Clinical Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Sensory Organisation Test Results in Patients With Ménière's Disease and Vestibular Migraine: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study in a Chinese Cohort","authors":"Yangming Leng,&nbsp;Yingzhao Liu,&nbsp;Renhong Zhou,&nbsp;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1111/coa.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to characterise the sensory organisation test (SOT) performance and compare the posturographic difference between patients with Ménière's disease (MD) and those with vestibular migraine (VM) in the Chinese population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tertiary medical centre.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one patients with unilateral definite MD, 57 patients with definite VM, and 58 controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Outcome Measure</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Audiometry, caloric test and SOT were conducted. The balance-related variables included: equilibrium score (ES) in each SOT condition, composite ES and sensory ratios (SOM, VIS, VEST and PREF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Composite ES and ESs in SOT 5 and 6 were dramatically lower in MD patients than in VM counterparts. For the sensory ratio, the abnormal rate was highest for VIS ratio (31.6%), followed by VEST (19.3%) and PREF ratio (1.8%) in VM patients. In MD patients, the abnormal rate was highest for VEST ratio (42.3%), followed by VIS (32.4%) and PREF ratio (12.7%). Ménière's stage was negatively correlated with ES in SOT 5, composite ES and VEST ratio. In the VM group, ESs (composite and in SOT 1–6) and sensory ratios were not correlated with gender, age or caloric results. Compared with VM patients, MD patients were more likely to have lower or abnormal VEST ratio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite similar clinical manifestations, MD and VM display distinct patterns of balance impairment demonstrated by SOT, which may be associated with different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Future study with disease subtyping and phase stratification using comprehensive vestibular tests is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"51 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Ipsilateral Nasoseptal Flap in Spontaneous Lateral Recess of Sphenoid Meningoencephalocele Repair by Transpterygoid Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Ashwin Gajendran Vedhapoodi,&nbsp;Saravana Selvan Velmurugan,&nbsp;Marimangalam Premchandrababu Chandramouli,&nbsp;Sengottuvelu Palanisamy,&nbsp;Saujanya Saravanakumar","doi":"10.1111/coa.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"51 1","pages":"164-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Pilot Study of the Efficacy of Oral Propranolol in Reduction of the Frequency and Severity of Epistaxis in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia","authors":"C. Grigg,&nbsp;A. Walker,&nbsp;A. Cervin,&nbsp;K. Girling,&nbsp;Z. Liu,&nbsp;J. Earnshaw","doi":"10.1111/coa.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"51 1","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Language on Pursuit of Cochlear Implantation","authors":"Aneesh A. Patel,&nbsp;Jessica R. Levi,&nbsp;Peter C. Weber","doi":"10.1111/coa.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is unclear whether primary language impacts decision to pursue cochlear implantation (CI) and which factors seen in White patients may account for higher odds of implantation. The aim of this study was to further define factors that contribute to decision to pursue or decline cochlear implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective chart review of patients older than 18 years who underwent cochlear implant evaluation (CPT 92626/92627), from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2023 and were determined to be cochlear implantation candidates was completed. Those who pursued CI were compared to those who did not, in addition to White and non-White patients. T-testing, Chi-square analysis, and multivariate analysis were used to compare the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2023, a total of 93 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 46 (49.5%) underwent CI. White candidates had 4.33 the odds of pursuing cochlear implantation compared to those who were not White (95% CI: 1.15, 1.86; <i>p</i> = 0.04). White candidates and those who did not need interpreters were noted to have significantly higher preoperative scores for bilateral (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and unilateral AZBio in quiet (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.0001), unilateral Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words, and unilateral CNC phonemes (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.0001) compared to non-White candidates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>White patients had significantly higher odds of pursuing cochlear implantation compared to non-White patients. White patients were noted to have significantly higher preoperative AzBio in quiet and CNC word/phoneme scores compared to non-White patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"51 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the CBC: Can Novel Markers Predict Recurrence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis?","authors":"Hasan Canakci,&nbsp;Hasmet Yazici,&nbsp;Salih Yayman,&nbsp;Kamil Gokce Tulaci,&nbsp;Erhan Arslan,&nbsp;Omer Hizli","doi":"10.1111/coa.