Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.3.1.1-14
Arya Wiranata
The development of road infrastructure in Indonesia is very rapid to keep pace with the growth of vehicles. However, the structure of road pavements in Indonesia is not optimal and causes various problems due to overload and Indonesia's climate. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the performance of asphalt binders with additives such as natural rubber or better known as natural rubber modified asphalt. This study examines the effect of natural rubber content (crumb rubber standard Indonesian rubber 20), sulfur additive content, storage temperature, and storage time on the phase stability of natural rubber modified asphalt. Making crumb rubber modified asphalt samples begins with the mastication of crumb rubber in an open mill. Next, crumb rubber was melted at 200°C and mixed in asphalt with 8, 10, and 12% levels. The last stage is to test the stability of modified asphalt storage at a temperature of 160°C for 48 hours. The results showed that modified asphalt with various levels of rubber experienced storage stability problems after 48 hours. The addition of sulfur additives did not significantly affect storage stability. The optimum addition of natural rubber at 10% crumb rubber content with the difference in softening point (Tbottom – Ttop) reached 11.6°C.
{"title":"Penentuan Stabilitas Penyimpanan Aspal Modifikasi Berbasis Karet Alam Padat Jenis Crumb Rubber","authors":"Arya Wiranata","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.3.1.1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.3.1.1-14","url":null,"abstract":"The development of road infrastructure in Indonesia is very rapid to keep pace with the growth of vehicles. However, the structure of road pavements in Indonesia is not optimal and causes various problems due to overload and Indonesia's climate. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the performance of asphalt binders with additives such as natural rubber or better known as natural rubber modified asphalt. This study examines the effect of natural rubber content (crumb rubber standard Indonesian rubber 20), sulfur additive content, storage temperature, and storage time on the phase stability of natural rubber modified asphalt. Making crumb rubber modified asphalt samples begins with the mastication of crumb rubber in an open mill. Next, crumb rubber was melted at 200°C and mixed in asphalt with 8, 10, and 12% levels. The last stage is to test the stability of modified asphalt storage at a temperature of 160°C for 48 hours. The results showed that modified asphalt with various levels of rubber experienced storage stability problems after 48 hours. The addition of sulfur additives did not significantly affect storage stability. The optimum addition of natural rubber at 10% crumb rubber content with the difference in softening point (Tbottom – Ttop) reached 11.6°C.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124513190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.1.2.1-12
Bambang Sutrimo
Oily sand and water contaminated with oil is part of the results of exploration and exploitation of petroleum categorized as hazardous and toxic waste (B3), it is necessary to carry out special processing into slurry fluid and injection into disposal wells. The main problem in the injection process is the increase in bottom hole pressure during the injection process which causes well plugging problems and hampers oil production activities in the Duri field. The main objective of this research is to determine the best model and safety factor in the injection process using the time series Arima Software ‘R’ method with the parameters of the slurry flow rate and slurry composition based on the injection strategy at injection well B. Forecasting Arima in well B with an injection flow rate of 2,3 m3/minute and a slurry concentration of 25% waste and 75% water is Arima model 3 (1,1,0) with the smallest value of Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) 2,773,98 and the smallest Schwarzt Bayesian Information Criteria (SBC) is 2,781, the average bottom hole pressure predicted is 1,256.4 psi and the average bottom hole pressure from the field data is 1,247.54 psi. Validation of the forecasting model for well B that the percentage of model error compared to field data in well B is 0.37%, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 4,85 and model error using pressure gradient 0,37%. Arima modeling can be applied to predict bottom hole pressure based on the injection strategy in the injection process to the disposal well.
