Cognitive Neurodynamics最新文献

Insomnia is a common mental illness seriously affecting people lives, that might progress to major depression. However, the neural mechanism of patients with CID comorbid MDD remain unclear. Combining fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC), this study investigated abnormality in local and long-range neural activity of patients with CID comorbid MDD. Here, we acquired resting-state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data from 57 patients with CID comorbid MDD and 57 healthy controls (HC). Compared with the controls, patients with CID comorbid MDD exhibited abnormal functional activity in posterior cerebral cortex related to the visual cortex, including the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), the cuneus and the lingual gyrus, specifically, lower fALFF values in the right MOG, left cuneus, and right postcentral gyrus, increased FC between the right MOG and the left cerebellum, and decreased FC between the right MOG and the right lingual gyrus. Neuropsychological correlation analysis revealed that the decreased fALFF in the right MOG was negatively correlated with all the neuropsychological scores of insomnia and depression, reflecting common relationships with symptoms of CID and MDD. While the decreased fALFF of the left cuneus was distinctly correlated with the scores of depression related scales. The decreased FC between the right MOG and the right lingual gyrus was distinctly correlated with the scores of insomnia related scales. This study not only widened neuroimaging evidence that associated with insomnia and depressive symptoms of patients with CID comorbid MDD, but also provided new potential targets for clinical treatment.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) exhibits abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks at multiple frequencies. We used the multilayer network model to address the heterogeneous features at different frequencies and assess the mechanisms of functional integration and segregation of brain networks in JME patients. To address the possibility of false edges or missing edges during network construction, we combined multilayer networks with link prediction techniques. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were procured from 40 JME patients and 40 healthy controls. The Multilayer Network framework is utilized to integrate information from different frequency bands and to fuse similarity metrics for link prediction. Finally, calculate the entropy of the multiplex degree and multilayer clustering coefficient of the reconfigured multilayer frequency network. The results showed that the multilayer brain network of JME patients had significantly reduced ability to integrate and separate information and significantly correlated with severity of JME symptoms. This difference was particularly evident in default mode network (DMN), motor and somatosensory network (SMN), and auditory network (AN). In addition, significant differences were found in the precuneus, suboccipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, thalamus, and insula. Results suggest that JME patients have abnormal brain function and reduced cross-frequency interactions. This may be due to changes in the distribution of connections within and between the DMN, SMN, and AN in multiple frequency bands, resulting in unstable connectivity patterns. The generation of these changes is related to the pathological mechanisms of JME and may exacerbate cognitive and behavioral problems in patients.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-024-10191-0.

The integration of auditory and visual stimuli is essential for effective language processing and social perception. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying audio-visual (A-V) integration by investigating the temporal dynamics of multisensory regions in the human brain. Specifically, we evaluated inter-trial coherence (ITC), a neural index indicative of phase resetting, through scalp electroencephalography (EEG) while participants performed a temporal-order judgment task that involved auditory (beep, A) and visual (flash, V) stimuli. The results indicated that ITC phase resetting was greater for bimodal (A + V) stimuli compared to unimodal (A or V) stimuli in the posterior temporal region, which resembled the responses of A-V multisensory neurons reported in animal studies. Furthermore, the ITC got lager as the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between beep and flash approached 0 ms. This enhancement in ITC was most clearly seen in the beta band (13-30 Hz). Overall, these findings highlight the importance of beta rhythm activity in the posterior temporal cortex for the detection of synchronous audiovisual stimuli, as assessed through temporal order judgment tasks.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-024-10183-0.

The locus coeruleus (LC), as the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the brain, is central to modulating cognitive and behavioral processes. This review synthesizes recent findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the LC-NE system, highlighting its molecular diversity, neurophysiological properties, and role in various brain functions. We discuss the heterogeneity of LC neurons, their differential responses to sensory stimuli, and the impact of NE on cognitive processes such as attention and memory. Furthermore, we explore the system's involvement in stress responses and pain modulation, as well as its developmental changes and susceptibility to stressors. By integrating molecular, electrophysiological, and theoretical modeling approaches, we shed light on the LC-NE system's complex role in the brain's adaptability and its potential relevance to neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Psychological studies have demonstrated that the music can affect memory by triggering different emotions. Building on the relationships among music, emotion, and memory, a memristor-based emotion associative learning circuit is designed by utilizing the nonlinear and non-volatile characteristics of memristors, which includes a music judgment module, three emotion generation modules, three emotional homeostasis modules, and a memory module to implement functions such as learning, second learning, forgetting, emotion generation, and emotional homeostasis. The experimental results indicate that the proposed circuit can simulate the learning and forgetting processes of human under different music circumstances, demonstrate the feasibility of memristors in biomimetic circuits, verify the impact of music on memory, and provide a foundation for in-depth research and application development of the interaction mechanism between emotion and memory.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disability that occurs due to the loss of neurons. The traditional methods to detect AD involve questionnaires and expensive neuro-imaging tests, which are time-consuming, subjective, and inconvenient to the target population. To overcome these limitations, Electroencephalogram (EEG) based methods have been developed to classify AD patients from normal controlled (NC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Most of the EEG-based methods involved entropy-based feature extraction and discrete wavelet transform. However, the existing AD classification methods failed to provide promising classification accuracy. Here, we proposed a wavelet-machine learning (ML) framework to detect AD using a newly designed biorthogonal filter bank by optimization of frequency and time localization of triplet halfband filter banks (OTFL-THFB). The OTFL-THFB decomposes EEG signals into various EEG sub- bands. Hjorth Parameters (HP) and Higuchi's Fractal Dimension (HFD) have been investigated to extract features from each EEG subband. Subsequently, ML models are trained and tested using different features such as OTFL-THFB with HFD, OTFL-THFB with HP, and OTFL-THFB with HFD and HP used for detecting AD with 10-fold cross-validation. This method was applied to two publicly available datasets. Our model achieved an accuracy of $98.91\%$ for AD versus NC and $98.65\%$ for AD versus MCI versus NC using the least square support vector machine. Results indicate that this framework surpassed existing state-of-the-art techniques for classifying AD from NC.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with various clinical manifestations caused by multiple risk factors. However, the effect of different factors and relationships between different features related to PD and the extent of those factors leading to the incidence of PD remains unclear. we employed Bayesian network to construct a prediction model. The prediction system was trained on the data of 35 patients and 26 controls. The structure learning and parameter learning of Bayesian Network was completed through the tree-augmented network (TAN) and Netica software, respectively. We employed four Bayesian Networks in terms of the syllable, including monosyllables, disyllables, multisyllables and unsegmented syllables. The area under the curve (AUC) of monosyllabic, disyllabic, multisyllabic, and unsegmented-syllable models were 0.95, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. In the monosyllabic tests, the best predictor of PD was duration, the posterior probability of which was 92.70%. Meanwhile, minimum f0 (61.60%) predicted best in the disyllabic tests and the variables that predicted best in multisyllables and unsegmented syllables were end f0 (59.40%) and maximum f0 (58.40%). In the cross-sectional comparison, the prediction effect of each variable in the monosyllabic tests was generally higher than that of other test groups. The monosyllabic models had the highest predicted performance of PD. