecting against COVID-19 infections.
{"title":"Cellular immune response to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in pediatric autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease patients and controls.","authors":"Tali Eviatar, Adi Pappo, Tal Freund, Yishai Friedlander, Ori Elkayam, David Hagin, Merav Heshin-Bekenstein","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to compare the cellular immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine of pediatric patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (pAIIRD) and healthy controls. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted between April 2021 and December 2022 at the Tel Aviv Medical Center. Children <18 years, with pediatric-onset AIIRD and healthy controls, who have received at least two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, were included. Humoral response was evaluated by serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibodies. Cellular response was evaluated by flow cytometry, measuring IFNγ and TNFα production by CD4+ T cells following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 Spike peptide mix. The study included 20 pAIIRD patients and 11 controls. The mean age of participants was 12.6 ± 2.94 years, with 58.1% females. The cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine was statistically similar in both groups. However, the humoral response was statistically lower in pAIIRD compared with the healthy control group. There was no statistically significant correlation between the humoral response and cellular response. During the study period, 43.75% of AIIRD children and 72.7% of controls had a breakthrough COVID-19 infection (P = 0.48). Bivariate models examining the effect of the cellular response and presence of an AIIRD on breakthrough infections found no effect. Compared with healthy controls, pAIIRD demonstrated similar cellular responses. Patients showed reduced humoral response compared with healthy adolescents, but similar breakthrough infection rates. These findings may support the importance of the cellular response in protecting against COVID-19 infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Savioli, Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, Andréia Fabiana do Vale Franco, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Ricardo Artigiani Neto, Alexandre Wagner Silva de Souza
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a granulomatous vasculitis that affects large arteries. T cells are important in TAK pathophysiology as these cells orchestrate granulomatous infiltration in arteries. This study aims to evaluate effector CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and the aortic wall of TAK patients and to analyze associations with disease activity and therapy. We performed a longitudinal study including 30 TAK patients and 30 controls. CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4- T cells, CD4+ T cells, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were evaluated in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, and the expression of CD4, CD8, Tbet, GATA-3, and RORγT was analyzed in the aorta of six patients by immunohistochemistry. TAK patients presented lower CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells (P = 0.031 and P = 0.039, respectively) than controls. Patients with active disease and those in remission had higher proportions of Th17 cells than controls (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively). Therapy for TAK did not result in significant differences concerning CD4+ effector T-cell subpopulations. Disease duration correlated with the number and percentage of Th2 cells (rho = -0.610 and rho = -0.463, respectively) and with Th17 cells (rho = -0.365 and rho = -0.568). In the aorta, the expression of CD8 was higher than CD4, whereas GATA-3, Tbet, and RORγT were expressed in this order of frequency. In conclusion, TAK patients present an increased Th17 response in the peripheral blood regardless of disease activity, whereas in the aortic tissue CD8 cells and the Th2 response were predominant.
高安动脉炎(TAK)是一种影响大动脉的肉芽肿性血管炎。T细胞在TAK病理生理学中起着重要作用,因为这些细胞能协调动脉中的肉芽肿浸润。本研究旨在评估 TAK 患者外周血和主动脉壁中的效应 CD4+ T 细胞,并分析其与疾病活动和治疗的关系。我们进行了一项纵向研究,其中包括 30 名 TAK 患者和 30 名对照组。通过流式细胞术评估了外周血中的CD3+ T细胞、CD3+CD4- T细胞、CD4+ T细胞以及Th1、Th2和Th17细胞,并通过免疫组化分析了6名患者主动脉中CD4、CD8、Tbet、GATA-3和RORγT的表达。与对照组相比,TAK 患者的 CD3+ T 细胞和 CD4+ T 细胞数量较低(分别为 p=0.031 和 p=0.039)。活动期患者和缓解期患者的Th17细胞比例高于对照组(分别为p=0.016和p=0.004)。TAK治疗并未导致CD4+效应T细胞亚群的显著差异。疾病持续时间与Th2细胞的数量和百分比相关(rho=-0.610和rho=-0.463),与Th17细胞相关(rho=-0.365和rho=-0.568)。在主动脉中,CD8的表达高于CD4,而GATA-3、Tbet和RORγT的表达频率依次为CD4、Tbet和RORγT。总之,无论疾病活动如何,TAK 患者外周血中 Th17 反应增加,而在主动脉组织中 CD8 细胞和 Th2 反应占主导地位。
