Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.03
S. Bongiolatti, F. Mazzoni, A. Gonfiotti, A. Salvicchi, D. Viggiano, K. Ferrari, V. Scotti, L. Voltolini
Objective: The objectives of our retrospective analysis were to estimate the oncological long-term results of patients with ypN2 and to evaluate the impact of lymph node ratio (LNR) on overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Methods: We analysed all consecutive patients (n=85) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery for pre-operative pathologically proven stage IIIA-B (N2) NSCLC from 2014 to 2020. Median LNR (0.29 or 29%) was selected as threshold for grouping. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used to test the association between OS, DFS and covariates. Results: Post-operative mortality was 3.5%. The median follow-up was 21 months (range 6-69 months). The 5-year OS and DFS of the cohort were 41% and 20%. Patients with LNR>0.29 (n=13; 15.3%) showed a trend toward worse survival than patients with LNR0 (n=44; 51.8%) with a 5-year OS of 56% VS 14% (p=0.077), confirmed as a trend at the multivariable analysis (HR 2.28; p=0.066). At the univariate analysis a worse DFS was observed for ypN2 patients (n=58; 68.2%) compared with nodal downstaging (46% vs 25% 3-year DFS, p=0.039). DFS was different according to LNR: 3-year DFS was 14% in patients with LNR>0.29 while it reached 44% in patients with LNR 0 (p=0.043) and 62% in LNR<0.29 (p=0.03). LNR>0.29 was the only significant predictor (HR 2.89; p=0.047) of reduced DFS at the multivariable analysis. Conclusion: patients with ypN2 disease after NAC showed acceptable oncological outcomes and this finding is true for patients with low burden of nodal disease assessed by LNR.
目的:我们回顾性分析的目的是评估ypN2患者的长期肿瘤学结果，并评估淋巴结比例(LNR)对总(OS)和无病生存(DFS)的影响。方法:我们分析了2014年至2020年所有连续接受新辅助化疗(NAC)和手术的术前病理证实的IIIA-B (N2)期非小细胞肺癌患者(n=85)。选择中位LNR(0.29或29%)作为分组阈值。生存率采用Kaplan-Meier法估计。采用Cox回归检验OS、DFS与协变量之间的相关性。结果:术后死亡率为3.5%。中位随访为21个月(范围6-69个月)。该队列的5年OS和DFS分别为41%和20%。LNR>0.29的患者(n=13;15.3%)表现出比LNR0患者更差的生存趋势(n=44;51.8%)， 5年OS为56% VS 14% (p=0.077)，在多变量分析中证实了这一趋势(HR 2.28;p = 0.066)。在单变量分析中，观察到ypN2患者的DFS更差(n=58;68.2%)与淋巴结降期相比(46% vs 25%， 3年DFS, p=0.039)。LNR>0.29的患者3年DFS为14%，LNR为0的患者3年DFS为44% (p=0.043)， LNR0.29的患者3年DFS为62% (HR 2.89;p=0.047)在多变量分析中降低了DFS。结论:NAC后的ypN2疾病患者的肿瘤预后可接受，LNR评估的淋巴结疾病负担低的患者也是如此。
{"title":"Impact of Persistent N2 Disease and Lymph Node Ratio on Oncological Outcomes after Multimodal Treatment in Pre-Operative Histologically Proven N2 Disease Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"S. Bongiolatti, F. Mazzoni, A. Gonfiotti, A. Salvicchi, D. Viggiano, K. Ferrari, V. Scotti, L. Voltolini","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objectives of our retrospective analysis were to estimate the oncological long-term results of patients with ypN2 and to evaluate the impact of lymph node ratio (LNR) on overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).\u0000Methods: We analysed all consecutive patients (n=85) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery for pre-operative pathologically proven stage IIIA-B (N2) NSCLC from 2014 to 2020. Median LNR (0.29 or 29%) was selected as threshold for grouping. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used to test the association between OS, DFS and covariates.\u0000Results: Post-operative mortality was 3.5%. The median follow-up was 21 months (range 6-69 months). The 5-year OS and DFS of the cohort were 41% and 20%. Patients with LNR>0.29 (n=13; 15.3%) showed a trend toward worse survival than patients with LNR0 (n=44; 51.8%) with a 5-year OS of 56% VS 14% (p=0.077), confirmed as a trend at the multivariable analysis (HR 2.28; p=0.066). At the univariate analysis a worse DFS was observed for ypN2 patients (n=58; 68.2%) compared with nodal downstaging (46% vs 25% 3-year DFS, p=0.039). DFS was different according to LNR: 3-year DFS was 14% in patients with LNR>0.29 while it reached 44% in patients with LNR 0 (p=0.043) and 62% in LNR<0.29 (p=0.03). LNR>0.29 was the only significant predictor (HR 2.89; p=0.047) of reduced DFS at the multivariable analysis.\u0000Conclusion: patients with ypN2 disease after NAC showed acceptable oncological outcomes and this finding is true for patients with low burden of nodal disease assessed by LNR.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.05
W. Rao, L. Ding, Honglang Li, Guo-qing Xie, Jiquan Yu, Yanjiao Du, Wei Tang, Yuefei Yu
