Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.021754
Jorge Gallego-Madrid, R. Sanchez-Iborra, A. Skarmeta
{"title":"From Network Functions to NetApps: The 5GASP Methodology","authors":"Jorge Gallego-Madrid, R. Sanchez-Iborra, A. Skarmeta","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.021754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.021754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80404721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/CMC.2022.015987
Eman H. Alkhammash
: Formal methods use mathematical models to develop systems. Ontologies are formal specifications that provide reusable domain knowledge representations. Ontologies have been successfully used in several data-driven applications, including data analysis. However, the creation of formal models from informal requirements demands skill and effort. Ambiguity, incon-sistency, imprecision, and incompleteness are major problems in informal requirements. To solve these problems, it is necessary to have methods and approaches for supporting the mapping of requirements to formal specifications. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach that addresses this challenge by using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to construct Event-B formal models and support data analysis. Our approach reduces the burden of working with the formal notations of OWL ontologies and Event-B models and aims to analyze domain knowledge and construct Event-B models from OWL ontologies using visual diagrams. The idea is based on the transformation of OntoGraf diagrams of OWL ontologies to UML-B diagrams for the purpose of bridging the gap between OWL ontologies and Event-B models. Visual data exploration assists with both data analysis and the development of Event-B formal models. To manage complexity, Event-B supports stepwise refinement to allow each requirement to be introduced at the most appropriate stage in the development process. UML-B supports refinement, so we also introduce an approach that allows us to divide and layer OntoGraf diagrams.
{"title":"Graphical Transformation of OWL Ontologies to Event-B Formal Models","authors":"Eman H. Alkhammash","doi":"10.32604/CMC.2022.015987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/CMC.2022.015987","url":null,"abstract":": Formal methods use mathematical models to develop systems. Ontologies are formal specifications that provide reusable domain knowledge representations. Ontologies have been successfully used in several data-driven applications, including data analysis. However, the creation of formal models from informal requirements demands skill and effort. Ambiguity, incon-sistency, imprecision, and incompleteness are major problems in informal requirements. To solve these problems, it is necessary to have methods and approaches for supporting the mapping of requirements to formal specifications. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach that addresses this challenge by using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to construct Event-B formal models and support data analysis. Our approach reduces the burden of working with the formal notations of OWL ontologies and Event-B models and aims to analyze domain knowledge and construct Event-B models from OWL ontologies using visual diagrams. The idea is based on the transformation of OntoGraf diagrams of OWL ontologies to UML-B diagrams for the purpose of bridging the gap between OWL ontologies and Event-B models. Visual data exploration assists with both data analysis and the development of Event-B formal models. To manage complexity, Event-B supports stepwise refinement to allow each requirement to be introduced at the most appropriate stage in the development process. UML-B supports refinement, so we also introduce an approach that allows us to divide and layer OntoGraf diagrams.","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"90 1","pages":"3733-3750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.019626
Murad A. A. Almekhlafi, F. Al-Wesabi, Imran Khan, N. Nemri, Khalid Mahmood, Hany Mahgoub, N. Negm, Amin M. El-Kustaban, A. Zahary
{"title":"Analysis and Assessment of Wind Energy Potential of Socotra Archipelago in Yemen","authors":"Murad A. A. Almekhlafi, F. Al-Wesabi, Imran Khan, N. Nemri, Khalid Mahmood, Hany Mahgoub, N. Negm, Amin M. El-Kustaban, A. Zahary","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.019626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.019626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80453957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.022042
Shafayat Hossain, Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary, Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Sultan Mahmud, Norbahiah binti Misran, Ali F. Almutairi, M. Tariqul Islam
This paper presents a new Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI (negative refractive index) metamaterial (MM) for dual-band microwave sensing applications. Here, a horizontal H-shaped metal structure is enclosed by two face-to-face E-shaped metal structures. This double-E-H-shaped design is also encased by two vertical H-shaped structures along with some copper links. Thus, the Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped configuration is developed. Two popular substrate materials of Rogers RO 3010 and FR-4 were adopted for analyzing the characteristics of the unit cell. The proposed structure exhibits transmission resonance inside the S-band with NRI and ENG (Epsilon Negative) metamaterial properties, and inside the C-band with ENG and MNG (Mu Negative) metamaterial properties. A good effective medium ratio (EMR) of 8.06 indicates the compactness and effectiveness of the proposed design. Further analysis has been done by changing the thickness of the substrate material as well and a significant change in the effective medium ratio is found. The validity of the proposed structure is confirmed by an equivalent circuit model. The simulated result agrees well with the calculated result. For exploring microwave sensing applications of the proposed unit cell, permittivity and pressure sensitivity performance were investigated in different simulation arrangements. The compact size, effective parameters, high sensitivity and a good EMR represent the proposed metamaterial as a promising solution for S-band and C-band microwave sensing applications.