{"title":"Effector CD4+ T-cell subsets in Takayasu arteritis-differences between the peripheral blood and the aorta.","authors":"Bruna Savioli, Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, Andréia Fabiana do Vale Franco, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Ricardo Artigiani Neto, Alexandre Wagner Silva de Souza","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a granulomatous vasculitis that affects large arteries. T cells are important in TAK pathophysiology as these cells orchestrate granulomatous infiltration in arteries. This study aims to evaluate effector CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and the aortic wall of TAK patients and to analyze associations with disease activity and therapy. We performed a longitudinal study including 30 TAK patients and 30 controls. CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4- T cells, CD4+ T cells, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were evaluated in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, and the expression of CD4, CD8, Tbet, GATA-3, and RORγT was analyzed in the aorta of six patients by immunohistochemistry. TAK patients presented lower CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells (P = 0.031 and P = 0.039, respectively) than controls. Patients with active disease and those in remission had higher proportions of Th17 cells than controls (P = 0.016 and P = 0.004, respectively). Therapy for TAK did not result in significant differences concerning CD4+ effector T-cell subpopulations. Disease duration correlated with the number and percentage of Th2 cells (rho = -0.610 and rho = -0.463, respectively) and with Th17 cells (rho = -0.365 and rho = -0.568). In the aorta, the expression of CD8 was higher than CD4, whereas GATA-3, Tbet, and RORγT were expressed in this order of frequency. In conclusion, TAK patients present an increased Th17 response in the peripheral blood regardless of disease activity, whereas in the aortic tissue CD8 cells and the Th2 response were predominant.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren E Higdon, Sheila Scheiding, Anna M Kus, Noha Lim, S Alice Long, Mark S Anderson, Alice E Wiedeman
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunophenotyping is crucial in tracking activation, disease state, and response to therapy in human subjects. Many studies require the shipping of blood from clinical sites to a laboratory for processing to PBMC, which can lead to delays that impact sample quality. We used an extensive cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) immunophenotyping panel to analyze the impacts of delays to processing and distinct storage conditions on cell composition and quality of PBMC from seven adults across a range of ages, including two with rheumatoid arthritis. Two or more days of delay to processing resulted in extensive red blood cell contamination and increased variability of cell counts. While total memory and naïve B- and T-cell populations were maintained, 4-day delays reduced the frequencies of monocytes. Variation across all immune subsets increased with delays of up to 7 days in processing. Unbiased clustering analysis to define more granular subsets confirmed changes in PBMC composition, including decreases of classical and non-classical monocytes, basophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and follicular helper T cells, with each subset impacted at a distinct time of delay. Expression of activation markers and chemokine receptors changed by Day 2, with differential impacts across subsets and markers. Our data support existing recommendations to process PBMC within 36 h of collection but provide guidance on appropriate immunophenotyping experiments with longer delays.
外周血单核细胞(PBMC)免疫分型对于跟踪人体活化、疾病状态和治疗反应至关重要。许多研究需要将血液从临床地点运送到实验室处理成 PBMC,这可能会导致延误,影响样本质量。我们使用了大量的飞行时间细胞计数法(CyTOF)免疫表型面板来分析延迟处理和不同储存条件对细胞组成和 PBMC 质量的影响,这些样本来自七个不同年龄段的成年人,其中包括两名类风湿性关节炎患者。延迟两天或两天以上处理会导致大量红细胞污染和细胞计数变异性增加。虽然记忆细胞、幼稚 B 细胞和 T 细胞总数得以保持,但延迟四天处理会降低单核细胞的频率。处理时间延迟七天,所有免疫亚群的变异都会增加。通过无偏聚类分析确定更细粒度的亚群,证实了 PBMC 组成的变化,包括经典和非经典单核细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、浆细胞树突状细胞和滤泡辅助 T 细胞的减少,每个亚群都在不同的延迟时间受到影响。活化标志物和趋化因子受体的表达在第二天发生了变化,不同亚群和标志物受到的影响也不同。我们的数据支持现有的建议,即在采集后 36 小时内处理 PBMC,但也为延迟更长时间进行适当的免疫分型实验提供了指导。
{"title":"Impact on in-depth immunophenotyping of delay to peripheral blood processing.","authors":"Lauren E Higdon, Sheila Scheiding, Anna M Kus, Noha Lim, S Alice Long, Mark S Anderson, Alice E Wiedeman","doi":"10.1093/cei/uxae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cei/uxae041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immunophenotyping is crucial in tracking activation, disease state, and response to therapy in human subjects. Many studies require the shipping of blood from clinical sites to a laboratory for processing to PBMC, which can lead to delays that impact sample quality. We used an extensive cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) immunophenotyping panel to analyze the impacts of delays to processing and distinct storage conditions on cell composition and quality of PBMC from seven adults across a range of ages, including two with rheumatoid arthritis. Two or more days of delay to processing resulted in extensive red blood cell contamination and increased variability of cell counts. While total memory and naïve B- and T-cell populations were maintained, 4-day delays reduced the frequencies of monocytes. Variation across all immune subsets increased with delays of up to 7 days in processing. Unbiased clustering analysis to define more granular subsets confirmed changes in PBMC composition, including decreases of classical and non-classical monocytes, basophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and follicular helper T cells, with each subset impacted at a distinct time of delay. Expression of activation markers and chemokine receptors changed by Day 2, with differential impacts across subsets and markers. Our data support existing recommendations to process PBMC within 36 h of collection but provide guidance on appropriate immunophenotyping experiments with longer delays.</p>","PeriodicalId":10268,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","volume":" ","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}