Clinical immunology最新文献

{"title":"CD14+CD11c+HLA-II− monocytes are identified to be associated with osteoclastogenesis in ankylosing spondylitis","authors":"Lian Gui ,&nbsp;Zena Chen ,&nbsp;Liudan Tu ,&nbsp;Liuzhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiujing Wei ,&nbsp;Jieruo Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal monocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We investigated the association between an imbalance of monocyte subpopulations and bone destruction in AS. Compared to controls, AS patients exhibited increased CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁻ monocytes and decreased CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁺ monocytes in peripheral blood. LPS stimulation promoted a shift from CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁻ monocytes toward CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁺ monocytes, enhancing the former's capacity to promote CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. Micro RNA-seq analysis indicated that AS CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁻ monocytes were involved in osteoclast differentiation and overproduced soluble osteoclastogenic cytokine CSF-1. In 40 AS patients, evaluated CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁻ monocytes correlated positively with Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI inflammation score (<em>r</em> = 0.336, <em>P</em> = 0.034) and bone erosion score (<em>r</em> = 0.423, <em>P</em> = 0.007), but inversely with ankylosis score (<em>r</em> = −0.346, <em>P</em> = 0.029). Conversely, CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁺ monocytes showed the opposite correlation. Our findings demonstrate that expansion of CD14⁺CD11c⁺HLA-II⁻ monocytes contribute to bone erosion in AS, potentially mediated through CSF-1-driven osteoclast differentiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 110586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen protects against autoimmune myocarditis by inhibiting necroptosis via the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway","authors":"Shuang Pan ,&nbsp;Mengshu Yu ,&nbsp;Bowei Fan ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Xinrui Yang ,&nbsp;Jiawen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Hong ,&nbsp;Wei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune myocarditis refers to the inflammation of myocardial tissue caused by innate and adaptive immune responses, characterized by elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a classic pro-inflammatory factor. Although hydrogen exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, its therapeutic effects in autoimmune myocarditis have not been evaluated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore whether hydrogen can alleviate autoimmune myocarditis via TNF-α. An experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model was established in BALB/c mice via subcutaneous injection of pig-derived myocardial myoglobin emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. The treatment group received 2 % hydrogen inhalation twice a day (3 h each time) for 21 days. CD4+ T cell expression was higher in the EAM group than in the Control group, and this increase was attenuated following treatment with hydrogen. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α and related inflammatory factors were substantially higher in the EAM group than in the Control group, and these changes were reversed following hydrogen treatment. Echocardiography assessments demonstrated a significant improvement in heart function following treatment with hydrogen compared to that in the EAM group. Pathological results revealed significant inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the hearts of the untreated EAM group. Tissue immunofluorescence and protein immunoblotting indicated elevated necroptosis markers in the EAM group, which were downregulated after treatment with hydrogen. This study demonstrates that hydrogen effectively ameliorated autoimmune myocarditis by modulating necroptosis via the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway, making it a promising novel therapeutic strategy for myocarditis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 110577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel pathogenic MAN2B2 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and dysregulated glycosylation","authors":"Cheng Gong ,&nbsp;Changming Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Ying Jin ,&nbsp;Yangyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenlu Liu ,&nbsp;Qintao Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Guo ,&nbsp;Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Yu ,&nbsp;Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic factors have been demonstrated to play essential roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Identifying novel disease-causing genes of SLE helps to reveal its molecular mechanisms and new therapeutic targets. In this study, we identified biallelic loss-of-function variants of <em>MAN2B2</em> gene in five unrelated SLE patients by whole exome sequencing. They were characterized by autoimmunity, glomerulonephritis, leukopenia, and immune dysregulation. All variants were absent or ultrarare in population databases and predicted to be damaging by multiple <em>in silico</em> tools. Functional study showed that all the identified variants resulted in complete or partial enzymatic activity loss. Analyses of MAN2B2 knockout HEK293T cells, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and serum samples revealed defects in glycan degradation and N-glycosylation. The patients exhibited enhanced inflammatory signatures, especially the type I interferon and NF-κB pathways. Mechanically, MAN2B2 deficiency leads to dysregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) upon endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings broaden the genetic etiology spectrum of SLE and identify MAN2B2 as a pivotal regulator in maintaining immune