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The effect of irradiation on medium temperature and EC values in hydroponic longterm tomato cultivation 辐照对长期水培番茄培养基温度和EC值的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2020.37.53
T. Terbe, M. Jancsó, Katalin Mozsgai, I. Rácz, S. B. Szantner
The yield results of long-term hydroponic tomato cultivation range from 40 to 70 kg/m2, the productivity is significantly influenced by growing conditions. We investigate the effect of irradiation on rootzone temperature and EC values in a greenhouse technology. The irradiation data were provided by the climate controlled irrigation system, root zone temperature and EC values were monitored. During the whole examined period, there was no major fluctuation. Examination of the probe data on two selected days show that the change in EC values is not outstanding, but their overall value is considered to be very high compared to the usual 7-8 mS cm-1 values.
长期水培番茄的产量结果在40 ~ 70 kg/m2之间,产量受生长条件影响显著。研究了温室技术中辐照对根区温度和EC值的影响。气候控制灌溉系统提供辐照数据,监测根区温度和EC值。在整个调查期间,没有出现大的波动。对选定的两天的探头数据的检查表明,EC值的变化并不突出,但与通常的7-8 mS cm-1值相比,它们的总体值被认为非常高。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of heat treatment of honey with near infrared spectroscopy 近红外光谱法检测蜂蜜热处理过程
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2019.36.57
Z. Bodor, C. Ghdir, JLZ. Zaukuu, Csilla Benedek, Z. Kovács
Heat treatment of honey is usually applied due to crystallized form is not preferred by the consumers and makes handling harder to producers and beekeepers. Our aim is to find a method that can detect heat treatment of honey even at lower levels. In the study honeys were heated at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C for one, two, three and four hours. Moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, HMF, color were determined, and spectra of honeys were recorded with NIRS. Results showed that NIRS could distinguish the honeys heated at 40°C while HMF was able to detect higher than 60°C treatment at significant level.
由于消费者不喜欢蜂蜜的结晶形式,因此通常对蜂蜜进行热处理,这使得生产者和养蜂人更难处理。我们的目标是找到一种方法,可以检测蜂蜜的热处理,即使在较低的水平。在研究中,蜂蜜在40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C下加热1,2,3和4小时。测定了蜂蜜的水分、pH、电导率、HMF、颜色,并用近红外光谱记录了蜂蜜的光谱。结果表明,近红外光谱对加热温度为40℃的蜂蜜具有较强的分辨能力,而HMF对温度高于60℃的蜂蜜具有较强的分辨能力。
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引用次数: 3
European Green Deal Policy for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges 欧洲循环经济的绿色交易政策:机遇与挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2021.39.65
Arta Kuci, C. Fogarassy
In December 2019, a European Green Deal was introduced to the EU and its community as a new development strategy by the European Commission (EC). The key goal of the European Green Deal is to reshape the EU into an ethical society with efficient use of resources and a modern-competitive economy. The European Commission targets an absolute reduction of greenhouse gases net emissions by 2050 in all EU. Thus, one of the most important actions in implementing this new growth strategy “EGD” is to coordinate the industry for a circular and clean economy. To reach this goal, EC introduced the most advanced legislation follow-up package that EU's society and businesses can benefit from. This legislation package includes actions and steps with a connecting guideline of principal policies, starting from a very determined goal in eliminating emissions, as well as investments in related innovation and research in order to protect the natural environment of Europe. However, reaching the goal of being the first among other continents to be climate- neutral by 2050 is so far the biggest challenge, as well as the greatest opportunity for Europe. In reality, in order to implement such advanced goals, obstacles need to be addressed as well, in national and international level. Thus, this paper analysis the European Green Deal (EGD) policy, the opportunities provided by EGD, and in particular the challenges faced for reaching the targets of EGD.