含油砂和含油水是石油勘探开发成果的一部分，属于危险有毒废物(B3)，需要进行特殊处理成浆液并注入处置井。注入过程中的主要问题是注入过程中井底压力的增加，导致井堵塞问题，阻碍了Duri油田的生产活动。本研究的主要目的是确定最好的模型,并在注射过程中安全系数使用时间序列Arima软件“R”方法的参数泥浆流速和浆成分的基础上,注入井注入策略在B B . Arima预测注射流率2、3立方米/分钟,浆浓度25%浪费和75%的水是Arima模型3(1 1 0)的最小值Akaike信息标准(AIC) 2773、98最小的Schwarzt Bayesian信息准则(SBC)为2781，则预测的平均井底压力为1256.4 psi，而现场数据显示的平均井底压力为1247.54 psi。对B井的预测模型进行验证，与B井的现场数据相比，模型误差百分比为0.37%，均方根误差(RMSE)为4.85，使用压力梯度的模型误差为0.37%。利用Arima模型可以预测处置井注入过程中基于注入策略的井底压力。
{"title":"Pemodelan Tekanan Bawah Permukaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Time Series Dalam Proses Injeksi Slurry di Sumur Disposal Duri Field","authors":"Bambang Sutrimo","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.1.2.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.1.2.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Oily sand and water contaminated with oil is part of the results of exploration and exploitation of petroleum categorized as hazardous and toxic waste (B3), it is necessary to carry out special processing into slurry fluid and injection into disposal wells. The main problem in the injection process is the increase in bottom hole pressure during the injection process which causes well plugging problems and hampers oil production activities in the Duri field. The main objective of this research is to determine the best model and safety factor in the injection process using the time series Arima Software ‘R’ method with the parameters of the slurry flow rate and slurry composition based on the injection strategy at injection well B. Forecasting Arima in well B with an injection flow rate of 2,3 m3/minute and a slurry concentration of 25% waste and 75% water is Arima model 3 (1,1,0) with the smallest value of Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) 2,773,98 and the smallest Schwarzt Bayesian Information Criteria (SBC) is 2,781, the average bottom hole pressure predicted is 1,256.4 psi and the average bottom hole pressure from the field data is 1,247.54 psi. Validation of the forecasting model for well B that the percentage of model error compared to field data in well B is 0.37%, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 4,85 and model error using pressure gradient 0,37%. Arima modeling can be applied to predict bottom hole pressure based on the injection strategy in the injection process to the disposal well.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126160625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peat water is surface water that inundates an area, formed from a pile of organic material for a long time. Peat water can cause skin irritation and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the electrocoagulation method can be used to neutralize pH, and reduce levels of TSS and Fe in peat water treatment and also to determine the effect of changes in electrode spacing and current strength on decreasing TSS and Fe levels and neutralizing the pH of peat water. The parameters tested include pH, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and Fe. The electrocoagulation process uses electric power which flows in the direction through the electrodes. Electrocoagulation reactor paired with a cable connected to the power supply and then connected to an electric current with a variation of current strength (1.0; 1.4; and 1.8 A) and electrode distance variations (0.5; 0.75; 1 inch). The results of this study giving the optimum conditions obtained at a strong current of 1.8 A and 0,75 inch electrode distance with an increase in pH from 3.5 to 6.8, a decrease in TSS from 128 to 36 mg / L, a decrease in Fe of 78.9% from 2.405 mg / L to 0.506 mg / L.
