Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023最新文献

{"title":"The logistics of autonomous shipping and the AEGIS project","authors":"H. Psaraftis, T. Zis, M. R. Vilanova","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-013","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) transport policy recognizes the importance of the waterborne transport systems as key elements for sustainable growth in Europe. By 2030, 30 % of total road freight over 300 km should shift to rail or waterborne transport, and more than 50 % by 2050. Thus far, this ambition has failed. Horizon 2020 project AEGIS (for Advanced, Efficient and Green Intermodal Systems) proposes a new waterborne transport system for Europe that is green, robust, flexible, more automated and autonomous, and able to connect both rural and urban terminals. The purpose of this paper is to describe work and preliminary results from this project. To that effect, and in order to assess any solutions contemplated in AEGIS, a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been defined, and three specific use cases within in Europe are defined and evaluated according to these KPIs. KPIs represent the criteria under which the set of solutions developed under AEGIS are evaluated, and also compared to non-AEGIS solutions. They are grouped under economic, environmental and social KPIs. KPIs have been selected after a consultation process involving AEGIS partners and external Advisory Group members.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123128142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the Correct Interpretation of Real-Time Signals on the Well-Site","authors":"B. Daireaux, H. Brackel, Robert Ewald, Petter Markussen, Maria Johansen, M. Parak, Ghanshyam Yadav, Anar Ismayilov","doi":"10.2118/212509-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212509-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Drilling operations rely on the collaboration of many participants, and the efficiency of this collaboration depends on timely exchange of information. The complexity and variability of this information make it difficult to achieve interoperability between the involved systems. Recent industry efforts aim at facilitating the many aspects of interoperability. A central element is semantic interoperability: the ability to correctly interpret the real-time signals available on the rig. This contribution presents an implementation of semantic interoperability using OPC UA technology. It translates the principles developed through joint industry efforts into actual drilling operations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The process used the steps of characterizing the drilling real-time data with semantic graphs, and then developing methods to transfer this characterization to an operational real-time environment.\u0000 A semantic interoperability API (application programming interface) uses the semantic modelling capabilities of OPC UA. Its objectives are to facilitate the acquisition and identification of real-time signals (for data consumers) and their precise description (by data providers). The different components of the API reflect the diversity of scenarios one can expect to encounter on a rig: from WITS-like data streams with minimal semantics to fully characterized signals. The high-level interface makes use of semantical techniques, such as reasoning, to enable advanced features like validation or graph queries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The implementation phase resulted in a series of open-source solutions that cover all the stages of semantic interoperability. The server part integrates real-time sources and exposes their semantics. Data providers can use dedicated applications to accurately describe their own data, while data consumers have access to both predefined mechanisms and to more advanced programming interfaces to identify and interpret the available signals.\u0000 To facilitate the adoption of this technology, test applications are available that allow interested users to experiment and validate their own interfaces against realistic drilling data.\u0000 Finally, demonstrations involving several participants took place. The paper discusses both the testing procedures, the results and insights gained.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The solutions described in this contribution build on newly developed interoperability strategies: they make on-going industry efforts available to the community via modern technologies, such as OPC UA, semantic modelling, or reasoning.\u0000 Our hope is that the adoption of the developed technology should greatly facilitate the deployment of next generation drilling automation systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"44 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133319168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Taking Advantage of High Frequency Data Analytics to Address Environmental Challenges in Maritime Sector","authors":"S. Katsikas, George N. Manditsios, Fotis N. Dalmiras, G. Sakalis, George Antonopoulos, Andreas Doulgeridis, Dimitrios Mouzakis","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-006","url":null,"abstract":"Shipping operates in a challenging economic environment characterized among other by increasing environmental regulations aiming to contribute to the global GHG emissions reduction targets set. Smart monitoring tools are key solutions for shipping companies to adapt effectively and comply with the new environmental regulations set by local, regional, and international regulatory parties, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other stakeholders. The combination of high frequency data and the employment of advanced analytical technologies offers the shipping industry a great advantage. Continuous data monitoring enables reactive energy performance improvement / optimization, while it allows building up realistic performance models that are used for optimizing the commercial management of the vessels and serve as a basis for new projects. Vessel operational profile monitoring along with voyage planning through optimized speeds and weather routing, effective monitoring of hull & propeller bio-fouling, trim optimization, assessment of innovative solutions installation (i.e., waste heat recovery systems, energy saving devices, new painting schemes, etc.) are practices widely used nowadays to address GHG emissions reduction plan and performance optimization. Current study examines the importance of vessel continuous monitoring on the evaluation of the aforementioned measures, based on established methodologies, along with the development of new algorithms and mathematical models.