Objective: The combination of pepsinogens (PG I/II) and gastrin-17 (G17) has been used to screen GC in many countries, without satisfactory levels of sensitivity or specificity. The aim of this study was to find a better marker and a new modality in screening early GC. Methods: We measured the serum levels of PG I/II, G17, and prealbumin (PA) from the serum of 481 healthy individuals, 407 benign gastric diseases (BGD), and 416 GC patients using a latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay and Sandwich ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection model. Results: When PA was combined with the other biomarkers, the sensitivity and specificity were significantly improved in the ROC curve. The combination of PA+G17+PGI+PGR was the best diagnostic combination for both early and late GC. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination for discriminating between early GC and healthy individuals were 0.796, 72.1% and 74.2% respectively. For distinguishing patients with early GC from BGD, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combination were 0.696, 66.7% and 65.4%, respectively. The combination of PA+G17+PGI+PGR improved both the sensitivity and the specificity of GC diagnosis compared with those of the traditional combination of G17+PGI+ PGII +PGR. Conclusion: PA is a valuable indicator for GC and interacts synergistically with PG and G17 in screening for early GC. The new combination platform PA+G17+PGI+PGR may be a potential way for the early screening of GC.
{"title":"Development of a New Combination Platform for the Early Screening of Gastric Cancer Using Serum Biomarkers","authors":"W. Rao, L. Ding, Honglang Li, Guo-qing Xie, Jiquan Yu, Yanjiao Du, Wei Tang, Yuefei Yu","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The combination of pepsinogens (PG I/II) and gastrin-17 (G17) has been used to screen GC in many countries, without satisfactory levels of sensitivity or specificity. The aim of this study was to find a better marker and a new modality in screening early GC.\u0000Methods: We measured the serum levels of PG I/II, G17, and prealbumin (PA) from the serum of 481 healthy individuals, 407 benign gastric diseases (BGD), and 416 GC patients using a latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay and Sandwich ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection model.\u0000Results: When PA was combined with the other biomarkers, the sensitivity and specificity were significantly improved in the ROC curve. The combination of PA+G17+PGI+PGR was the best diagnostic combination for both early and late GC. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combination for discriminating between early GC and healthy individuals were 0.796, 72.1% and 74.2% respectively. For distinguishing patients with early GC from BGD, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combination were 0.696, 66.7% and 65.4%, respectively. The combination of PA+G17+PGI+PGR improved both the sensitivity and the specificity of GC diagnosis compared with those of the traditional combination of G17+PGI+ PGII +PGR.\u0000Conclusion: PA is a valuable indicator for GC and interacts synergistically with PG and G17 in screening for early GC. The new combination platform PA+G17+PGI+PGR may be a potential way for the early screening of GC.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"9 14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80540385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.07
L. Ding, John G. Roubil, K. Banson, Abdulnasser Kalifeh, C. Bradford, I-lin Kuo, Yankua Fan, Fenghong Liu, Suhong Lu, H. Bushe, J. Saleeby, Camelia Bunaciu, James Shen, Kevin O’Connor, Maryann Bishop, Maureen Britton, Shannon Higgins, Julie Trifone, T. Quinn, Joshua Taylor, Vijay Croos, Bashera Nochomowitz, T. Fitzgerald
Radiation therapy is an established form of therapy for breast cancer, often applied in an adjuvant setting delivered in a post-operative environment to volumes including the breast, surgical cavity, and regional lymph nodes when appropriate. Historically, radiation therapy has not been considered an option for care when the patient recurs with the disease despite being treated with radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. However, there can be clinical circumstances that require a different approach to the care including comprehensive re-treatment with radiation therapy in highly selected situations. This paper reviewed two patients with clinical circumstances requiring consideration for re-treatment with radiation therapy and were successfully re-treated with an acceptable outcome.