{"title":"Pengaruh Jarak Elektroda Dan Kuat Arus Pada Pengolahan Air Gambut Dengan Proses Elektrokoagulasi Secara Kontinu","authors":"Albi Fadhlah Ramadhan, Idral Amri, Drastinawati Drastinawati","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.2.1.46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.2.1.46-55","url":null,"abstract":"Peat water is surface water that inundates an area, formed from a pile of organic material for a long time. Peat water can cause skin irritation and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the electrocoagulation method can be used to neutralize pH, and reduce levels of TSS and Fe in peat water treatment and also to determine the effect of changes in electrode spacing and current strength on decreasing TSS and Fe levels and neutralizing the pH of peat water. The parameters tested include pH, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and Fe. The electrocoagulation process uses electric power which flows in the direction through the electrodes. Electrocoagulation reactor paired with a cable connected to the power supply and then connected to an electric current with a variation of current strength (1.0; 1.4; and 1.8 A) and electrode distance variations (0.5; 0.75; 1 inch). The results of this study giving the optimum conditions obtained at a strong current of 1.8 A and 0,75 inch electrode distance with an increase in pH from 3.5 to 6.8, a decrease in TSS from 128 to 36 mg / L, a decrease in Fe of 78.9% from 2.405 mg / L to 0.506 mg / L.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133671775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.2.1.12-24
Muhammad Rahman, Yelmida '. Aziz, Panca Setia Utama
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to a diesel engine that can replace or reduce the use of petroleum diesel. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is a by-product of physical refining of crude palm oil products and is contained of free fatty acid (FFA) more than 85 wt.%. Esterification is a chemical reaction used to produce biodiesel from feedstocks with high FFA. Hydroxyapatite derived from waste fish bones has been effectively utilized as a support for preparation of the heterogeneous copper acid catalyst. The Copper- Hydroxyapatite catalyst has been prepared through wet-impregnation.This study intends to produce biodiesel with Cu- Hydroxyapatite catalyst derived from fishbone waste in esterification of PFAD and methanol. Esterification reaction parameters were varied to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel. Optimization of esterification reaction parameters such as methanol to PFAD ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature was carried out by Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). The optimum yield obtained using regression models were found to be reaction temperature 62oC, catalyst to PFAD weight 1,82 wt.%, and PFAD to methanol molar ratio 1:8,28. The reaction under the optimum condition predicted at 92,52% of biodiesel yield.
{"title":"Optimasi Kondisi Proses Sintesis Biodiesel Berbasis Reaksi Esterifikasi Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Dengan Katalis Cu-Hidroksiapatit Dari Limbah Tulang Ikan","authors":"Muhammad Rahman, Yelmida '. Aziz, Panca Setia Utama","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.2.1.12-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.2.1.12-24","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to a diesel engine that can replace or reduce the use of petroleum diesel. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is a by-product of physical refining of crude palm oil products and is contained of free fatty acid (FFA) more than 85 wt.%. Esterification is a chemical reaction used to produce biodiesel from feedstocks with high FFA. Hydroxyapatite derived from waste fish bones has been effectively utilized as a support for preparation of the heterogeneous copper acid catalyst. The Copper- Hydroxyapatite catalyst has been prepared through wet-impregnation.This study intends to produce biodiesel with Cu- Hydroxyapatite catalyst derived from fishbone waste in esterification of PFAD and methanol. Esterification reaction parameters were varied to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel. Optimization of esterification reaction parameters such as methanol to PFAD ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature was carried out by Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). The optimum yield obtained using regression models were found to be reaction temperature 62oC, catalyst to PFAD weight 1,82 wt.%, and PFAD to methanol molar ratio 1:8,28. The reaction under the optimum condition predicted at 92,52% of biodiesel yield.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124532394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.2.1.32-45
Dwi Widyaningsih, Idral Amri, Desi Heltina
Palm oil industrial waste contains various dissolved compounds in the form of short fibers, hemicellulose, and their derivatives, proteins, free organic acids, a mixture of minerals and organic pigments such as anthocyanins, carotenes, polyphenols, lignins and tannins. Organic compounds in this waste will cause problems such as an increase in TSS, COD values which can pollute the environment. The electrocoagulation method has the potential to reduce TSS, TDS, COD content and neutralize pH. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and optimum conditions of the electrocoagulation process with variations in flow rate, voltage, spacing between plates and the addition of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulants to decrease TSS, COD and pH parameters so that they meet the quality standards of waste in Permen LH. No. 5/2014. The method used is a continuous electrocoagulation process using an aluminum catalyst and the addition of PAC. The variables used in this study were the stress variable (24; 26; 28 V) and the variable flow rate velocity (0.3; 1,2; 2.5 L / min) and the variation of the spacing between the plates (2, 3, 4 cm). The results of this study found that the optimum conditions were obtained at a voltage of 28 volts and a flow rate of 0.3, and a distance between the plates of 2 cm and the addition of 400 ppm PAC with a percentage of TSS removal of 92.093% from 2150 mg / L to 170 mg / L, and a decrease in COD of 85.343% from 1310 mg / L to 192 mg / L. The results obtained show that it is in accordance with the standards of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.5 of 2014.