{"title":"Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI-Metamaterial for Dual-Band Microwave Sensing Applications","authors":"Shafayat Hossain, Md. Iquebal Hossain Patwary, Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Sultan Mahmud, Norbahiah binti Misran, Ali F. Almutairi, M. Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.022042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.022042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped NRI (negative refractive index) metamaterial (MM) for dual-band microwave sensing applications. Here, a horizontal H-shaped metal structure is enclosed by two face-to-face E-shaped metal structures. This double-E-H-shaped design is also encased by two vertical H-shaped structures along with some copper links. Thus, the Double-E-Triple-H-Shaped configuration is developed. Two popular substrate materials of Rogers RO 3010 and FR-4 were adopted for analyzing the characteristics of the unit cell. The proposed structure exhibits transmission resonance inside the S-band with NRI and ENG (Epsilon Negative) metamaterial properties, and inside the C-band with ENG and MNG (Mu Negative) metamaterial properties. A good effective medium ratio (EMR) of 8.06 indicates the compactness and effectiveness of the proposed design. Further analysis has been done by changing the thickness of the substrate material as well and a significant change in the effective medium ratio is found. The validity of the proposed structure is confirmed by an equivalent circuit model. The simulated result agrees well with the calculated result. For exploring microwave sensing applications of the proposed unit cell, permittivity and pressure sensitivity performance were investigated in different simulation arrangements. The compact size, effective parameters, high sensitivity and a good EMR represent the proposed metamaterial as a promising solution for S-band and C-band microwave sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.022694
N. S. Ishak, F. C. Seman, N. Zainal, N. A. Awang
: Sugar is important in daily food intake since it is used as food preservative and sweetener. Therefore, is important to analyze the influence of sugar on the spectroscopic properties of the sample. Terahertz spectroscopy is proven to be useful and an efficient method for sugar detection as well as for future food quality industry. However, the lack of detection sensitivity in Terahertz Spectroscopy has prevented it from being used in a widespread spectroscopic analysis technology. In this paper, Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) using the Terahertz Spectroscopy Time Domain Spectrum (THz-TDS) which operates at terahertz frequency range has been demonstrated for application of sugar detection. The FSS is designed with a circle slot structure and has been optimized in line with the molecular resonance of glucose and fructose at different level concentration at 1.98 THz and 1.80 THz, respectively. Transmission magnitude of glucose and sucrose is inversely proportional with the level of sugar concentrations. The realization of the FSS structure is using electron beam lithography and wet etching technique. Results show that the FSS performance for glucose and sucrose reveal fair shifts in measured transmission magnitude from its original in CST by approximately 30%. The use of fabricated FSS with circle structure indicates that the concentration can be improved averagely at 25% for glucose and 13% for sucrose. Thus, it shows that the FSS circle structure combined with THz-TDS has the potential to become an alternative method for food sensing technology in the future.
