Rennie Jordan, Michelle Anderson, Nisha Saini, Pablo Pina
This article presents the steps undertaken in a two-phase study to enhance the City of Calgary's (the City) water efficiency programming for indoor and outdoor industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) customers and outdoor residential customers. Study objectives included evaluating programs in other urban jurisdictions for suitability to Calgary, and developing short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations for water efficiency programming for the City. Phase I of the study included a literature review of Calgary's water consumption trends and explored over 150 water efficiency programs implemented across jurisdictions in North America, identifying a subset of 33 programs for further evaluation. Phase II evaluated program options through an integrated assessment, including gap, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and cost-benefit analysis. An implementation strategy was developed for seven water efficiency programs, grouped into complementary bundles of indoor and outdoor ICI and residential landscape transformation programs. The study also identified areas for further research, and key supporting elements or ‘success factors’ for water efficiency programming in the City. This article adds value to the discussion on approaches to select suitable indoor and outdoor ICI and outdoor residential water efficiency programs, and aids in informing the City's current and future strategic water planning and programs.
{"title":"Enhancing water efficiency programming in the City of Calgary","authors":"Rennie Jordan, Michelle Anderson, Nisha Saini, Pablo Pina","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This article presents the steps undertaken in a two-phase study to enhance the City of Calgary's (the City) water efficiency programming for indoor and outdoor industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) customers and outdoor residential customers. Study objectives included evaluating programs in other urban jurisdictions for suitability to Calgary, and developing short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations for water efficiency programming for the City. Phase I of the study included a literature review of Calgary's water consumption trends and explored over 150 water efficiency programs implemented across jurisdictions in North America, identifying a subset of 33 programs for further evaluation. Phase II evaluated program options through an integrated assessment, including gap, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and cost-benefit analysis. An implementation strategy was developed for seven water efficiency programs, grouped into complementary bundles of indoor and outdoor ICI and residential landscape transformation programs. The study also identified areas for further research, and key supporting elements or ‘success factors’ for water efficiency programming in the City. This article adds value to the discussion on approaches to select suitable indoor and outdoor ICI and outdoor residential water efficiency programs, and aids in informing the City's current and future strategic water planning and programs.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nsikak Inyang, N. George, I. Ehibor, A. Ekot, Itoro Udo
Municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping sites are only used for trash discarding. Beyond the reek that the dumpsites generate, which defiles the milieu, the primary issue is the spreading of fluid from the landfills. The thrust of this research is to utilize the contiguous data from geophysics and laboratory analysis of groundwater samples to decipher the influence of MSW on aquifer systems in Uyo and Eket Counties. Geo-electrical studies featured vertical electrical sounding (VES) and constant electrode separation techniques to generate 1D and 2D electrical resistivity. The analyzed field data were integrated with water sample analysis to deduce the influence of leachate on groundwater. The VES curve types conformed to A (7.1%), HK (21.4%), Q (21.4%), and K (50.0%). The created 2D image maps for MSW locations lay bare the fact that leachate dispersal between source and sink obeys the inverse square rule. The heavy ions, which were all higher than the approved standards have, chromium as the highest and nickel as the least. The anionic average relative abundance has hydrogen trioxocarbonate ion concentration as the highest and fluoride ions as the least. The survey demonstrates that leachate has a considerable impact on groundwater.