2019年12月,欧盟委员会向欧盟及其社区介绍了《欧洲绿色协议》,作为一项新的发展战略。《欧洲绿色协议》的主要目标是将欧盟重塑为一个有效利用资源和具有现代竞争力的经济的道德社会。欧盟委员会的目标是到2050年全欧盟温室气体净排放量绝对减少。因此,实施这一新的增长战略“EGD”的最重要的行动之一是协调行业以实现循环和清洁经济。为了达到这一目标,欧共体推出了最先进的立法后续方案,使欧盟的社会和企业受益。该立法方案包括一系列行动和步骤,主要政策指导方针从消除排放的明确目标开始,以及投资相关的创新和研究,以保护欧洲的自然环境。然而,到2050年成为其他大陆中第一个实现气候中和的目标,对欧洲来说是迄今为止最大的挑战,也是最大的机遇。实际上,为了实现这些先进的目标,还需要在国家和国际一级解决障碍。因此,本文分析了欧洲绿色协议(EGD)政策,EGD提供的机会,特别是实现EGD目标所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Spectroscopy as a rapid detecting paprika powder adulteration 光谱法快速检测辣椒粉掺假
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2019.36.38
JLZ. Zaukuu, Z. Bodor, D. Laryea, F. Wireko-Manu, Flora Vitalis, V. Zsomné Muha, Zoltan Gillay, Z. Kovács
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引用次数: 1
Digitalisation in agriculture – From the perspective of a global agricultural machinery producer 农业数字化——从全球农业机械生产商的角度
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2019.36.63
J. Horváth, B. Schmitz
The Agriculture is faced with the great challenge of feeding more and more people while resources are running out. We are at the beginning of a paradigm shifts in Agribusiness due to digitization. Digital agriculture is seen as a key to mastering this challenge. Digital products on agricultural machinery are not an invention of recent years, but some have more than 30 years of history. The digitally supported Agricultural machines are working on the fields. By deploying sensors and mapping fields, farmers can begin to understand their crops at a micro scale, conserve resources, and reduce impacts on the environment.
农业面临着养活越来越多的人口和资源日益枯竭的巨大挑战。由于数字化,我们正处于农业综合企业范式转变的开端。数字农业被视为应对这一挑战的关键。农业机械上的数字产品并不是近几年的发明,有些已经有30多年的历史了。数字化支持的农业机械正在田地里工作。通过部署传感器和绘制农田地图,农民可以开始在微观尺度上了解他们的作物,节约资源,减少对环境的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Modelling Water Productivity of Selected Grain Crops in Rain-fed and Surface Irrigated Fields in Northern Nigeria 尼日利亚北部雨养和地面灌溉地区选定粮食作物水分生产力的模拟
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2020.37.80
A. Sobowale, A. Ramalan, O. J. Mudiare, M. Oyebode
: Field trials of selected grain crops (rice, wheat and maize) were conducted for three years under rain-fed and surface irrigated systems to evaluate their water productivity and model same. A completely randomized design (CRD) experiment was used at the Irrigation Research Station, Kadawa, Kano State. Rice yield was 11.6, 9.9 and 5.3 tons/ha; wheat yield was 1.46, 1.92 and 2.0 tons/ha, while Maize yield was 0.8, 0.4 and 0.91 tons/ha in the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 cropping season, respectively. ANOVA revealed a highly significant difference in the yield of paddy rice, wheat and maize at both 1 % and 5% significant levels (Fcalc>Ftab), with p-value of 0.0002, 0.004 and 0.001 for rice, wheat and maize respectively. Crop – water productivity models developed revealed that optimum crop yield of 12.8 tons/ha of paddy rice, 2.7 tons/ha of wheat and 0.94 tons/ha of maize is achievable with 58.3 cm of rainfall, 34 cm and of 29.8 cm of irrigation water respectively. 2.7 of of shelled is achievable with 58.3 of 34 and of of irrigation revealed
对选定的粮食作物(水稻、小麦和玉米)在雨养和地面灌溉系统下进行了为期三年的田间试验,以评价其水分生产力并建立模型。在卡诺州Kadawa灌溉研究站采用了完全随机设计(CRD)试验。水稻产量分别为11.6、9.9和5.3吨/公顷;2009/2010、2010/2011和2011/2012种植季,小麦产量分别为1.46、1.92和2.0吨/公顷,玉米产量分别为0.8、0.4和0.91吨/公顷。方差分析显示,水稻、小麦和玉米的产量在1%和5%显著水平上差异极显著(Fcalc>Ftab),水稻、小麦和玉米的p值分别为0.0002、0.004和0.001。建立的作物水分生产力模型表明,在降雨量58.3 cm、灌溉水量34 cm和29.8 cm的条件下,水稻、小麦和玉米的最佳产量分别为12.8吨/公顷、2.7吨/公顷和0.94吨/公顷。可实现2.7倍的脱壳率和58.3倍的灌溉率
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引用次数: 0
The Financial Indicators of TMR Monitoring on Dairy Farms in Hungary, as Part of Quality Assurance Tools 匈牙利奶牛场TMR监测的财务指标,作为质量保证工具的一部分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2022.41.38
Gréta Kövesdi, S. Orosz, C. Fogarassy
The TMR (total mixed ration) technology is one of the most sufficient feeding methods on the dairy farms. From a quality assurance and technological point of view, regular TMR testing is of paramount importance to reduce the risk and extent of milk production losses and animal health problems. The goal was to find out how popular the TMR monitoring in Hungary is, and find out, how much it may cost for a dairy farm in a year. In the course of our investigations, we assessed the economic indicators of TMR samples received by the NIR Forage Laboratory of Livestock Performance Testing Ltd. between 2013 and 2021, especially the distribution and size of costs per farm and per cow. Our aim was to be able to draw conclusions about the application rates, the total and relative costs of TMR analyses according to the farm size. The proportion of farms requesting TMR examinations was higher for farms with a larger number of animals (501-1000 cows inspected). Within the category, the highest TMR sample submission rate was found for the farms with 501-600 and 801-1000 cows inspected. The average monthly total TMR laboratory cost per site was extremely low in the period of 2013-2021 (HUF 3,000-10,000 /month/farm) compared to the risk and potential loss. The relative TMR cost of farms with more than 701 cows inspected was rather low (HUF 6-9 / inspected cow / month) in terms of screening for technological errors, risk of loss and quality assurance. This indicates that there is great potential for quality assurance in TMR studies at sites and that this potential is not currently being exploited.
全混合日粮(TMR)技术是目前奶牛场最充分的饲养方法之一。从质量保证和技术的角度来看,定期进行TMR检测对于降低牛奶生产损失和动物健康问题的风险和程度至关重要。目的是了解TMR监测在匈牙利的受欢迎程度,以及一个奶牛场一年可能要花多少钱。在调查过程中,我们评估了2013年至2021年期间牲畜性能测试有限公司NIR饲料实验室收到的TMR样本的经济指标,特别是每个农场和每头奶牛的成本分布和规模。我们的目的是能够根据农场规模得出关于施用率、TMR分析的总成本和相对成本的结论。家畜数量较多(501 ~ 1000头)的农场要求进行TMR检查的比例较高。在这一类别中,接受检查的奶牛数量为501-600头和801-1000头的农场TMR样品提交率最高。与风险和潜在损失相比,2013-2021年期间,每个站点每月平均TMR实验室总成本极低(3,000-10,000福林/月/农场)。在筛选技术错误、损失风险和质量保证方面,检查奶牛超过701头的农场的相对TMR成本相当低(每检查奶牛/月HUF 6-9)。这表明在TMR现场研究中有很大的质量保证潜力,而这种潜力目前还没有得到开发。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Municipal Waste Management Options by Circular Prevention Tools to Give Better Ways for Sustainable Transitions – A Case Study of Hanoi 利用循环预防工具评估城市废物管理方案,为可持续转型提供更好的途径——以河内为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2019.35.45
Hoang Nguyen Huu, P. Duc
The transition management approach can help to improve municipal solid waste management in individual cities and city regions. The obsolete technological solutions of waste management cannot support efficient and sustainable urban waste management processes. We would like to present a possible solution to development of the municipal solid waste management system in a high population density megapolis, Hanoi (Vietnam). We examined the development opportunities at three strategic levels (governmental, enterprise and personal levels). We have analyzed the system at strategic, tactical, operational and reflexive levels also, using a transition matrix. Five development aspects and technological directions have been identified, and all of them could be applied at the three decision levels. We came to the conclusion that intervention is needed at all three levels. Based on our results, we have made proposals for the transformation of Hanoi solid waste management structure in the overall organizational structure.
过渡管理办法有助于改善个别城市和城市区域的城市固体废物管理。过时的废物管理技术解决办法不能支持有效和可持续的城市废物管理进程。我们想提出一个可能的解决方案,以发展城市固体废物管理系统在人口密度高的大城市,河内(越南)。我们从三个战略层面(政府、企业和个人层面)考察了发展机遇。我们还使用过渡矩阵在战略、战术、操作和反射层面分析了该系统。已经确定了五个发展方面和技术方向,所有这些都可以在三个决策级别上应用。我们得出的结论是,三个层面都需要干预。根据我们的研究结果,我们对河内市固体废物管理结构在整体组织结构上的转型提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
Water Management Effects of Different Tillage Systems 不同耕作制度的水管理效果
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2020.37.67
A. Cseman, Z. Futó
Due to the climate change and the effect of the resulting warming up the amount of snow is declining in the past few years, so the chances for the autumn sowings to be winterkilled are growing and the amount of water stored in the soil is also significantly reducing. The intensive agricultural production is trying to compensate the conditions for the altered production by changing methods of soil cultivation and building up irrigation systems. The long-term aim of choosing the right method of soil cultivation is the protection of the soil structure and surface, and also the beneficial affecting of its biological activity, moisture and air circulation. The experiment was set in Szarvas, on the experimental area of Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Economical Studies, organised as 5 by 2 repetition. By the planned experiments we were seeking answers for the ways of possible optimisation of soil cultivation in order to reach the highest possible value of water management for the soil, to improve the hydrating ability of the soil and also to provide sustainable agricultural production and to reduce the effects of farming which are hazardous to the water quality to the lowest possible level. The aim of our experiment is the reasonable utilisation, protection and preserving the diverse abilities of functionof the soil resources as parts of our most important natural resources. Within the framework of our monocultural duration experiment we examine the plant physiological and harvest effects of the various soil cultivating systems, deep disintegrating, deep ploughing, semi-deep ploughing, disc ploughing and strip-till cultivation by applying irrigated and non-irrigated cultural techniques. The results of non-rotating soil cultivating techniques show that they have beneficial effects on the water and nutrient management of the soil. The other technology we applied is the strip till technology. The advantage of strip cultivation that instead of the whole area one only cultivates the line/strip. In the cultivated strip the best possible soil conditions are provided for the plant by preparing seedbeds, sowing and fertilizing only in the line. We were trying to find an answer for the relationship between soil resistance measured on methods of soil cultivation and the estimated average production. The Variance analysis shows significant results, the soil cultivating method influences the soil resistance at 40,231%, and also the expected harvest.
