terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). ChronoPhysiology and Therapy
{"title":"Etiopathology and neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: focus on biological rhythms and chronotherapy","authors":"R. Robillard, A. Boafo","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S56453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S56453","url":null,"abstract":"terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83843317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2016:6 15–27 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"Biological rhythms and fertility: the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis","authors":"E. Toffol, O. Heikinheimo, T. Partonen","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S84855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S84855","url":null,"abstract":"php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2016:6 15–27 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Hrushesky, J. Grutsch, D. Huff, Linda Tavolacci, Thomas Kazlausky
There is now little doubt that disrupted day/night (circadian) time structures are involved in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic disease. It has been established that the incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer is increased as a result of nocturnal exposure to light and circadian function disruption and that cancer patient survival is diminished. So the question is: what public health measures can be implemented to minimize these health hazards? In addition, untreated cancer patients experience the symptom cluster of brief, interrupted, and poor nighttime sleep; depressed mood/anxiety; daytime fatigue/lethargy; and anorexia/early satiety/diminished taste sensation - each of which is virtually pathognomonic of a disrupted circadian temporal organization. Direct measurements of patients' activities and their timing and intensity using actigraphy reveal that untreated cancer patients experience severe deterioration in the robustness (amplitude) and day-to-day phase stability of their daily rest/ activity rhythms - and one of the most personal and socially destructive results of such circadian disorientation is unplanned, unwanted, and avoidable temporal isolation from family, friends, and society. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of the circadian clock is a powerful tool for improving cancer patients' quality of life (QOL), making life more worth living and perhaps prolonging higher quality survival. We herein take what we have learned to design and execute strategies shown to be beneficial and carefully measure cancer patient benefits. Outcome measures include indices that describe our ability to enhance/maintain circadian organization and orientation, diminish the above-mentioned symptoms, and improve QOL and survival prolongation. We herein implement a suite of noninvasive, riskless and costless, largely behavior-based circadian rhythm entrainment and disturbance avoidance techniques for widespread everyday use by cancer patients and survivors together with real-time actigraphic monitoring, continuous electronic feedback, and positive reinforcement of these simple temporal tuning interventions.
{"title":"Temporal tuning of daily rhythms helps advanced cancer patients and cancer survivors feel better, live better, and live longer","authors":"W. Hrushesky, J. Grutsch, D. Huff, Linda Tavolacci, Thomas Kazlausky","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S74070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S74070","url":null,"abstract":"There is now little doubt that disrupted day/night (circadian) time structures are involved in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic disease. It has been established that the incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer is increased as a result of nocturnal exposure to light and circadian function disruption and that cancer patient survival is diminished. So the question is: what public health measures can be implemented to minimize these health hazards? In addition, untreated cancer patients experience the symptom cluster of brief, interrupted, and poor nighttime sleep; depressed mood/anxiety; daytime fatigue/lethargy; and anorexia/early satiety/diminished taste sensation - each of which is virtually pathognomonic of a disrupted circadian temporal organization. Direct measurements of patients' activities and their timing and intensity using actigraphy reveal that untreated cancer patients experience severe deterioration in the robustness (amplitude) and day-to-day phase stability of their daily rest/ activity rhythms - and one of the most personal and socially destructive results of such circadian disorientation is unplanned, unwanted, and avoidable temporal isolation from family, friends, and society. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of the circadian clock is a powerful tool for improving cancer patients' quality of life (QOL), making life more worth living and perhaps prolonging higher quality survival. We herein take what we have learned to design and execute strategies shown to be beneficial and carefully measure cancer patient benefits. Outcome measures include indices that describe our ability to enhance/maintain circadian organization and orientation, diminish the above-mentioned symptoms, and improve QOL and survival prolongation. We herein implement a suite of noninvasive, riskless and costless, largely behavior-based circadian rhythm entrainment and disturbance avoidance techniques for widespread everyday use by cancer patients and survivors together with real-time actigraphic monitoring, continuous electronic feedback, and positive reinforcement of these simple temporal tuning interventions.","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83291384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. D. Berardis, L. Orsolini, N. Serroni, G. Girinelli, F. Iasevoli, C. Tomasetti, M. Mazza, A. Valchera, M. Fornaro, Giampaolo Robert Perna, M. Piersanti, M. Nicola, M. Cavuto, G. Martinotti, M. Giannantonio