{"title":"Ingress of municipal solid waste into water resources: an environmental assessment and monitoring tool near dumpsites in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"Nsikak Inyang, N. George, I. Ehibor, A. Ekot, Itoro Udo","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping sites are only used for trash discarding. Beyond the reek that the dumpsites generate, which defiles the milieu, the primary issue is the spreading of fluid from the landfills. The thrust of this research is to utilize the contiguous data from geophysics and laboratory analysis of groundwater samples to decipher the influence of MSW on aquifer systems in Uyo and Eket Counties. Geo-electrical studies featured vertical electrical sounding (VES) and constant electrode separation techniques to generate 1D and 2D electrical resistivity. The analyzed field data were integrated with water sample analysis to deduce the influence of leachate on groundwater. The VES curve types conformed to A (7.1%), HK (21.4%), Q (21.4%), and K (50.0%). The created 2D image maps for MSW locations lay bare the fact that leachate dispersal between source and sink obeys the inverse square rule. The heavy ions, which were all higher than the approved standards have, chromium as the highest and nickel as the least. The anionic average relative abundance has hydrogen trioxocarbonate ion concentration as the highest and fluoride ions as the least. The survey demonstrates that leachate has a considerable impact on groundwater.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Arefieva, Marina S. Vasilyeva, D. Opra, Vladimir V. Tkachev, V. V. Korochentsev, D. H. Shlyk, Aleksandra I. Slavenskaya
δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 heterostructural photocatalysts with different contents of bismuth in samples (X-Bi-Si, where X = 10–60% Bi2O3) were prepared by the facile sol–gel method using bismuth nitrate and biogenic silica from rice husk biomass as precursors. FT-IR, scanning electron microscope, XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and UV–Vis methods were systematically used to characterize the as-obtained materials. The photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) in neutral aqueous solutions (pH (6.8)) under UV irradiation was studied to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The phase composition, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the samples depended on the content of bismuth oxide in the samples. The maximum degree of MO degradation was 45% for 50-Bi-Si samples containing photoactive δ-Bi2O3 and Bi2SiO5 phases.
以硝酸铋和稻壳生物质中的生物硅为前驱体，采用简便的溶胶-凝胶法制备了样品中不同铋含量的δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 异质结构光催化剂（X-Bi-Si，其中 X = 10-60% Bi2O3）。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射、能量色散 X 射线荧光和紫外可见光等方法对制备的材料进行了系统的表征。在紫外光照射下，研究了甲基橙（MO）在中性水溶液（pH 值为 6.8）中的光降解情况，以评估它们的光催化活性。样品的相组成、形态和光催化活性取决于样品中氧化铋的含量。对于含有光活性δ-Bi2O3 和 Bi2SiO5 相的 50-Bi-Si 样品，MO 降解的最大程度为 45%。
{"title":"Development of δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 heterostructures based on biogenic silica for photocatalytic treatment from organic pollutants","authors":"O. Arefieva, Marina S. Vasilyeva, D. Opra, Vladimir V. Tkachev, V. V. Korochentsev, D. H. Shlyk, Aleksandra I. Slavenskaya","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 δ-Bi2O3/Bi2SiO5 heterostructural photocatalysts with different contents of bismuth in samples (X-Bi-Si, where X = 10–60% Bi2O3) were prepared by the facile sol–gel method using bismuth nitrate and biogenic silica from rice husk biomass as precursors. FT-IR, scanning electron microscope, XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and UV–Vis methods were systematically used to characterize the as-obtained materials. The photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) in neutral aqueous solutions (pH (6.8)) under UV irradiation was studied to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The phase composition, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the samples depended on the content of bismuth oxide in the samples. The maximum degree of MO degradation was 45% for 50-Bi-Si samples containing photoactive δ-Bi2O3 and Bi2SiO5 phases.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"1 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivette Echeverría, R. Escalera, Oliver Saavedra, Gabriel Aliaga, Renato Montoya
This study comprehensively evaluates four decentralized wastewater treatment plants intended for agricultural reuse in a semi-arid low-moderate temperature region. It considers environmental, technical, economic, and social perspectives. Anaerobic baffled reactors with hybrid gravel filters (ABR + HGF + VGF) proved the most efficient, with moderate requirements in space, O&M, and energy, albeit the highest treatment cost. Up-flow sludge blanket reactor with activated sludge (UASB + AS) demonstrated high efficiency and compactness, with moderate treatment costs. However, it incurred high energy demands, complex O&M, and more sludge generation. UASB with horizontal gravel filter (UASB + HGF) was among the most land-intensive systems, with moderate costs and O&M requirements, and low energy consumption. However, it fell short of meeting certain environmental criteria. ABR with stabilization ponds (ABR + PONDS) emerged as the most economical, with low energy consumption, but was also among the most land-intensive and failed to achieve adequate effluent quality. Socially, all WWTPs were well accepted for agricultural reuse benefits. In terms of odor perception, UASB + AS and ABR + HGF + VGF exhibit the lowest impact. The Most Appropriate Treatment Technology Index (MATTI) ranked ABR + HGF + VGF and UASB + AS as adequate technologies, while UASB + HGF and ABR + PONDS were poorly adequate. The study recommends a four-dimensional assessment for selecting the most suitable technology, considering the specific context.