{"title":"Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: Re-Treatment","authors":"L. Ding, John G. Roubil, K. Banson, Abdulnasser Kalifeh, C. Bradford, I-lin Kuo, Yankua Fan, Fenghong Liu, Suhong Lu, H. Bushe, J. Saleeby, Camelia Bunaciu, James Shen, Kevin O’Connor, Maryann Bishop, Maureen Britton, Shannon Higgins, Julie Trifone, T. Quinn, Joshua Taylor, Vijay Croos, Bashera Nochomowitz, T. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy is an established form of therapy for breast cancer, often applied in an adjuvant setting delivered in a post-operative environment to volumes including the breast, surgical cavity, and regional lymph nodes when appropriate. Historically, radiation therapy has not been considered an option for care when the patient recurs with the disease despite being treated with radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. However, there can be clinical circumstances that require a different approach to the care including comprehensive re-treatment with radiation therapy in highly selected situations. This paper reviewed two patients with clinical circumstances requiring consideration for re-treatment with radiation therapy and were successfully re-treated with an acceptable outcome.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85943978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-25DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.01
H. M. Alhassan, M. Yeldu, U. Musa, Isiyaku Adamu, Ahmad Hamidu Marafa, H. Abdullahi
Background: Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast tissue, which develops in cells lining the milk ducts and lobules, it’s the most common neoplasm in the female. Breast cancer has been declared a universal disaster as it is expected to nearly triple between 2020 and 2030, as most available drugs have not shown any desirable outcome. Aims/Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and effects of M. indica on serum IL-6, and IFN-γ in cancer-induced albino rats. Materials/Methods: Mangifera indica was subjected to plant identification/authentication and extractions, the acute toxicity was determined using Lorke's method. They are 6 groups of 4 rats each. The groups are normal, positive controls, Ascorbic acids, 500mg, 1000mg and 1500mg M. indica groups. All the groups were induced with 65 mg/kg-1 b.w. of 7,12 Dimethylbenzene-(α) anthracene (DMBA), except Group I and observed for 14 days, before treatment with 100mg of AA (Group III), and 500mg, 1000mg, and 1500mg of extracts (Groups IV- VI) respectively. The rats were sacrificed, 24 hours. after the last treatment. Results: The results of acute toxicity study of the extracts in both phase 1 and 2, has shown no signs of behavioural changes and mortality in all the experimental animals. This has proven that methanolic extracts of M. indica is safe. There was a significant down-regulation of serum IL-6, and INF-γ expressions (P>0.005). Conclusion: This research indicated that M. indica extract is safe and possesses anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects, it may be used for breast cancer management.
{"title":"Acute Toxicity and the Effects of Mangifera indica on Serum IL-6, and IFN-γ in Breast Cancer-Induced Albino Rats","authors":"H. M. Alhassan, M. Yeldu, U. Musa, Isiyaku Adamu, Ahmad Hamidu Marafa, H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast tissue, which develops in cells lining the milk ducts and lobules, it’s the most common neoplasm in the female. Breast cancer has been declared a universal disaster as it is expected to nearly triple between 2020 and 2030, as most available drugs have not shown any desirable outcome.\u0000Aims/Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and effects of M. indica on serum IL-6, and IFN-γ in cancer-induced albino rats.\u0000Materials/Methods: Mangifera indica was subjected to plant identification/authentication and extractions, the acute toxicity was determined using Lorke's method. They are 6 groups of 4 rats each. The groups are normal, positive controls, Ascorbic acids, 500mg, 1000mg and 1500mg M. indica groups. All the groups were induced with 65 mg/kg-1 b.w. of 7,12 Dimethylbenzene-(α) anthracene (DMBA), except Group I and observed for 14 days, before treatment with 100mg of AA (Group III), and 500mg, 1000mg, and 1500mg of extracts (Groups IV- VI) respectively. The rats were sacrificed, 24 hours. after the last treatment.\u0000Results: The results of acute toxicity study of the extracts in both phase 1 and 2, has shown no signs of behavioural changes and mortality in all the experimental animals. This has proven that methanolic extracts of M. indica is safe. There was a significant down-regulation of serum IL-6, and INF-γ expressions (P>0.005).\u0000Conclusion: This research indicated that M. indica extract is safe and possesses anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects, it may be used for breast cancer management.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76371026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.06
A. Dornellas, R. Bonadio, P. M. Moraes, M. Braghiroli, R. Polizio, P. Hoff, C. Moniz
Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare disease, and there is a lack of phase 3 studies in the advanced setting. Currently, the standard treatment is based on interAACT phase 2 study using Carboplatin (C) (AUC 5, D1q28) plus Paclitaxel (P) (80 mg/m2, D1,8,15q28). This study demonstrated a median OS of 20m, a response rate of 59% and serious adverse events in 36% of patients (pts). However, this regimen requires more infusions and hospital visits than a 3-weekly CP regimen, resulting in high social and financial cost. Objective: To retrospectively access safety and efficacy of treatment with 3-weekly CP in advanced SCCA. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients (pts) who received first-line treatment with 3-weekly CP for inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic SCCA between Jun/2011 and Jun/2018. Study data were collected using REDCap®. Survival analyses were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were evaluated by Cox regression. Results: 47 patients were included. Median age was 57 years, 60% (n=28) were female and 21% (n=10) HIV positive.16% (n=7) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. The majority of pts (n=42) were treated with paclitaxel (P) 175 mg/m2 plus carboplatin (C) AUC 5 every 3 weeks. The median number of cycles was 4 and dose reduction by toxicity was necessary for 30% (n=14). Grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia 19% (n=9), anemia 4% (n=2), fatigue 4% (n=2), neuropathy 2% (n=1). Two pts had interruption due to toxicity and no treatment-related death. 64% of patients benefited from treatment, 4% with complete response. The median overall survival (OS) was 10 months(m). In a multivariable analysis, HIV-positive (HIV+) status (HR 3.1; 95%CI 1.8-8.4; p 0.001) and ECOG 2/3 (HR 3.9; 95%CI 1.2-8.1; p 0.01) showed a negative impact on OS. Median OS was 16m for HIV- vs 4m for HIV+ group; and 20m for ECOG 0/1 vs 4m for ECOG 2/3. Conclusion: The present study suggests that 3-weekly CP has similar outcomes to the InterAACT regimen. Nevertheless, pts who are HIV+ or have ECOG 2/3 had poor outcomes and other treatment strategies should be studied for these pts.