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and their Impact on the Marine Environment","authors":"J. Kokarakis, E. J. Kokarakis, E. Ladakis, H. Petrakakos","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-040","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the negative impact of a marine polluter on the marine environment. Plastics degraded into micro and macroplastics harm the environment in many ways. Finding their way to the oceans cause increase in temperature at the surface and cooling in deeper waters. Degrading macroplastics releases potent greenhouse gases. More importantly, they are implicated to cause climate change. Plastic in the ocean affects its ability to act as a carbon sink by decelerating the “biogeochemical cycle of carbon”. The ocean is the largest natural sink for anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Various short- and long-term measures are also proposed to curb the flow of plastic waste into the Oceans.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115796941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Validation of Scalable Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) of Mud Pumps","authors":"Dongyoung Yoon, P. Ashok, E. van Oort, Pradeepkumar V. Annaiyappa, Shungo Abe","doi":"10.2118/212564-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212564-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although mud pumps are critical rig equipment, their health monitoring currently still relies on human observation. This approach often fails to detect pump damage at an early stage, resulting in non-productive time (NPT) and increased well construction cost when pumps go down unexpectedly and catastrophically. Automated approaches to condition-based maintenance (CBM) of mud pumps to date have failed due to the lack of a generalized solution applicable to any pump type and/or operating conditions. This paper presents a field-validated generally applicable solution to mud pump CBM.\u0000 Field tests were conducted during drilling operations in West Texas and Japan, to verify the feasibility of the developed pump CBM solution. An accelerometer and acoustic emission (AE) sensor were attached to pump modules, and data was collected during drilling operations. Anomaly detection deep-learning (DL) models were trained during run-time to pinpoint any abnormal behavior by the pump and its elements. The models were trained only with normal state data, and a damage score characterizing the extent of damage to the mud pump was calculated to identify the earliest signs of damage.\u0000 The system correctly identifies the degradation of the pump and produces alerts to notify the rig crew of the damage level of key mud pump components. During the field tests, different hyper-parameters and features were compared to identify the most effective ones for identifying damage while at the same time delivering low false positive rates (i.e., false alarms during normal state pump operation). The developed CBM system thus provides a generalized solution for pump monitoring, capable of working for different pumps and different operating conditions, and only requires several hours of normal state data with no prior pump data information. This system eliminates the environmental, health and safety (EHS) concerns that can occur during human-based observations of mud pump health, and avoids unnecessary NPT associated with catastrophic pump failures. The final version of this system is expected to be a fully self-contained magnetically attachable box containing sensors and processor, generating simple indicators for recommending pro-active pump maintenance tasks when needed.\u0000 This is the first successful attempt to validate a universally applicable DL-based CBM system for mud pumps in the field. The system allows more reliable continuous and automated pump monitoring by detecting damage in real-time, thereby enabling timely and pro-active mud pump maintenance and NPT avoidance.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"88 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116557426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Automated Advisory and Control Applications to a North Sea Jack-Up, Technology, Human-Centric Challenges and Resulting Performance Improvements at Scale","authors":"M. Forshaw, S. Hovda, John Macpherson","doi":"10.2118/212463-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212463-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As we begin a new decade, drilling systems automation has left its primary residence of PowerPoint slides and is now seeing wider adoption. In areas, the industry sees positive return-on-investment for automation technology development; both financially, from reduction in well construction cost, and in helping meet increasingly prominent ESG targets through emissions reduction.\u0000 This paper describes a long-term case study covering the introduction of multiple automated monitoring, advisory and control systems into an already highly optimized jack-up in the North Sea. These resulted in adding incremental value, delivering a multitude of operations significantly below AFE, as well creating a trend of increasing performance spanning a full field development campaign.\u0000 In addition to quantifying resulting operational cost-out, the paper addresses several points related to challenges of adoption: –Necessity for un-biased operational needs to drive technology development. The industry is often drawn to high-end solutions to complex problems when in fact there are low-hanging fruits, such as simple business-process-automation for reporting, which are highly desired by end-users.–The notion that while there is a lot of rigor in technology development processes, there is not enough focus on the critical human element of adoption. Linked to this is the common misconception that automated systems require less training, when in-fact the opposite is true.–End-user resistance on initial introduction of a black-box system for automated directional drilling. Retroactive software development moves to more grey- or white-box systems, with an associated positive response in user acceptance.–Critically of interoperability between operator, OFS and OEM systems. How this will become more important as both closed-loop control systems, and linkages to enterprise level systems, proliferate.\u0000 This long-term case study definitively demonstrates that automated systems add value. However, due to the human-component, management-of-change must be carefully considered as we scale adoption.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117211029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock Mechanics Analysis of Observed Borehole Instabilities in an Ekofisk Field Extended-Reach Well","authors":"Jairo Alexander Diaz Lopez, E. Omdal, James S. Rutherford, H. J. Skadsem","doi":"10.2118/212454-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212454-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The drilling of extended-reach wells is an increasingly common practice for improving the recovery from mature fields, and for producing distant oil and gas resources using existing infrastructure. From a geomechanical point of view, the drilling and completion of extended-reach wells may become technically very challenging, as these wells often have long sections drilled at high inclinations that can be prone to borehole instability problems such as pack-offs or collapse of the wellbore wall.