本研究全面评估了半干旱低温-中温地区用于农业再利用的四座分散式污水处理厂。研究从环境、技术、经济和社会角度进行了考虑。事实证明，带混合砾石过滤器（ABR + HGF + VGF）的厌氧障板反应器效率最高，对空间、运行维护和能源的要求适中，但处理成本最高。带活性污泥的上流式污泥毯反应器（UASB + AS）效率高，结构紧凑，处理成本适中。不过，它的能耗要求高，运行和维护复杂，产生的污泥量也更多。UASB + 水平砾石过滤器（UASB + HGF）是土地密集度最高的系统之一，成本和运行维护要求适中，能耗较低。但是，它没有达到某些环境标准。带稳定塘的 ABR（ABR + PONDS）是最经济的系统，能耗低，但也是土地密集度最高的系统之一，而且无法达到适当的出水质量。在社会方面，所有污水处理厂的农业回用效益都得到了广泛认可。就臭味感知而言，UASB + AS 和 ABR + HGF + VGF 的影响最小。最合适处理技术指数 (MATTI) 将 ABR + HGF + VGF 和 UASB + AS 评为最合适的技术，而 UASB + HGF 和 ABR + PONDS 的最合适程度较低。研究建议进行四维评估，根据具体情况选择最合适的技术。
{"title":"Integrated assessment of decentralized wastewater treatment plants in semi-arid region in Bolivia","authors":"Ivette Echeverría, R. Escalera, Oliver Saavedra, Gabriel Aliaga, Renato Montoya","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study comprehensively evaluates four decentralized wastewater treatment plants intended for agricultural reuse in a semi-arid low-moderate temperature region. It considers environmental, technical, economic, and social perspectives. Anaerobic baffled reactors with hybrid gravel filters (ABR + HGF + VGF) proved the most efficient, with moderate requirements in space, O&M, and energy, albeit the highest treatment cost. Up-flow sludge blanket reactor with activated sludge (UASB + AS) demonstrated high efficiency and compactness, with moderate treatment costs. However, it incurred high energy demands, complex O&M, and more sludge generation. UASB with horizontal gravel filter (UASB + HGF) was among the most land-intensive systems, with moderate costs and O&M requirements, and low energy consumption. However, it fell short of meeting certain environmental criteria. ABR with stabilization ponds (ABR + PONDS) emerged as the most economical, with low energy consumption, but was also among the most land-intensive and failed to achieve adequate effluent quality. Socially, all WWTPs were well accepted for agricultural reuse benefits. In terms of odor perception, UASB + AS and ABR + HGF + VGF exhibit the lowest impact. The Most Appropriate Treatment Technology Index (MATTI) ranked ABR + HGF + VGF and UASB + AS as adequate technologies, while UASB + HGF and ABR + PONDS were poorly adequate. The study recommends a four-dimensional assessment for selecting the most suitable technology, considering the specific context.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adnan Ali, Qaiser Khan, Faiza Rehman, Ikhtiar Gul, Faryal Gohar, Muhammad Zohaib, Murtaza Sayed
This research is focused on the application of the UV/Cu2+/peroxydisulfate (PDS) system for the successful decolorization of methyl orange (MO) and methyl violet (MV) dyes in aqueous media. The effects of different parameters such as the equilibrium time, initial catalyst amount, PDS concentration and pH of the media in terms of MO and MV degradation were studied. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the UV/Cu2+/PDS system was also investigated by performing the degradation of MO and MV in different water systems including distilled water, synthetic wastewater and industrial wastewater samples. The results revealed 94 and 89% degradation for MO and MV dyes in the UV/Cu2+/PDS system, respectively. The radical quenching experiments showed sulfate radicals (SO4·-) as the prominent species involved in the degradation of MO and MV dyes. Overall, it was concluded that the UV/Cu2+/PDS process has the ability to be adopted for the effective elimination of contaminants from the aquatic system.