{"title":"Feasibility and Safety of 3-Weekly Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Regimen in Advanced Squamous cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal","authors":"A. Dornellas, R. Bonadio, P. M. Moraes, M. Braghiroli, R. Polizio, P. Hoff, C. Moniz","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare disease, and there is a lack of phase 3 studies in the advanced setting. Currently, the standard treatment is based on interAACT phase 2 study using Carboplatin (C) (AUC 5, D1q28) plus Paclitaxel (P) (80 mg/m2, D1,8,15q28). This study demonstrated a median OS of 20m, a response rate of 59% and serious adverse events in 36% of patients (pts). However, this regimen requires more infusions and hospital visits than a 3-weekly CP regimen, resulting in high social and financial cost.\u0000Objective: To retrospectively access safety and efficacy of treatment with 3-weekly CP in advanced SCCA.\u0000Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients (pts) who received first-line treatment with 3-weekly CP for inoperable locally recurrent or metastatic SCCA between Jun/2011 and Jun/2018. Study data were collected using REDCap®. Survival analyses were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were evaluated by Cox regression.\u0000Results: 47 patients were included. Median age was 57 years, 60% (n=28) were female and 21% (n=10) HIV positive.16% (n=7) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. The majority of pts (n=42) were treated with paclitaxel (P) 175 mg/m2 plus carboplatin (C) AUC 5 every 3 weeks. The median number of cycles was 4 and dose reduction by toxicity was necessary for 30% (n=14). Grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia 19% (n=9), anemia 4% (n=2), fatigue 4% (n=2), neuropathy 2% (n=1). Two pts had interruption due to toxicity and no treatment-related death. 64% of patients benefited from treatment, 4% with complete response. The median overall survival (OS) was 10 months(m). In a multivariable analysis, HIV-positive (HIV+) status (HR 3.1; 95%CI 1.8-8.4; p 0.001) and ECOG 2/3 (HR 3.9; 95%CI 1.2-8.1; p 0.01) showed a negative impact on OS. Median OS was 16m for HIV- vs 4m for HIV+ group; and 20m for ECOG 0/1 vs 4m for ECOG 2/3.\u0000Conclusion: The present study suggests that 3-weekly CP has similar outcomes to the InterAACT regimen. Nevertheless, pts who are HIV+ or have ECOG 2/3 had poor outcomes and other treatment strategies should be studied for these pts.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"477 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76369266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.04
M. Perera, I. Perera
Molecular markers are needed to decide the treatment plans of certain cancer types when the histological and other clinical diagnoses are not sufficient to decide the tumor nodular metastasis (TNM) stage. The ubiquitous p16 gene is one of them gained popularity by fulfilling criteria to be a useful biomarker. Over expression of p16, to compensate the inactivity of another two tumor suppressor genes (TSG)s, pRb and p53 due to the integration of E7 and E6 high risk Human Papilloma viral oncoprotein respectively into the host keratinocytes is useful to consider the clinical impact of p16 biomarker in carcinogenesis. The p16 immunohistochemistry helps the diagnosis as well as prognosis of cervical and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, though there are ambiguities in the cutoff values of p16 positivity. There is also a re-emerging interest on clinical impact of p16 positivity in lung, breast, and colorectal cancer types. High risk HPV genotypes have been already established as the aetiological agents of cervical, other rare ano-genital and oropharyngeal (especially tonsils and base of the tongue) cancers. The HPV associated subset of head and neck cancers demonstrate a unique tumor biology, when compared with HPV non associated ones thus, most effective treatment planning including counselling is much needed to maximize the overall survival of HPV associated cancer patients, in the era of personalized precision medicine. In the shed of light, this communication glimpses on clinical implications of p16 overexpression in carcinogenesis not limiting to cervical and a subset of head and neck carcinomas (HNSCC).