{"title":"Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Sawit Menggunakan Reaktor Listrik Plat Kolom Secara Kontinu serta dengan Penambahan PAC","authors":"Dwi Widyaningsih, Idral Amri, Desi Heltina","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.2.1.32-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.2.1.32-45","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil industrial waste contains various dissolved compounds in the form of short fibers, hemicellulose, and their derivatives, proteins, free organic acids, a mixture of minerals and organic pigments such as anthocyanins, carotenes, polyphenols, lignins and tannins. Organic compounds in this waste will cause problems such as an increase in TSS, COD values which can pollute the environment. The electrocoagulation method has the potential to reduce TSS, TDS, COD content and neutralize pH. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and optimum conditions of the electrocoagulation process with variations in flow rate, voltage, spacing between plates and the addition of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulants to decrease TSS, COD and pH parameters so that they meet the quality standards of waste in Permen LH. No. 5/2014. The method used is a continuous electrocoagulation process using an aluminum catalyst and the addition of PAC. The variables used in this study were the stress variable (24; 26; 28 V) and the variable flow rate velocity (0.3; 1,2; 2.5 L / min) and the variation of the spacing between the plates (2, 3, 4 cm). The results of this study found that the optimum conditions were obtained at a voltage of 28 volts and a flow rate of 0.3, and a distance between the plates of 2 cm and the addition of 400 ppm PAC with a percentage of TSS removal of 92.093% from 2150 mg / L to 170 mg / L, and a decrease in COD of 85.343% from 1310 mg / L to 192 mg / L. The results obtained show that it is in accordance with the standards of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.5 of 2014.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121807200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.2.1.25-31
Idral Amri, Tifanny Frimacia
Along with the development of the era, the need for fuel oil is increasing. The development of research and the use of diesel motors in industry will not stop just because of the depletion of fossil fuels. The search for alternative fuels as a substitute for diesel continues to be carried out in addition to dealing with the problems of the global energy and environmental crisis as well as helping to develop automotive technology as a work of human culture. Methyl ester is a biofuel that can be used to power diesel engines. The availability of fuel oil derived from petroleum is running low and the price is increasing so that alternative fuel sources are needed. One of the substitutes for conventional fuels from petroleum is vegetable oil. Methyl ester is produced using a transesterification reaction by changing the triglycerides which are reacted with one of the alcohol compounds, namely methanol to become methyl ester, and a production capacity of 250,000 tons / year is obtained. The main design tool is the CSTR (Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor) reactor which is used as a place for the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and methanol to produce methyl ester (main product) and glycerol (by-product). The operating temperature used is 333.15K. Based on the calculation results, the reactor volume is 57.28 m3, the reactor diameter (OD) is 168 in m with torispherical flanged and dished head and skirt support.