由于气候变化和由此产生的变暖的影响,过去几年的降雪量正在减少,因此秋季播种被冬季杀死的可能性正在增加,土壤中储存的水量也在显著减少。集约化农业生产正试图通过改变土壤耕作方法和建立灌溉系统来弥补生产变化所带来的条件。选择正确的土壤耕作方法的长期目标是保护土壤结构和表面,并对其生物活性、水分和空气循环产生有益的影响。实验设置在Szarvas,在Szent István大学农业和经济研究学院的实验区,组织为5 × 2重复。通过计划中的实验,我们正在寻找可能的土壤栽培优化方法的答案,以便达到土壤水管理的最高价值,提高土壤的水化能力,并提供可持续的农业生产,并将农业对水质的危害降到最低水平。我们实验的目的是合理利用、保护和保存作为我们最重要的自然资源组成部分的土壤资源的各种功能能力。在单栽培期试验的框架内,通过应用灌溉和非灌溉栽培技术,研究了不同土壤栽培制度,深耕、深耕、半深耕、盘耕和条带耕作的植物生理和收获效应。结果表明,非轮作土壤耕作技术对土壤的水分和养分管理具有有益的作用。我们采用的另一种技术是条形耕作技术。条形栽培的优点是不需要种植整片土地,只需要种植带状作物。在栽培带中,通过准备苗床、播种和施肥,为植物提供最好的土壤条件。我们试图找到土壤耕作方法测量的土壤抗性与估计的平均产量之间关系的答案。方差分析结果表明,土壤耕作方式对土壤抗性的影响为40,231%,对预期收成的影响也显著。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Attached Working Equipment in Precisionagriculture 精准农业中的智能附加工作设备
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17676/hae.2019.35.5
L. Magó, A. Cvetanovski
Nowadays the increasing of the efficiency of agricultural production and the increasing of crop yields cannot be achieved without modern digital technology and smart machines that are a part of it. With the spread of precision agriculture and the digitalisation next to the power machines the attached equipment is becoming smarter and smarter. Through permanent technological and IT development, it became possible to thoroughly monitor and analyse operating functions and parameters not only for the most important power machines such as tractors, combines and other, but also there are existing solutions for measurement and related to that a collection and an analyse of data - of specific utilisation parameters for other attached equipment. All of these processed data are essential for making well-considered actions related to the production technology and the machine operating. They help us to gain information about the quality of machine operations of the technology, the environmental factors, or even about the state of attached working equipment and machines. In this work, the vibration control system as smart solutions on the fail movers will be presented which are effective tools for the utilization of machines, for the precision machine work as well as for prolonging the machine life cycle.
如今,农业生产效率的提高和农作物产量的增加离不开现代数字技术和智能机器的参与。随着精准农业的普及和电力机器旁边的数字化,附属设备变得越来越智能。通过技术和信息技术的不断发展,不仅可以对拖拉机、联合收割机等最重要的动力机器的操作功能和参数进行彻底的监测和分析,而且还可以对其他附加设备的特定利用参数进行测量和相关数据的收集和分析。所有这些经过处理的数据对于制定与生产技术和机器操作相关的深思熟虑的行动至关重要。它们帮助我们获得有关机器操作质量的信息,技术,环境因素,甚至有关附加工作设备和机器的状态。本文提出了振动控制系统作为故障驱动的智能解决方案,是提高机器使用效率、提高机器精度和延长机器寿命周期的有效工具。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Hungarian Agricultural Engineering
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