{"title":"Snapshot of Clinical Implications of p16 Overexpression in Carcinogenesis","authors":"M. Perera, I. Perera","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular markers are needed to decide the treatment plans of certain cancer types when the histological and other clinical diagnoses are not sufficient to decide the tumor nodular metastasis (TNM) stage. The ubiquitous p16 gene is one of them gained popularity by fulfilling criteria to be a useful biomarker. Over expression of p16, to compensate the inactivity of another two tumor suppressor genes (TSG)s, pRb and p53 due to the integration of E7 and E6 high risk Human Papilloma viral oncoprotein respectively into the host keratinocytes is useful to consider the clinical impact of p16 biomarker in carcinogenesis. The p16 immunohistochemistry helps the diagnosis as well as prognosis of cervical and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, though there are ambiguities in the cutoff values of p16 positivity. There is also a re-emerging interest on clinical impact of p16 positivity in lung, breast, and colorectal cancer types. High risk HPV genotypes have been already established as the aetiological agents of cervical, other rare ano-genital and oropharyngeal (especially tonsils and base of the tongue) cancers. The HPV associated subset of head and neck cancers demonstrate a unique tumor biology, when compared with HPV non associated ones thus, most effective treatment planning including counselling is much needed to maximize the overall survival of HPV associated cancer patients, in the era of personalized precision medicine. In the shed of light, this communication glimpses on clinical implications of p16 overexpression in carcinogenesis not limiting to cervical and a subset of head and neck carcinomas (HNSCC).","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87225723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.04
Rwik Sen
Cancer has been reported in several COVID-19 patients with varying outcomes. Clinical oncology and COVID-19 treatment are both severely challenged in those patients. Although, cancer was not considered among COVID-19 comorbidities, recent observations bring significant focus to cancer’s role in COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Although the investigations in this direction are less in number, but the results show extremely interesting insights which can better inform the future diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the pathophysiologies in cancers and COVID-19 in patients. Significant research, therapeutic developments, and treatment procedures need to be invested in this direction. Therefore, some of the current studies exploring this field have been presented in this mini-review.
{"title":"Cancer and COVID-19: At Perilous Crossroads","authors":"Rwik Sen","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has been reported in several COVID-19 patients with varying outcomes. Clinical oncology and COVID-19 treatment are both severely challenged in those patients. Although, cancer was not considered among COVID-19 comorbidities, recent observations bring significant focus to cancer’s role in COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Although the investigations in this direction are less in number, but the results show extremely interesting insights which can better inform the future diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the pathophysiologies in cancers and COVID-19 in patients. Significant research, therapeutic developments, and treatment procedures need to be invested in this direction. Therefore, some of the current studies exploring this field have been presented in this mini-review.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87101343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.01
J. Nemunaitis, Monika Devanaboyina, N. Ngo, Rakan Albalawy, L. Filipiak, H. Staats, L. Stanbery, Danae M. Hamouda
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Established vasculature provides a supply of nutrients and other necessary survival factors for tumor cell maintenance. In addition, immune factors with capacity to both decrease immune activity leading to cancer suppression and to increase anticancer response are provided via VEGF stimulated angiogenesis. However, VEGF provides more than angiogenesis stimulation; it is itself a growth factor with activity to also decrease the stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells involved in anti-cancer mechanisms. As such inhibition of VEGF provides immune therapeutic advantage. This was well demonstrated by IFN-ɣ ELISPOT assay in which T lymphocytes antitumor response was measured against multiple myeloma cells following exposure to myeloma lysate-loaded dendric cells. Block of VEGF lead to enhanced T lymphocyte anticancer immune response. Through stimulation of the immune system angiogenesis inhibitors can work in conjunction with immunotherapy, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials in advanced renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma have evidenced improved outcomes due to an immune enhancing effect with angiogenesis inhibition and in particular immune checkpoint blockade treatment.