随着时代的发展，对燃料油的需求越来越大。研究的发展和柴油发动机在工业上的应用不会仅仅因为化石燃料的枯竭而停止。除了处理全球能源和环境危机的问题，以及帮助发展汽车技术作为人类文化的一项工作外，寻找替代柴油的替代燃料的工作仍在继续进行。甲酯是一种生物燃料，可以用来驱动柴油发动机。从石油中提取的燃料油的可用性正在下降，价格正在上涨，因此需要替代燃料来源。植物油是石油的常规燃料替代品之一。甲酯是通过改变甘油三酯与醇类化合物之一甲醇反应生成甲酯的酯交换反应，得到25万吨/年的生产能力。主要设计工具是CSTR (Continuous Flow stir- tank Reactor)反应器，它是甘油三酯与甲醇进行酯交换反应的场所，生成甲酯(主产物)和甘油(副产物)。使用的工作温度为333.15K。根据计算结果，反应器体积为57.28 m3，反应器外径为168 in m，采用环球面法兰、碟形封头和裙座支撑。
{"title":"DESAIN REAKTOR TRANSESTERIFIKASI PADA PRAPERANCANGAN PABRIK METIL ESTER DARI CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL)","authors":"Idral Amri, Tifanny Frimacia","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.2.1.25-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.2.1.25-31","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the development of the era, the need for fuel oil is increasing. The development of research and the use of diesel motors in industry will not stop just because of the depletion of fossil fuels. The search for alternative fuels as a substitute for diesel continues to be carried out in addition to dealing with the problems of the global energy and environmental crisis as well as helping to develop automotive technology as a work of human culture. Methyl ester is a biofuel that can be used to power diesel engines. The availability of fuel oil derived from petroleum is running low and the price is increasing so that alternative fuel sources are needed. One of the substitutes for conventional fuels from petroleum is vegetable oil. Methyl ester is produced using a transesterification reaction by changing the triglycerides which are reacted with one of the alcohol compounds, namely methanol to become methyl ester, and a production capacity of 250,000 tons / year is obtained. The main design tool is the CSTR (Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor) reactor which is used as a place for the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and methanol to produce methyl ester (main product) and glycerol (by-product). The operating temperature used is 333.15K. Based on the calculation results, the reactor volume is 57.28 m3, the reactor diameter (OD) is 168 in m with torispherical flanged and dished head and skirt support.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129679858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.2.1.1-11
Tengku Mukhlis, Idral Amri, Z. Helwani
Biopelet is one of the alternative fuels converted from biomass. Biomass which has great potential to be converted into biopelet is Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). Such considerations make researchers interested in conducting a study on the use of EFB as an alternative fuel in the form of biopelets. In this research, we used torefaction and densification processes and the addition of oil sludge as a co-firing to increase the mass and energy density which had been a problem with the nature of EFB. The research procedure started from the raw material preparation stage, the EFB and oil sludge torefaction process and the bioepelet manufacturing stage. For fixed variables, the raw material size (EFB) is ± 15 mm , the raw material ratio is 70:30 (EFB: Oil Sludge), the torefaction temperature is 275 °C, the size of the biopelet diameter is 20 mm (ISO 17225). For 20 mesh particles, the N2 flow rate was 50 ml / minute, for the changing variables were the torefaction detention time of 30, 45 and 60 minutes, the pressing pressure was 30, 40 and 50 bar.The results showed that there was an effect of torefaction detention time which was directly proportional to the increase in proximate characteristics and calorific value of biopelets with the best results of 3.35% moisture content, 8.66% ash content, 9.50% volatile content, 78.49 %, fixed carbon content, and the calorific value of 4597.76 cal / g under the conditions of 60 minutes of torefaction detention time. There is an effect of pressing pressure which is directly proportional to the increase in the mechanical properties of the biopelet with the best results of density 1.148 gr / cm3, compressive strength 16.86 bar, and porosity of biopelet 13.33% under pressure conditions of 50 bar. The effect of adding oil Sludge as co-firing resulted in the calorific value of the biopelet being lower than the calorific value of EFB. This is because the calorific value of oil sludge is lower than the calorific value of EFB.