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic value of eosinophil count, eosinophil-monocyte ratio (EMR), total IgE, systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the presence of asthma and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity in predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with CRSwNP were divided into two groups based on recurrence within 3 years postoperatively: Group 1 (non-recurrent) included patients with no signs of recurrence, and Group 2 (recurrent) included those with endoscopic evidence of recurrence. A control group of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals without any history of inflammation and with normal nasal endoscopy findings was also included. Eosinophil, EMR, total IgE, NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and the presence of asthma and ASA sensitivity were compared among the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The recurrent NP group had significantly higher median total IgE and PLR compared to the non-recurrent group (<i>p</i> = 0.036). Compared to controls, the recurrent NP group had significantly elevated eosinophil, EMR, SII, and SIRI levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.022, and <i>p</i> = 0.038, respectively). No significant differences in PLR, SII, or SIRI were found between the non-recurrent and control groups (<i>p</i> = 1). Multivariate logistic regression identified asthma as an independent predictor of recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EMR, SII, and SIRI may serve as valuable biomarkers in CRSwNP. Their elevated levels in recurrent cases support their potential role in predicting postoperative recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"1096-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Retrospective Study of Clinical Outcomes Following Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Obstructive Sleep Disordered Breathing Living With Severe Obesity","authors":"Zoë A. Burton,&nbsp;Claire Nissenbaum,&nbsp;Manjeevan Singh,&nbsp;Camille Ball,&nbsp;Gurkirat Khokar,&nbsp;Eishaan K. Bhargava,&nbsp;Heather E. Elphick","doi":"10.1111/coa.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adenotonsillectomy (AT) to improve obstructive sleep disordered breathing (oSDB) is a common paediatric surgical procedure. Children living with obesity have both an increased risk of oSDB and a higher perioperative risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to establish whether AT in children with severe obesity improves clinical symptoms, and whether this correlates with quantifiable sleep studies. A secondary outcome was preoperative change in BMI <i>z</i>-score amongst children attending a specialist anaesthetic clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective electronic notes review over a 2-year period identified children 2–16 years living with ‘severe’ obesity undergoing AT for oSDB. Demographic data, BMI and BMI <i>z</i>-score were collated preoperatively and at surgery. Pre- and postoperative quantifiable sleep study data and clinical episodes were examined. Postoperative AHI &lt; 5/ODI4 &lt; 4/h or clinical symptom resolution was considered ‘curative’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1007 tonsillectomies were performed for oSDB; 55 met inclusion criteria and 30 underwent preoperative sleep studies. Age ranged from 3 to 15 years (mean 8.7, SD 3.3) with a 2:1 ratio of males to females. Nine children (34.6%) underwent both pre- and postoperative studies with ODI4/AHI ranges of 0.5–121.2/h and 0–9.3/h, respectively. Overall ‘cure’ rate was 42.3%, with postoperative sleep studies confirming clinical findings. Preoperative mean BMI <i>z</i>-score was +3.83 (SD 1.19) with significant reduction at the time of surgery (−0.17, SD 0.29; <i>p</i> = 0.004) following lifestyle intervention (mean 6.0 months; SD 11.7 weeks).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over half of severely obese children undergoing AT had residual postoperative oSDB symptoms. Sleep studies might identify those benefitting from further intervention. Findings support the effectiveness of preoperative lifestyle intervention, but the impact on symptoms and surgical timing should be further delineated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"1088-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Nasal Septal Perforations Systematic Review: Etiologies, Symptoms, and Treatment Outcomes","authors":"Arjun Sharma,&nbsp;Lana Mamoun,&nbsp;Nihal Punjabi,&nbsp;Roy Qu,&nbsp;Joseph D. Peterson,&nbsp;Jared C. Inman","doi":"10.1111/coa.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To better elucidate the aetiologies, symptomatology, and surgical repair outcomes for nasal septal perforations in the paediatric population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science libraries were queried using the terms “nasal septum,” “perforation,” and “paediatric” and all relevant synonyms. All studies that included data on nasal septal perforations in patients aged 0–18 and their etiologies were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 498 studies were reviewed, 9 retrospective studies with 219 patients were included for the primary analysis. The most common etiologies for nasal septal perforations in the literature were iatrogenic (34.25%), traumatic (23.29%), and idiopathic (18.26%). The most reported symptoms were crusting, epistaxis, and nasal obstruction. The overall closure rate for