License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2015:5 65–75 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress
许可证。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。关于如何请求许可的信息可以在:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php chronphysiology and Therapy 2015:5 65-75 chronphysiology and Therapy Dovepress找到
{"title":"The role of melatonin in mood disorders","authors":"D. D. Berardis, L. Orsolini, N. Serroni, G. Girinelli, F. Iasevoli, C. Tomasetti, M. Mazza, A. Valchera, M. Fornaro, Giampaolo Robert Perna, M. Piersanti, M. Nicola, M. Cavuto, G. Martinotti, M. Giannantonio","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S41761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S41761","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2015:5 65–75 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87354838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The light information pathways and their relationship with the body rhythms have generated a new insight into the neurobiology and the neurobehavioral sciences, as well as into the clinical approaches to human diseases associated with disruption of circadian cycles. Light-based strategies and/or drugs acting on the circadian rhythms have widely been used in psychiatric patients characterized by mood-related disorders, but the timing and dosage use of the various treatments, although based on international guidelines, are mainly dependent on the psychiatric experiences. Further, many efforts have been made to identify biomarkers able to disclose the circadian-related aspect of diseases, and therefore serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools in clinic to assess the different mood- related symptoms, including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, loss of interest or pleasure, appetite, psychomotor changes, and cognitive impairments. Among the endogenous factors suggested to be involved in mood regulation, the neurotrophins, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor show anatomical and functional link with the circadian system and mediate some of light-induced effects in brain. In addition, in humans, both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor have showed a daily rhythm, which correlate with the morningness-eveningness dimensions, and are influenced by light, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers for chronotypes and/or chronotherapy. The evidences of the relationship between the diverse mood-related disorders, with a specific focus on depression, and neurotrophins are reviewed and discussed herein in terms of their circadian significance, and potential translation into clinical practice.
{"title":"Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the chronobiology of mood: a new insight into the \"neurotrophic hypothesis\"","authors":"P. Tirassa, A. Quartini, A. Iannitelli","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S54526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S54526","url":null,"abstract":"The light information pathways and their relationship with the body rhythms have generated a new insight into the neurobiology and the neurobehavioral sciences, as well as into the clinical approaches to human diseases associated with disruption of circadian cycles. Light-based strategies and/or drugs acting on the circadian rhythms have widely been used in psychiatric patients characterized by mood-related disorders, but the timing and dosage use of the various treatments, although based on international guidelines, are mainly dependent on the psychiatric experiences. Further, many efforts have been made to identify biomarkers able to disclose the circadian-related aspect of diseases, and therefore serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools in clinic to assess the different mood- related symptoms, including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, loss of interest or pleasure, appetite, psychomotor changes, and cognitive impairments. Among the endogenous factors suggested to be involved in mood regulation, the neurotrophins, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor show anatomical and functional link with the circadian system and mediate some of light-induced effects in brain. In addition, in humans, both nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor have showed a daily rhythm, which correlate with the morningness-eveningness dimensions, and are influenced by light, suggesting their potential role as biomarkers for chronotypes and/or chronotherapy. The evidences of the relationship between the diverse mood-related disorders, with a specific focus on depression, and neurotrophins are reviewed and discussed herein in terms of their circadian significance, and potential translation into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87581505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Changes in the sleep–wake cycle across development from childhood to adulthood, typically involve a steady shortening of the sleep period and a delay of sleep phase, with a period of more rapid change across adolescence. Accompanying these changes is the maturation of neuroendocrine rhythms such as melatonin, cortisol, and pubertal hormones. These endogenous rhythms are closely associated with behavioral changes in rest and activity rhythms, although environmental factors such as light exposure and academic and social demands likely play an interactive role. Other behavioral aspects, such as physical activity and eating behaviors, are also associated with changes in sleep–wake rhythms, and may be mediational factors in the development of physical illnesses. The sleep–wake cycle and related factors are implicated in the development of mental illnesses. There are several potential avenues of future research that may be valuable in terms of improving interventions and treatments for both mental and physical illnesses.