生物燃料是一种由生物质转化而来的替代燃料。空果串(Empty Fruit bunch, EFB)是最有潜力转化为生物小生物的生物质。这些考虑使研究人员有兴趣开展一项研究，以生物细胞的形式使用EFB作为替代燃料。在这项研究中，我们使用了预处理和致密化过程，并添加了油泥作为共烧来提高质量和能量密度，这是EFB性质的一个问题。研究过程从原料制备阶段、EFB和油泥预处理阶段和生物膜制造阶段开始。对于固定变量，原料粒度(EFB)为±15mm，原料比为70:30 (EFB:油泥)，固化温度为275℃，生物膜直径大小为20mm (ISO 17225)。对于20目颗粒，N2流速为50 ml / min，凝固停留时间分别为30、45和60 min，加压压力分别为30、40和50 bar。结果表明，保温时间的影响与生物膜的近似特性和热值的增加成正比，保温时间为60 min时，生物膜的最佳水分含量为3.35%，灰分含量为8.66%，挥发分含量为9.50%，固定碳含量为78.49%，热值为4597.76 cal / g。压力对生物小片力学性能的影响与提高成正比，在压力为50 bar时，生物小片的密度为1.148 gr / cm3，抗压强度为16.86 bar，孔隙率为13.33%。掺加油泥共烧的效果导致生物小颗粒的热值低于EFB的热值。这是因为油泥的热值低于EFB的热值。
{"title":"Upgrading Karakteristik Biopelet Tandan Kosong Sawit Dengan Penambahan Oil Sludge Sebagai Co-Firing","authors":"Tengku Mukhlis, Idral Amri, Z. Helwani","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.2.1.1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.2.1.1-11","url":null,"abstract":"Biopelet is one of the alternative fuels converted from biomass. Biomass which has great potential to be converted into biopelet is Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). Such considerations make researchers interested in conducting a study on the use of EFB as an alternative fuel in the form of biopelets. In this research, we used torefaction and densification processes and the addition of oil sludge as a co-firing to increase the mass and energy density which had been a problem with the nature of EFB. The research procedure started from the raw material preparation stage, the EFB and oil sludge torefaction process and the bioepelet manufacturing stage. For fixed variables, the raw material size (EFB) is ± 15 mm , the raw material ratio is 70:30 (EFB: Oil Sludge), the torefaction temperature is 275 °C, the size of the biopelet diameter is 20 mm (ISO 17225). For 20 mesh particles, the N2 flow rate was 50 ml / minute, for the changing variables were the torefaction detention time of 30, 45 and 60 minutes, the pressing pressure was 30, 40 and 50 bar.The results showed that there was an effect of torefaction detention time which was directly proportional to the increase in proximate characteristics and calorific value of biopelets with the best results of 3.35% moisture content, 8.66% ash content, 9.50% volatile content, 78.49 %, fixed carbon content, and the calorific value of 4597.76 cal / g under the conditions of 60 minutes of torefaction detention time. There is an effect of pressing pressure which is directly proportional to the increase in the mechanical properties of the biopelet with the best results of density 1.148 gr / cm3, compressive strength 16.86 bar, and porosity of biopelet 13.33% under pressure conditions of 50 bar. The effect of adding oil Sludge as co-firing resulted in the calorific value of the biopelet being lower than the calorific value of EFB. This is because the calorific value of oil sludge is lower than the calorific value of EFB.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134598893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.1.2.39-51
Trisuciati Syahwardini, Bahruddin, Ida Zahrina
Optimization is a way to find variable values that are considered optimal, effective, and efficient to achieve the desired results. The approach that is more often used for optimization problems with multi-variables is the desirability function. The components carried out by the optimization are microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (x1), citric acid (x2), sorbitol (x3) with the response are Tensile Strength (Y1), Elongation (Y2), Modulus young (Y3), Biodegradability (Y4), and Water Uptake (Y5). Optimization is done by using Design Expert 10.0.1 Software. Through Desirability Function analysis, the optimum treatment composition was obtained at the MCC filler variation of 18% w / w starch, citric acid 3% w / w starch, and sorbitol 33% w / w starch with the optimum response value predicted for tensile strength (Y1) = 11.38 MPa; Elongation (Y2) = 13.54%; Young's modulus (Y3) = 118.05 MPa; Biodegradability (Y4) = 46.89%; and Water Uptake (Y5) = 52.13%. The combined desirability value is 0.551