本研究的重点是应用紫外线/Cu2+/过氧化二硫酸盐（PDS）系统成功脱色水介质中的甲基橙（MO）和甲基紫（MV）染料。研究了平衡时间、催化剂初始量、PDS 浓度和介质 pH 值等不同参数对 MO 和 MV 降解的影响。此外，还通过在蒸馏水、合成废水和工业废水等不同水体系统中降解 MO 和 MV，研究了 UV/Cu2+/PDS 系统的光催化性能。结果显示，UV/Cu2+/PDS 系统对 MO 和 MV 染料的降解率分别为 94% 和 89%。自由基淬灭实验表明，硫酸根自由基（SO4--）是参与 MO 和 MV 染料降解的主要物种。总而言之，紫外线/Cu2+/PDS 工艺可用于有效消除水生系统中的污染物。
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and methyl violet dyes by UV/Cu2+/PDS process","authors":"Adnan Ali, Qaiser Khan, Faiza Rehman, Ikhtiar Gul, Faryal Gohar, Muhammad Zohaib, Murtaza Sayed","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This research is focused on the application of the UV/Cu2+/peroxydisulfate (PDS) system for the successful decolorization of methyl orange (MO) and methyl violet (MV) dyes in aqueous media. The effects of different parameters such as the equilibrium time, initial catalyst amount, PDS concentration and pH of the media in terms of MO and MV degradation were studied. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the UV/Cu2+/PDS system was also investigated by performing the degradation of MO and MV in different water systems including distilled water, synthetic wastewater and industrial wastewater samples. The results revealed 94 and 89% degradation for MO and MV dyes in the UV/Cu2+/PDS system, respectively. The radical quenching experiments showed sulfate radicals (SO4·-) as the prominent species involved in the degradation of MO and MV dyes. Overall, it was concluded that the UV/Cu2+/PDS process has the ability to be adopted for the effective elimination of contaminants from the aquatic system.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rashmitha Diwyanjalee Garusinghe, B. K. A. Bellanthudawa, D. K. N. S. De Silva, A. R. Gunawardena
This study addresses the crucial need for appropriate indicators to characterize aquatic pollution, given the challenges posed by unrestricted effluent discharge globally. Focusing on wastewater from hotel and tourism industries and vehicle service stations in Matara District, Sri Lanka, we explored the relationship between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) through the biodegradability index (BDI). Monthly water samples were collected from January 2019 to December 2022, analyzed using standard methods, and statistically evaluated. Results revealed a significant spatial variation in BDI among industry sites, with a modest temporal change. The BOD:COD ratio exhibited a slight increasing trend over time, suggesting factors beyond temporal influence. BDI correlated significantly with temperature, alkalinity, and total suspended solids (TSS), emphasizing its potential as an indicator. The study underscores the importance of complementing the BOD:COD ratio with other indicators for a comprehensive assessment of industrial effluent quality. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding wastewater characteristics, facilitating informed pollution reduction and control strategies in aquatic systems.
{"title":"Biodegradability index (BDI) as an indicator for effluents quality measurement; a case study based on different industry sectors in Matara District, Sri Lanka","authors":"Rashmitha Diwyanjalee Garusinghe, B. K. A. Bellanthudawa, D. K. N. S. De Silva, A. R. Gunawardena","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study addresses the crucial need for appropriate indicators to characterize aquatic pollution, given the challenges posed by unrestricted effluent discharge globally. Focusing on wastewater from hotel and tourism industries and vehicle service stations in Matara District, Sri Lanka, we explored the relationship between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) through the biodegradability index (BDI). Monthly water samples were collected from January 2019 to December 2022, analyzed using standard methods, and statistically evaluated. Results revealed a significant spatial variation in BDI among industry sites, with a modest temporal change. The BOD:COD ratio exhibited a slight increasing trend over time, suggesting factors beyond temporal influence. BDI correlated significantly with temperature, alkalinity, and total suspended solids (TSS), emphasizing its potential as an indicator. The study underscores the importance of complementing the BOD:COD ratio with other indicators for a comprehensive assessment of industrial effluent quality. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding wastewater characteristics, facilitating informed pollution reduction and control strategies in aquatic systems.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiina M. Komulainen, A. M. Baqeri, Katrine Marsteng Jansen, T. Saltnes, Axel Tveiten Bech, Olga Korostynska
This article presents the development of virtual sensors for estimation of phosphates (PO4) and soluble COD profiles in a novel, continuous flow, moving bed bioreactor with enhanced biological phosphorus removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the Hias process. The virtual sensors combine online measurements with additional electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) measurements, and state-space models at inlet, zone 3 and zone 7. The data were collected from Hias municipal WRRF, Norway from March to July 2023, and include both online data and laboratory data. Input variables were selected using correlation plots. Linear measurement equations were fitted to relate PO4 and COD concentrations in the laboratory data set with the online measurements including EC/ORP measurements. The state-space models were identified from the online data with model accuracy from moderate to strong. The estimated PO4 and COD concentrations correspond to most of the scarce laboratory data points at inlet and zone 3, whereas the model in zone 7 requires more work. A Kalman filter was developed for zone 3 and implemented in KYB industrial internet of things (IIoT) platform. Future work is suggested on improvement of the model accuracy in zone 7, and development of energy-efficient control strategies using the virtual sensors.
{"title":"Virtual sensors for the Hias process","authors":"Tiina M. Komulainen, A. M. Baqeri, Katrine Marsteng Jansen, T. Saltnes, Axel Tveiten Bech, Olga Korostynska","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This article presents the development of virtual sensors for estimation of phosphates (PO4) and soluble COD profiles in a novel, continuous flow, moving bed bioreactor with enhanced biological phosphorus removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the Hias process. The virtual sensors combine online measurements with additional electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) measurements, and state-space models at inlet, zone 3 and zone 7. The data were collected from Hias municipal WRRF, Norway from March to July 2023, and include both online data and laboratory data. Input variables were selected using correlation plots. Linear measurement equations were fitted to relate PO4 and COD concentrations in the laboratory data set with the online measurements including EC/ORP measurements. The state-space models were identified from the online data with model accuracy from moderate to strong. The estimated PO4 and COD concentrations correspond to most of the scarce laboratory data points at inlet and zone 3, whereas the model in zone 7 requires more work. A Kalman filter was developed for zone 3 and implemented in KYB industrial internet of things (IIoT) platform. Future work is suggested on improvement of the model accuracy in zone 7, and development of energy-efficient control strategies using the virtual sensors.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"71 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the groundwater aquifer media, enormous amounts of ions can be found naturally in rocks from the Pleistocene and Holocene ages. There are several reports of metals and ionic contamination in the different blocks of the Ballia district. This article focuses on a thorough investigation of the hydrogeochemical properties and the cause of ionic contamination in the Ballia district's groundwater system. This article discusses the interactions between the numerous cations and anions that are hydro-geologically present as well as several physico-chemical factors. The relationship analysis was conducted utilizing irrigation indices and a Stufzand classification, which was further supported by a Durov and Stiff plot. The Durov plot shows the mineralization of the aquifer by sand and evaporates of geological formation. The Gibbs plot shows that the rock–water interaction, weathering of silicates, evaporates dissolution, carbonate dissolution, and anthropogenic activities. The Stiff plot shows the highest concentration of Mg-rich minerals and Cl due to the weathering of calcite, amphiboles, and anthropogenic activities also proven by the Irrigation indices and Stufzand classification. The high water quality index (WQI) value was discovered to be mostly due to greater EC, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and magnesium levels in groundwater.
{"title":"A pragmatic approach of hydrochemical and irrigation indices of groundwater quality of district Ballia, U.P. India","authors":"Sumant Kumar Verma, Shriram Chaurasia","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In the groundwater aquifer media, enormous amounts of ions can be found naturally in rocks from the Pleistocene and Holocene ages. There are several reports of metals and ionic contamination in the different blocks of the Ballia district. This article focuses on a thorough investigation of the hydrogeochemical properties and the cause of ionic contamination in the Ballia district's groundwater system. This article discusses the interactions between the numerous cations and anions that are hydro-geologically present as well as several physico-chemical factors. The relationship analysis was conducted utilizing irrigation indices and a Stufzand classification, which was further supported by a Durov and Stiff plot. The Durov plot shows the mineralization of the aquifer by sand and evaporates of geological formation. The Gibbs plot shows that the rock–water interaction, weathering of silicates, evaporates dissolution, carbonate dissolution, and anthropogenic activities. The Stiff plot shows the highest concentration of Mg-rich minerals and Cl due to the weathering of calcite, amphiboles, and anthropogenic activities also proven by the Irrigation indices and Stufzand classification. The high water quality index (WQI) value was discovered to be mostly due to greater EC, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and magnesium levels in groundwater.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weirs are a common hydraulic structure. The broad-crested weir's effectiveness depends on its height and surface roughness. The present study investigates the coefficient of discharge (Cd) for various broad-crested weirs in a laboratory flume. Two types of weir geometry were used and outfitted with three types of surface roughness (cement, boulders, and gravel) and the coefficient of discharge. The outcomes showed that the coefficient of discharge reduces as the surface roughness of the broad-crested weir increases for a given (H/H + P). The average value of the discharge coefficient for Group 1 (models 1, 2, and 3) was 0.66, 0.65, and 0.64, respectively. For comparison between models 1 and 2 and between models 1 and 3, the decrease in the coefficient of discharge was approximately 2 and 3.5%, respectively. Group 2 (models 4, 5, and 6) had an average value of the discharge coefficient of 0.63, 0.62, and 0.61, respectively. The decrease in the coefficient of discharge for comparison between models 4 and 5 and between models 4 and 6 was around 1.75 and 3%, respectively. Empirical equations were obtained to accurately fit the data. This study can inform the design of weirs, allowing for improved control and flow regulation in hydraulic systems.