{"title":"Variations in the sleep–wake cycle from childhood to adulthood: chronobiological perspectives","authors":"J. Carpenter, R. Robillard, I. Hickie","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S41765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S41765","url":null,"abstract":": Changes in the sleep–wake cycle across development from childhood to adulthood, typically involve a steady shortening of the sleep period and a delay of sleep phase, with a period of more rapid change across adolescence. Accompanying these changes is the maturation of neuroendocrine rhythms such as melatonin, cortisol, and pubertal hormones. These endogenous rhythms are closely associated with behavioral changes in rest and activity rhythms, although environmental factors such as light exposure and academic and social demands likely play an interactive role. Other behavioral aspects, such as physical activity and eating behaviors, are also associated with changes in sleep–wake rhythms, and may be mediational factors in the development of physical illnesses. The sleep–wake cycle and related factors are implicated in the development of mental illnesses. There are several potential avenues of future research that may be valuable in terms of improving interventions and treatments for both mental and physical illnesses.","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86471114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blood pressure, like most physiological processes, exhibits a circadian pattern of variation. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure is associated with end organ damage and increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and the molecular clock in main- taining circadian blood pressure patterns. We also consider disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythms and hypertension in distinct populations and the role of chronotherapy in the treatment
{"title":"Development of hypertension – clinical impact of dysregulation of circadian rhythms and implications for treatment","authors":"K. Solocinski, M. Gumz","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S54342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S54342","url":null,"abstract":"Blood pressure, like most physiological processes, exhibits a circadian pattern of variation. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure is associated with end organ damage and increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and the molecular clock in main- taining circadian blood pressure patterns. We also consider disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythms and hypertension in distinct populations and the role of chronotherapy in the treatment","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83206578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2015:5 15–25 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress
许可证。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。有关如何请求许可的信息可在以下网站找到:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php chronphysiology and Therapy 2015:5 15-25 chronphysiology and Therapy Dovepress
{"title":"Sleep electroencephalography as a biomarker in depression","authors":"A. Steiger, M. Pawlowski, M. Kimura","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S41760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S41760","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2015:5 15–25 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The patterns of activity/sleep, eating/fasting, etc show that our lives are under the control of an internal clock. Cancer is a systemic disease that affects sleep, feeding, and metabo- lism. All these processes are regulated by the circadian clock on the one hand, but on the other hand, they can serve as signals to tighten up the patient's circadian clock by robust daily routine. Usually, anticancer treatments take place in hospitals, where the patient's daily rest/activity pattern is changed. However, it has been shown that oncology patients with a disturbed circadian clock have poorer survival outcomes. The administration of different anticancer therapies can disturb the circadian cycle, but many cases show that circadian rhythms in tumors are deregulated per se. This fact can be used to plan anticancer therapies in such a manner that they will be most effective in antitumor action, but least toxic for the surrounding healthy tissue. Metabolic pro- cesses are highly regulated to prevent waste of energy and to ensure sufficient detoxification; as a consequence, xenobiotic metabolism is under tight circadian control. This gives the rationale for planning the administration of anticancer therapies in a chronomodulated manner. We review some of the potentially useful clinical praxes of anticancer therapies and discuss different pos- sible approaches to be used in drug development and design in the future.
{"title":"Circadian rhythms and new options for novel anticancer therapies","authors":"Uršula Prosenc Zmrzljak","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S54541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S54541","url":null,"abstract":"The patterns of activity/sleep, eating/fasting, etc show that our lives are under the control of an internal clock. Cancer is a systemic disease that affects sleep, feeding, and metabo- lism. All these processes are regulated by the circadian clock on the one hand, but on the other hand, they can serve as signals to tighten up the patient's circadian clock by robust daily routine. Usually, anticancer treatments take place in hospitals, where the patient's daily rest/activity pattern is changed. However, it has been shown that oncology patients with a disturbed circadian clock have poorer survival outcomes. The administration of different anticancer therapies can disturb the circadian cycle, but many cases show that circadian rhythms in tumors are deregulated per se. This fact can be used to plan anticancer therapies in such a manner that they will be most effective in antitumor action, but least toxic for the surrounding healthy tissue. Metabolic pro- cesses are highly regulated to prevent waste of energy and to ensure sufficient detoxification; as a consequence, xenobiotic metabolism is under tight circadian control. This gives the rationale for planning the administration of anticancer therapies in a chronomodulated manner. We review some of the potentially useful clinical praxes of anticancer therapies and discuss different pos- sible approaches to be used in drug development and design in the future.","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83085634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2014:4 137–145 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress
许可证。许可的完整条款可在http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/上获得。允许非商业用途的工作，没有任何进一步的许可，从多芬医学出版社有限公司，只要工作适当署名。超出许可范围的许可由多芬医疗新闻有限公司管理。有关如何请求许可的信息可在以下网站找到:http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php chronphysiology and Therapy 2014:4 137-145
{"title":"The relationship between circadian disruption and the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes","authors":"I. Karatsoreos","doi":"10.2147/CPT.S44799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S44799","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php ChronoPhysiology and Therapy 2014:4 137–145 ChronoPhysiology and Therapy Dovepress","PeriodicalId":10315,"journal":{"name":"ChronoPhysiology and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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