homeostasis, paving the way for innovative diagnostic approaches and molecular pathway-specific therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-5 is an adjunctive biomarker for engraftment syndrome in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","authors":"Xing-Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-Meng Pan ,&nbsp;Yaroslav Kaminskiy ,&nbsp;Shi-Wei Jin ,&nbsp;Jian-Qing Mi ,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) can cause engraftment syndrome (ES), a clinical diagnosis without specific laboratory biomarkers. Herein, six cytokines commonly elevated during transplantation were chronologically detected during ASCT in 96 patients with newly diagnosed MM, 24.0 % of whom experienced ES. Among the molecules demonstrating remarkable peak levels, only IL-5 was able to differentiate ES from non-ES. IL-5 measured on day 12 emerged as an optimal indicator of ES, and its diagnostic value was enhanced when combined with the proportion of endogenous CD8⁺ T cells after engraftment and daratumumab-naive history. Notably, IL-5 levels on day 6 (IL-5 D6) served as the earliest predictor. 70.8 % of the patients could be predicted as having ES or non-ES via the IL-5 D6 cutoff value and daratumumab treatment history. It suggests that IL-5 can aid in estimating ES, and prior exposure to daratumumab may reduce the incidence of ES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors in health and disease progression: Focusing on cancer and therapy","authors":"Guhan Luo ,&nbsp;Rong Ni ,&nbsp;Xuanwei Huang ,&nbsp;Yuanhui Li ,&nbsp;Dingcun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SLAM family receptors are immunoglobulin superfamily receptors integral to immune cell communication and regulation. This review consolidates current knowledge on the structures and functions of SLAM family receptors members (SLAMF1–SLAMF9), emphasizing their roles within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, SLAMF7 has been extensively studied in multiple myeloma, serving as both a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Other SLAM family receptors are implicated in tumor immune evasion, drug resistance, and T-cell exhaustion. Emerging therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors, are evaluated. Despite promising findings, challenges such as functional redundancy and an incomplete understanding of the roles of SLAM family receptors across different cancer types persist. Ongoing research into their molecular mechanisms and clinical applications is essential for advancing effective cancer immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 110574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of inflammation-driven lung cancer: From external influences to internal regulation","authors":"Junhan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhe He ,&nbsp;Weitao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Xin Xia ,&nbsp;Zijie Li ,&nbsp;Aotian Mo ,&nbsp;Yizhang Chen ,&nbsp;Rixin Chen ,&nbsp;Guibin Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic inflammation is a crucial factor in the development and progression of lung cancer. External factors, such as indoor and outdoor air pollution and occupational hazards, along with imbalances in the lung microbiome, create a pro-inflammatory environment conducive to tumorigenesis. This review explores how various mechanisms drive the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators, leading to a tumor-promoting microenvironment. It also examines the roles of key cells in these processes and highlights the importance of epigenetic modifications in inflammation-driven lung cancer. Understanding these interactions provides insights into targeted therapeutic strategies and underscores the significance of addressing inflammation to reduce lung cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 110572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A specific bone marrow cytokine pattern in de novo acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Noémie Ravalet ,&nbsp;Hélène Guermouche ,&nbsp;Pierre Hirsch ,&nbsp;Frédéric Picou ,&nbsp;Vincent Flament ,&nbsp;Caroline Deswarte ,&nbsp;Amélie Foucault ,&nbsp;Jenny Beaud ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Rault ,&nbsp;Emeline Saindoy ,&nbsp;Sébastien Lachot ,&nbsp;Mara Memoli ,&nbsp;Nawa Hachem ,&nbsp;Jean-Alain Martignoles ,&nbsp;Valérie Gissot ,&nbsp;Ludovic Suner ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Gyan ,&nbsp;Ollivier Legrand ,&nbsp;Olivier Hérault ,&nbsp;François Delhommeau","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cancers. Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of normal and pathologic hematopoiesis. A pro-inflammatory state, described in hematopoietic malignancies, may participate in clonal selection. To identify recurrent cytokine patterns according to AML ontogenic subtypes, we quantified the concentration of 49 cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) plasma from 124 patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and from 94 healthy volunteers. We confirmed a pro-inflammatory profile in MDS and AML, with increased concentrations of CXCL8, CXCL10 and IL-6. Only a few cytokines varied when comparing AML to MDS. <em>De novo</em> AML subtypes carry a specific cytokine pattern dominated by the increase in CLEC11A concentrations and the decrease in FLT3 ligand concentrations. These cytokines could participate in clonal selection in this subtype of AML while being less critical in the other AMLs - <em>i.e.