surgical repair was 0.86 [95% CI 0.76–0.95; <i>I</i>² = 17%]. Closure rates were notably lower in patients with autoimmune, drug, and foreign body related etiologies. There was no clear relationship between perforation size and closure success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, paediatric nasal septal perforations appear to primarily be caused by iatrogenic and traumatic etiologies. Paediatric patients also experience high proportions of foreign body-related defects. Closure rates remain high for paediatric patients with nasal septal perforations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"1082-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Operative Management of Cholesteatoma in the Elderly: A 15-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Dimitrios Daskalakis,&nbsp;Emily G. Heywood,&nbsp;Rahil Mandalia,&nbsp;Anil Banerjee,&nbsp;Peter Rea,&nbsp;Paramita Baruah","doi":"10.1111/coa.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"1114-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Disordered Breathing: Cardiovascular Changes After Adenotonsillectomy","authors":"Francisco Alves de Sousa,&nbsp;Marta Rios,&nbsp;Paula Branco,&nbsp;Sara Raquel Azevedo,&nbsp;Mariline Santos,&nbsp;Manuel Ferreira de Magalhães","doi":"10.1111/coa.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) is prevalent in children and often associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). This prospective study investigated the impact of adenotonsillectomy on cardiovascular parameters in children with ATH and suspected OSDB, employing a generalised estimating equation (GEE) approach to account for repeated measures and potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children (4–14 years) with ATH and clinical OSDB undergoing adenotonsillectomy were included. Pre- and post-operative resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), weight, and estimated cardiac output (COEst) were assessed. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for pre-post comparisons, while GEE models examined the influence of time (surgery), age, gender, and their interactions on the outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 90 children (mean age: 6.86 ± 2.78 years) participated. Adenotonsillectomy resulted in a significant decrease in HR (<i>p</i> = 0.028) and COEst (<i>p</i> = 0.003). No significant changes were observed in SBP or DBP (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between the change in COEst and age (Spearman's rho = −0.349, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating a more pronounced reduction in COEst in younger children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adenotonsillectomy in children with ATH and clinical OSDB may lead to significant variations in resting heart rate and estimated cardiac output after surgery. This suggests a potential reduction in resting sympathetic activity following the resolution of upper airway obstruction, with a possible contribution of age-related factors to the observed cardiovascular responses to adenotonsillectomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"1071-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the Terminology for Acute Ear Discharge in Children: Systematic Review and Expert Consensus Using the Nominal Group Technique","authors":"Elliot Heward,&nbsp;James Dempsey,&nbsp;Amy McGovarin,&nbsp;John Molloy,&nbsp;Mark Wilbourn,&nbsp;Eason Sivayoham,&nbsp;Merijam Kikic,&nbsp;Jaya R. Nichani,&nbsp;Iain A. Bruce","doi":"10.1111/coa.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/coa.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most frequent paediatric infections. In approximately 15% of children with AOM, the tympanic membrane perforates, leading to ear discharge. This subset of children is usually more unwell and may need different treatment than those without a perforation. Therefore, terminology is required to differentiate this population from AOM without perforation. Using a consensus exercise, we aimed to standardise disease terminology for this patient group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was performed using OVID Embase to identify the terminology used within the current published literature. The RAND version of the Nominal Group Technique was then used to gain consensus using an expert panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The systematic review identified 2012 abstracts which were reviewed, of which 29 manuscripts were included. A total of nine different definitions were identified within the literature. The expert panel concluded that the terminology ‘acute otitis media with discharge (AOMd)’ should be used when diagnosing a child with an acutely discharging ear of up to 6 weeks duration. Recurrent disease should be diagnosed when four or greater episodes occur per year. Within this disease context, the panel determined the optimal research question was to identify the best management option.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This consensus process has proposed the terminology that should be applied for children with acute ear discharge secondary to AOM. The use of standardised terminology is essential to improve patient care and ensure homogeneity across future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10431,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Otolaryngology","volume":"50 6","pages":"951-960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/coa.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}