{"title":"Immune Response Role of Angiogenesis Inhibitors","authors":"J. Nemunaitis, Monika Devanaboyina, N. Ngo, Rakan Albalawy, L. Filipiak, H. Staats, L. Stanbery, Danae M. Hamouda","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Established vasculature provides a supply of\u0000nutrients and other necessary survival factors for tumor cell maintenance. In addition, immune factors with\u0000capacity to both decrease immune activity leading to cancer suppression and to increase anticancer response\u0000are provided via VEGF stimulated angiogenesis. However, VEGF provides more than angiogenesis\u0000stimulation; it is itself a growth factor with activity to also decrease the stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs)\u0000and T cells involved in anti-cancer mechanisms. As such inhibition of VEGF provides immune therapeutic\u0000advantage. This was well demonstrated by IFN-ɣ ELISPOT assay in which T lymphocytes antitumor\u0000response was measured against multiple myeloma cells following exposure to myeloma lysate-loaded\u0000dendric cells. Block of VEGF lead to enhanced T lymphocyte anticancer immune response. Through\u0000stimulation of the immune system angiogenesis inhibitors can work in conjunction with immunotherapy,\u0000chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials in advanced renal cell carcinoma, non-small\u0000cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma have evidenced improved outcomes due to an\u0000immune enhancing effect with angiogenesis inhibition and in particular immune checkpoint blockade\u0000treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91016632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Previous work has indicated Hyaluronic acid-mediated motor receptor (HMMR) plays an important role in regulating tumor metastasis. However, few researchers address the clinical significance of HMMR and its underlying mechanisms for regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study focuses on the underlying effect of HMMR in the development and prognosis of HCC. Materials and Methods: In the present study, data of RNA and miRNA sequencing array were obtained from Oncomine dataset or The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, the distinctive genomic patterns associated with HMMR expression and its correlation with prognosis were analysed by using R package. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on genes expressed aberrantly. We also performed Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blotting analysis to evaluate the expression of HMMR in liver cancer cell lines or 12 HCC samples from The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Results: A total of 407 tumor tissue samples in TCGA dataset were evaluated, combined with analysis in Oncomine dataset, we found HMMR expression was increased in HCC compared to normal tissues. Higher expression of HMMR was correlated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival outcomes. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that HMMR expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival (HMMR: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.154, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.080-1.233, p<0.001). Consistently, RT-PCR, IHC staining and Western blotting analysis further confirmed that HMMR expression was increased in HCC compared with patient-matched adjacent normal liver tissues. Notably, GSEA analysis revealed that differential gene expression in HMMR-high patients (compared with HMMRlow patients) were enriched in cell proliferation and p53 signaling pathway. Moreover, comprehensive analysis showed a strong correlation between HMMR upregulation and miRNA changes. Conclusion: The high expression of HMMR is a poor prognostic factor in HCC and might serve as a potential target of therapy in patients with HCC.
{"title":"Integrative Analysis of HMMR as a Potential Target of Prognosis and Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Bin Yu, Qin Liu, Xuping Yang, Xin Liu, Wanlong Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhong, Heng Luo, Qimin Wei, Qingze Fan, Yilan Huang","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous work has indicated Hyaluronic acid-mediated motor receptor (HMMR) plays an\u0000important role in regulating tumor metastasis. However, few researchers address the clinical significance of\u0000HMMR and its underlying mechanisms for regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study focuses\u0000on the underlying effect of HMMR in the development and prognosis of HCC.\u0000Materials and Methods: In the present study, data of RNA and miRNA sequencing array were obtained\u0000from Oncomine dataset or The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, the distinctive genomic patterns\u0000associated with HMMR expression and its correlation with prognosis were analysed by using R package.\u0000Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on genes expressed aberrantly. We also performed\u0000Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and\u0000Western blotting analysis to evaluate the expression of HMMR in liver cancer cell lines or 12 HCC samples\u0000from The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University.