优化是一种找到被认为是最优的、有效的和高效的变量值以实现预期结果的方法。对于多变量优化问题，最常用的方法是期望函数。优化的组分为微晶纤维素(MCC) (x1)、柠檬酸(x2)、山梨糖醇(x3)，响应为抗拉强度(Y1)、伸长率(Y2)、弹性模量(Y3)、可生物降解性(Y4)和吸水率(Y5)。优化是使用Design Expert 10.0.1软件完成的。通过可取函数分析，在MCC填料为18% w / w淀粉、柠檬酸3% w / w淀粉、山梨糖醇33% w / w淀粉的情况下，获得了最佳处理组合，预测抗拉强度Y1 = 11.38 MPa;伸长率(Y2) = 13.54%;杨氏模量(Y3) = 118.05 MPa;生物降解率(Y4) = 46.89%;吸水率(Y5) = 52.13%。合意值为0.551
{"title":"Optimasi Pembuatan Film Biodegradabel dari Komposit Pati Sagu – MCC yang Dimodifikasi dengan Asam Sitrat","authors":"Trisuciati Syahwardini, Bahruddin, Ida Zahrina","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.1.2.39-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.1.2.39-51","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization is a way to find variable values that are considered optimal, effective, and efficient to achieve the desired results. The approach that is more often used for optimization problems with multi-variables is the desirability function. The components carried out by the optimization are microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (x1), citric acid (x2), sorbitol (x3) with the response are Tensile Strength (Y1), Elongation (Y2), Modulus young (Y3), Biodegradability (Y4), and Water Uptake (Y5). Optimization is done by using Design Expert 10.0.1 Software. Through Desirability Function analysis, the optimum treatment composition was obtained at the MCC filler variation of 18% w / w starch, citric acid 3% w / w starch, and sorbitol 33% w / w starch with the optimum response value predicted for tensile strength (Y1) = 11.38 MPa; Elongation (Y2) = 13.54%; Young's modulus (Y3) = 118.05 MPa; Biodegradability (Y4) = 46.89%; and Water Uptake (Y5) = 52.13%. The combined desirability value is 0.551","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123636823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.1.2.52-62
Lusiana Sri Wahyuni, Bahruddin, I. Zahrina
The manufacture of bioplastics by mixing PVA with starch, for example from sago, cassava, sweet potatoes, and potatoes and so on have been widely practiced. However, in some cases, blending of the polymers may not produce the desired properties due to the lack of miscibility between the mixed polymers. So that in making bioplastics a mixture of starch and PVA requires data support of the miscibility of raw materials for making bioplastics into water solvents. Miscibility can be predicted using UNIQUAC Functional - group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) method. The activity coefficient resulting from the UNIFAC calculation of the ternary system of starch, PVA and water shows that the activity coefficient of starch tends to increase with increasing starch composition, while the activity coefficient of PVA is not very stable. The water activity coefficient shows the opposite tendency. Temperature does not seem to have a significant effect on the composition of starch and PVA, from the calculation obtained the starch composition of 0.01045 - 0.15325 and PVA 0.38407 - 0.23860. Likewise, water shows that the heating temperature does not really affect the composition of the water. The calculation of the balance of the mixture is carried out to get the right composition for the mixture of starch, PVA and water to form a perfectly mixed mixture. The results of calculating the composition in equilibrium are shown in the ternary diagram. The diagram shows a single-phase graph, where if a mixture containing 2 components dissolves completely, it will form a single-phase region.
{"title":"Prediksi Kesetimbangan Cair-Cair Sistem Pati-PVA-Air dengan metode UNIFAC","authors":"Lusiana Sri Wahyuni, Bahruddin, I. Zahrina","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.1.2.52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.1.2.52-62","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacture of bioplastics by mixing PVA with starch, for example from sago, cassava, sweet potatoes, and potatoes and so on have been widely practiced. However, in some cases, blending of the polymers may not produce the desired properties due to the lack of miscibility between the mixed polymers. So that in making bioplastics a mixture of starch and PVA requires data support of the miscibility of raw materials for making bioplastics into water solvents. Miscibility can be predicted using UNIQUAC Functional - group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) method. The activity coefficient resulting from the UNIFAC calculation of the ternary system of starch, PVA and water shows that the activity coefficient of starch tends to increase with increasing starch composition, while the activity coefficient of PVA is not very stable. The water activity coefficient shows the opposite tendency. Temperature does not seem to have a significant effect on the composition of starch and PVA, from the calculation obtained the starch composition of 0.01045 - 0.15325 and PVA 0.38407 - 0.23860. Likewise, water shows that the heating temperature does not really affect the composition of the water. The calculation of the balance of the mixture is carried out to get the right composition for the mixture of starch, PVA and water to form a perfectly mixed mixture. The results of calculating the composition in equilibrium are shown in the ternary diagram. The diagram shows a single-phase graph, where if a mixture containing 2 components dissolves completely, it will form a single-phase region.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"79 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129777200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.1.2.25-38
Michael Tanuwijaya, Idral Amri, Zultiniar
Indonesia is one of the largest paper producing and exporting countries in the world. Along with the increase in paper production causes an increase in solid waste originating from the reject pulp. The reject pulp has the potential to produce energy because it still contains high cellulose content of around 85.16% which is able to support the provision of usable and environmentally friendly fuel. The purpose of this study was to use of reject pulp as fuel in the form of briquettes by mixing coconut shell charcoal as cofiring and CPO sludge as an adhesive. The beginning of in this research is pretreatment of raw material samples and quality testing such as coconut shells which go through the authoring process using the torefaction process with temperature variations of 275 ° C and 300 ° C which are then mashed and reject the pulp through a washing and drying process in an oven which is then processed. form into briquettes with a variety of composition of reject pulp and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 80%: 0%, 20%: 60%, 30%: 50%, 50%: 30%, 60%: 20%, and 0%: 80% , for adhesive 20% while 90%: 0%, 30%: 60%, 40%: 50%, 50%: 40%, 60%: 30%, 70%: 20% and 90%: 0% for adhesive 10 % of the total briquette weight which is ± 2 grams. The briquettes that have been form must qualified to the quality standards of SNI for wood charcoal (No.1 / 6235/2000) where after being tested only a few compositions have qualified the standards, for the reject pulp composition and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 0:90, 30:60 40:50 with an adhesive composition of 10% and a composition of 0:80, 20:60, 30:50 with an adhesive composition of 20%, with the highest calorific value of 5274 cal/g, moisture content of 5.37%, and ash content of 2.65%.
{"title":"Pembuatan Briket Kalori Tinggi Menggunakan Limbah Pulp dan Tempurung Kelapa Sebagai Cofiring dengan Campuran Limbah Sludge CPO Sebagai Bahan Perekat","authors":"Michael Tanuwijaya, Idral Amri, Zultiniar","doi":"10.31258/jbchees.1.2.25-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.1.2.25-38","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is one of the largest paper producing and exporting countries in the world. Along with the increase in paper production causes an increase in solid waste originating from the reject pulp. The reject pulp has the potential to produce energy because it still contains high cellulose content of around 85.16% which is able to support the provision of usable and environmentally friendly fuel. The purpose of this study was to use of reject pulp as fuel in the form of briquettes by mixing coconut shell charcoal as cofiring and CPO sludge as an adhesive. The beginning of in this research is pretreatment of raw material samples and quality testing such as coconut shells which go through the authoring process using the torefaction process with temperature variations of 275 ° C and 300 ° C which are then mashed and reject the pulp through a washing and drying process in an oven which is then processed. form into briquettes with a variety of composition of reject pulp and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 80%: 0%, 20%: 60%, 30%: 50%, 50%: 30%, 60%: 20%, and 0%: 80% , for adhesive 20% while 90%: 0%, 30%: 60%, 40%: 50%, 50%: 40%, 60%: 30%, 70%: 20% and 90%: 0% for adhesive 10 % of the total briquette weight which is ± 2 grams. The briquettes that have been form must qualified to the quality standards of SNI for wood charcoal (No.1 / 6235/2000) where after being tested only a few compositions have qualified the standards, for the reject pulp composition and coconut shell charcoal cofiring from 0:90, 30:60 40:50 with an adhesive composition of 10% and a composition of 0:80, 20:60, 30:50 with an adhesive composition of 20%, with the highest calorific value of 5274 cal/g, moisture content of 5.37%, and ash content of 2.65%.","PeriodicalId":104683,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120988691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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