{"title":"Detection of Low Sugar Concentration Solution Using Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)","authors":"N. S. Ishak, F. C. Seman, N. Zainal, N. A. Awang","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.022694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.022694","url":null,"abstract":": Sugar is important in daily food intake since it is used as food preservative and sweetener. Therefore, is important to analyze the influence of sugar on the spectroscopic properties of the sample. Terahertz spectroscopy is proven to be useful and an efficient method for sugar detection as well as for future food quality industry. However, the lack of detection sensitivity in Terahertz Spectroscopy has prevented it from being used in a widespread spectroscopic analysis technology. In this paper, Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) using the Terahertz Spectroscopy Time Domain Spectrum (THz-TDS) which operates at terahertz frequency range has been demonstrated for application of sugar detection. The FSS is designed with a circle slot structure and has been optimized in line with the molecular resonance of glucose and fructose at different level concentration at 1.98 THz and 1.80 THz, respectively. Transmission magnitude of glucose and sucrose is inversely proportional with the level of sugar concentrations. The realization of the FSS structure is using electron beam lithography and wet etching technique. Results show that the FSS performance for glucose and sucrose reveal fair shifts in measured transmission magnitude from its original in CST by approximately 30%. The use of fabricated FSS with circle structure indicates that the concentration can be improved averagely at 25% for glucose and 13% for sucrose. Thus, it shows that the FSS circle structure combined with THz-TDS has the potential to become an alternative method for food sensing technology in the future.","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"163 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83672636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.020016
Tallat Jabeen, Ishrat Jabeen, Humaira Ashraf, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun, Mehedi Masud, S. Aljahdali
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus disease that has been declared as a global pandemic in 2019. It affects the whole world through person-to-person communication. This virus spreads by the droplets of coughs and sneezing, which are quickly falling over the surface. Therefore, anyone can get easily affected by breathing in the vicinity of the COVID-19 patient. Currently, vaccine for the disease is under clinical investigation in different pharmaceutical companies. Until now, multiple medical companies have delivered health monitoring kits. However, a wireless body area network (WBAN) is a healthcare system that consists of nano sensors used to detect the real-time health condition of the patient. The proposed approach delineates is to fill a gap between recent technology trends and healthcare structure. If COVID-19 affected patient is monitored through WBAN sensors and network, a physician or a doctor can guide the patient at the right time with the correct possible decision. This scenario helps the community to maintain social distancing and avoids an unpleasant environment for hospitalized patients Herein, a Monte Carlo algorithm guided protocol is developed to probe a secured cipher output. Security cipher helps to avoid wireless network issues like packet loss, network attacks, network interference, and routing problems. Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique gives 90% better results in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency. Results indicate that Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique with edge computing idea is robust in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency and thus, is advocated as a significant application for lessening hospital expenses.
{"title":"A Monte Carlo Based COVID-19 Detection Framework for Smart Healthcare","authors":"Tallat Jabeen, Ishrat Jabeen, Humaira Ashraf, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun, Mehedi Masud, S. Aljahdali","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.020016","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus disease that has been declared as a global pandemic in 2019. It affects the whole world through person-to-person communication. This virus spreads by the droplets of coughs and sneezing, which are quickly falling over the surface. Therefore, anyone can get easily affected by breathing in the vicinity of the COVID-19 patient. Currently, vaccine for the disease is under clinical investigation in different pharmaceutical companies. Until now, multiple medical companies have delivered health monitoring kits. However, a wireless body area network (WBAN) is a healthcare system that consists of nano sensors used to detect the real-time health condition of the patient. The proposed approach delineates is to fill a gap between recent technology trends and healthcare structure. If COVID-19 affected patient is monitored through WBAN sensors and network, a physician or a doctor can guide the patient at the right time with the correct possible decision. This scenario helps the community to maintain social distancing and avoids an unpleasant environment for hospitalized patients Herein, a Monte Carlo algorithm guided protocol is developed to probe a secured cipher output. Security cipher helps to avoid wireless network issues like packet loss, network attacks, network interference, and routing problems. Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique gives 90% better results in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency. Results indicate that Monte Carlo based covid-19 detection technique with edge computing idea is robust in terms of time complexity, performance, and efficiency and thus, is advocated as a significant application for lessening hospital expenses.","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"PP 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84271092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.018262
Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeidabadi, Sajjad Amiri Doumari, Mohammad Dehghani, Z. Montazeri, Pavel Trojovsk� Gaurav Dhiman
{"title":"Parametric Study of Hip Fracture Risk Using QCT-Based Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeidabadi, Sajjad Amiri Doumari, Mohammad Dehghani, Z. Montazeri, Pavel Trojovsk� Gaurav Dhiman","doi":"10.32604/cmc.2022.018262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.018262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10440,"journal":{"name":"Cmc-computers Materials & Continua","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89973778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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