{"title":"Investigation of the impact of surface roughness on the flow characteristics of a broad-crested weir","authors":"A. Idrees, U. A. Jahad, Riyadh Al-Ameri","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Weirs are a common hydraulic structure. The broad-crested weir's effectiveness depends on its height and surface roughness. The present study investigates the coefficient of discharge (Cd) for various broad-crested weirs in a laboratory flume. Two types of weir geometry were used and outfitted with three types of surface roughness (cement, boulders, and gravel) and the coefficient of discharge. The outcomes showed that the coefficient of discharge reduces as the surface roughness of the broad-crested weir increases for a given (H/H + P). The average value of the discharge coefficient for Group 1 (models 1, 2, and 3) was 0.66, 0.65, and 0.64, respectively. For comparison between models 1 and 2 and between models 1 and 3, the decrease in the coefficient of discharge was approximately 2 and 3.5%, respectively. Group 2 (models 4, 5, and 6) had an average value of the discharge coefficient of 0.63, 0.62, and 0.61, respectively. The decrease in the coefficient of discharge for comparison between models 4 and 5 and between models 4 and 6 was around 1.75 and 3%, respectively. Empirical equations were obtained to accurately fit the data. This study can inform the design of weirs, allowing for improved control and flow regulation in hydraulic systems.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"51 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mulu, Mulu Sewinet Kerebih, Dawit Asregedew Hailu
This study aims to identify groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) utilizing multi-influencing factor, geographical information system (GIS)-based analytical hierarchy processes (AHPs), and remote sensing in the Gorezen watershed, Ethiopia. Weighted overlay analysis was used in this study to integrate nine thematic layers. The Gorezen watershed is primarily covered by regions with roughly low groundwater potential, according to the results, which were linked to the kinds of geology and geomorphological settings. Receiver operating characteristic curves and samples of observed groundwater well-yielded data were used to validate the GWPZ map. Additionally, field observations confirmed that a high degree of agreement was obtained. The cross-validation results show that AHP is a lot more successful approach (accuracy 0.87) for obtaining groundwater potential maps. Thus, it is acceptable to identify the GWPZs utilizing integrated methodologies that combine two multi-criteria decision analysis techniques with the aid of a GIS environment.
{"title":"Groundwater perspective zone mapping coupled with remote sensing, GIS, AHP, and MIF models: a case study of the Gorezen watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"G. Mulu, Mulu Sewinet Kerebih, Dawit Asregedew Hailu","doi":"10.2166/wpt.2024.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2024.179","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aims to identify groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) utilizing multi-influencing factor, geographical information system (GIS)-based analytical hierarchy processes (AHPs), and remote sensing in the Gorezen watershed, Ethiopia. Weighted overlay analysis was used in this study to integrate nine thematic layers. The Gorezen watershed is primarily covered by regions with roughly low groundwater potential, according to the results, which were linked to the kinds of geology and geomorphological settings. Receiver operating characteristic curves and samples of observed groundwater well-yielded data were used to validate the GWPZ map. Additionally, field observations confirmed that a high degree of agreement was obtained. The cross-validation results show that AHP is a lot more successful approach (accuracy 0.87) for obtaining groundwater potential maps. Thus, it is acceptable to identify the GWPZs utilizing integrated methodologies that combine two multi-criteria decision analysis techniques with the aid of a GIS environment.","PeriodicalId":104096,"journal":{"name":"Water Practice & Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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