\u0000 The case of an extended-reach well drilled in the Ekofisk field in the North Sea where borehole stability issues were observed and eventually resulted in the loss of the well is presented. A wellbore stability assessment is performed with well-specific stress and formation strength data that explores the possible failures that may have resulted in the loss of the well. In particular, a plane of weakness model is used to model possible shear failure along the bedding of the overburden shale formations. The uncertainty in the rock matrix strength is accounted for, as well as the cohesion, friction factor and orientation of the bedding plane, on the mud window using a Monte Carlo approach. This paper focuses in particular on how the properties of the bedding plane affect the minimum required mud weight, and compare to the actual mud weight used in operation.\u0000 The generated mud window acknowledging failure along the weakness planes suggests that this type of failure was a relevant failure mechanism over the 13 1/2-in section of the well, as the mud weight employed was not high enough to avoid it. Accounting for uncertainty and the failure along the weakness planes in extended-reach wells to be drilled in the Ekofisk area may generate safer mud windows that in turn may reduce the occurrence of wellbore instability in the field.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121027618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and Qualifying Equipment for a Potential World-Record Deepwater Casing Landing Operation","authors":"T. Chase, Aaron Garcia, K. Marchman, M. Mendoza, Chris von Eberstein, Jacob Tritz, Noah Tritz, Chris Jordan, L. Smith","doi":"10.2118/212545-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212545-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the design of deepwater wells continues to evolve for unlocking new reserves from deeper and challenging reservoir conditions, longer and heavier casing strings are required to achieve various well objectives and operational efficiency. The mechanical requirements resulting from the landing and cementing of these heavy casing strings pushes the limits on current equipment. Landing and cementing such heavy casing designs presents numerous challenges to conduct the operation safely and efficiently, requiring the implementation of non-conventional alternatives to manage the loads for enabling the existing rigs to step-out of the normal drilling envelopes.\u0000 For drilling the first deepwater 20,000 psi development well in Gulf of Mexico, the Operator required the large diameter nested liner strings to be deployed deeper than any offset well, for ensuring pressure containment while drilling and sufficient diameter for the larger production casing / completion equipment. As a result, the load of landing the 16″ nested liner string was expected to exceed 2.5 million lbf, which was outside of the operational capability of any existing equipment, including drilling rig, landing string and cementing head. The planning team assessed alternatives for running the liner with an existing drillship and the landing equipment available including pipe, cementing head and handling equipment. Rigorous measures had to be put in place in order to determine the technical requirements to qualify the equipment for the operation and better understand and mitigate the risks involved.\u0000 These challenges were overcome by considerable planning in landing string design, handling equipment implementation, assessing rig load path and shearing capability for the heavy landing string, equipment design review and testing, and equipment inspections and qualifications. Specific areas of focus included: the use of heavy-duty, high yield, thick wall landing string through the BOP stack, upgrading the shearing and sealing capability of the rig's BOP stack, use of buoyed landing string above the BOP stack and the associated handling equipment, an increased load rating of cementing equipment by re-evaluating design and material, customized inspection criteria for all equipment to be used, and a thorough evaluation of landing string accessories to validate structural integrity. All parties involved provided significant effort to ensure that the equipment used in this string was fit for purpose.\u0000 The stringent planning, ratings re-evaluation, and equipment qualifications helped ensure the successful landing of a potential world-record 2.49 million lbf hookload 16 in. liner string under challenging weather conditions. The successful landing of this string paves the way for future wells where similar design challenges will be faced.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129138401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems to Solve to Achieve Cost Efficient CO2 Injection Wells","authors":"Henrik Manum, Line Kristin Borgerud, R. Stokke","doi":"10.2118/212485-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212485-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper reviews particular challenges for offshore CO2 injector wells, and how these can be mitigated by improving tools, methods, and best practices. Further, challenges with assessment of leakage risk through existing wellbores is reviewed. Finally, a possible cost reduction path for offshore CO2 injection by simplifications in well design is given.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"871 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation on the Effect of Sea Currents on Weather Routing Optimisation","authors":"Ageliki Kytariolou, N. Themelis","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-027","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a preliminary investigation for the effect of sea currents on the identification of the optimal route utilising a developed weather routing tool is presented. The contribution of sea currents can be either positive when a moving vessel goes towards their flow and consequently time and fuel are potentially saved, or negative when moving against their flow affecting ship’s speed and consumption notably. The developed weather routing tool is based on a physics-based model for the calculation of main engine’s fuel oil consumption considering the forecasted weather along the route as well as ship characteristics. Several strategies for the treatment of the currents are examined reflecting different fuel oil and time savings.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116432386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}