</em> secondary-like or <em>TP53-</em>mutated subtypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 110573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial bioenergetic failure in SLE immunocytes: Targeting fitness for therapy","authors":"Anjali S. Yennemadi ,&nbsp;Natasha Jordan ,&nbsp;Sophie Diong ,&nbsp;Mark Little ,&nbsp;Joseph Keane ,&nbsp;Gina Leisching","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulated immune responses linked to immunometabolic perturbations. While mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in SLE, its cell-type-specific impact on immune subsets remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We repurposed existing RNA-seq data from SLE patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with a focus on nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (NEmt) genes, as well as mitochondrial genes themselves, to identify differentially expressed genes compared to healthy controls. Mitochondrial stress tests were performed on freshly isolated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from SLE patients and healthy donors to assess bioenergetic function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RNA-seq revealed that both NEmt genes and mitochondrial genes were downregulated in the PBMC population of SLE patients. In situ mitochondrial stress tests revealed significant reductions in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), indicating impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) across all immune subsets, while extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), a marker of glycolysis, remained unchanged. These findings highlight immune-cell-specific mitochondrial bioenergetic failure in SLE, without compensatory glycolytic adaptation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results position mitochondrial fitness as a novel therapeutic target in SLE. We propose leveraging high-throughput screening of mitochondria-targeted compounds, including FDA-approved agents, to enhance OXPHOS, regulate mitophagy, or mitigate oxidative stress. This precision-based approach offers a paradigm shift from conventional immunosuppression to metabolic recalibration, with the potential to restore immune homeostasis in SLE.</div><div>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulated immune responses linked to immunometabolic perturbations. While mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in SLE, its cell-type-specific impact on immune subsets remains underexplored.Using existing RNA-seq data we focused on nuclear-encoded mitochondrial (NEmt) genes, as well as mitochondrial genes themselves. Mitochondrial stress tests were performed on freshly isolated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from SLE patients and healthy donors to assess bioenergetic function.RNA-seq revealed that both NEmt genes and mitochondrial genes were downregulated in the PBMC population of SLE patients. In situ mitochondrial stress tests revealed significant reductions in oxygen consumption rate, indicating impaired oxidative phosphorylation across all immune subsets, while glycolysis remained unchanged. These findings highlight immune-cell-specific bioenergetic failure in SLE and propose mitochondrial fitness as a novel therapeutic target in SLE. This precision-based approach offers a paradigm shift from conventional immunosuppression to metabolic recalibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 110571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection risk associated with hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Real-world evidence from 2014 to 2024","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Sumiao Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Qian Li,&nbsp;Ke Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate infection risk associated with hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 242 cases of hypogammaglobulinemia identified among 3565 hospitalized SLE patients between 2014 and 2024. Of these, 133 experienced infections, while 109 remained infection-free and served as controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Infection rates were comparable among patients with low IgG (60.0 %), IgM (56.3 %) and IgA (57.7 %) levels. Multivariate logistic regression identified low body weight, fever, medication discontinuation, lymphopenia, reduced lymphocyte count, elevated CRP levels, and decreased Th cell and NK cell counts as independent predictors of infection. During follow-up, immunoglobulin levels recovered in most patients, with rates at two years of 76.0 % for IgA, 43.8 % for IgG, and 26.2 % for IgM. Immunoglobulin normalization was associated with reduced infection risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hypogammaglobulinemia increases infection risk in SLE due to multifactorial immune dysfunction. Modifiable clinical and immunologic factors, along with immunoglobulin recovery, may represent actionable targets for intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 110568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-dependent cell death: Unlocking Ferroptosis as a key to multiple myeloma therapy","authors":"Fatemeh Karimian ,&nbsp;Melika Khademi ,&nbsp;Amirsalar Nikkhah Bahrami ,&nbsp;Maryam Nabigol ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mikanik ,&nbsp;Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi ,&nbsp;Nader Vazifeh Shiran","doi":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clim.2025.110570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the peroxidation of membrane lipids, leading to cellular destruction. This phenomenon results from a disruption in the balance between oxidative and antioxidative processes, with oxidation involving iron and lipid metabolism, and antioxidation primarily relying on GPX4. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled plasma cell growth, accounting for 1.3 % of all malignancies. Despite advancements in treatment, MM still has a poor prognosis. Research indicates that malignant MM cells are susceptible to ferroptosis, suggesting that this process may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of treatment for MM. This review explores current insights into the cellular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in eliminating multiple myeloma cells, as well as its effectiveness alongside conventional drugs like Bortezomib.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10392,"journal":{"name":"Clinical immunology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 110570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}