\u0000Results: A total of 407 tumor tissue samples in TCGA dataset were evaluated, combined with analysis in\u0000Oncomine dataset, we found HMMR expression was increased in HCC compared to normal tissues. Higher\u0000expression of HMMR was correlated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival outcomes.\u0000Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that HMMR expression was an independent risk\u0000factor for overall survival (HMMR: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.154, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.080-1.233,\u0000p<0.001). Consistently, RT-PCR, IHC staining and Western blotting analysis further confirmed that HMMR\u0000expression was increased in HCC compared with patient-matched adjacent normal liver tissues. Notably,\u0000GSEA analysis revealed that differential gene expression in HMMR-high patients (compared with HMMRlow patients) were enriched in cell proliferation and p53 signaling pathway. Moreover, comprehensive\u0000analysis showed a strong correlation between HMMR upregulation and miRNA changes.\u0000Conclusion: The high expression of HMMR is a poor prognostic factor in HCC and might serve as a\u0000potential target of therapy in patients with HCC.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81190080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.31487/J.COR.2021.01.05
A. Vilar, C. N. Batzner, J. Avelleira, Arthur César Farah Ferreira
FNAC is commonly used in endocrinology, otorhinolaryngology and other areas, especially for evaluation of thyroid nodules, head and neck masses, enlarged lymph nodes and salivary gland abnormalities. Although FNAC is not a common practice in dermatology routine, in this prospective study, ninety-eight patients presenting with palpable lesions were submitted to FNAC and biopsy at the same time. The majority of cases (82 patients) were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma on cytology, and had 100% of agreement with histopathology. Three cases presented as insufficient material in FNAC and all of them were diagnosed as superficial basal cell carcinoma in histopathology. All cases of squamous cell carcinoma (6 patients) were diagnosed accurately by FNAC. Two cases in our series were diagnosed as keratoacanthoma and due to the clinical correlation with cytopathology the report addressed this compatibility in a note; without the clinic it would be impossible to infer this diagnosis. All four cases of molluscum contagiosum showed characteristic cytopathological aspects and also had 100% of agreement with histopathology. The main potential use appears to be fastest results and confirmation of clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma to allow immediate referral for surgery. FNAC could also prove itself useful when the clinical diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum is among the clinical hypotheses, allowing to confirm it by viewing the characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (molluscum bodies, or Henderson-Paterson bodies). The number of repeat out-patient clinic attendances could thus be reduced and valuable time saved on biopsy lists.
{"title":"Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as a Fast and Cheap Tool in Dermatologic Routine","authors":"A. Vilar, C. N. Batzner, J. Avelleira, Arthur César Farah Ferreira","doi":"10.31487/J.COR.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.COR.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"FNAC is commonly used in endocrinology, otorhinolaryngology and other areas, especially for evaluation\u0000of thyroid nodules, head and neck masses, enlarged lymph nodes and salivary gland abnormalities. Although\u0000FNAC is not a common practice in dermatology routine, in this prospective study, ninety-eight patients\u0000presenting with palpable lesions were submitted to FNAC and biopsy at the same time. The majority of\u0000cases (82 patients) were diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma on cytology, and had 100% of agreement with\u0000histopathology. Three cases presented as insufficient material in FNAC and all of them were diagnosed as\u0000superficial basal cell carcinoma in histopathology. All cases of squamous cell carcinoma (6 patients) were\u0000diagnosed accurately by FNAC. Two cases in our series were diagnosed as keratoacanthoma and due to the\u0000clinical correlation with cytopathology the report addressed this compatibility in a note; without the clinic\u0000it would be impossible to infer this diagnosis. All four cases of molluscum contagiosum showed\u0000characteristic cytopathological aspects and also had 100% of agreement with histopathology. The main\u0000potential use appears to be fastest results and confirmation of clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and\u0000squamous cell carcinoma to allow immediate referral for surgery. FNAC could also prove itself useful when\u0000the clinical diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum is among the clinical hypotheses, allowing to confirm it\u0000by viewing the characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (molluscum bodies, or Henderson-Paterson\u0000bodies). The number of repeat out-patient clinic attendances could thus be reduced and valuable time saved\u0000on biopsy lists.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74117604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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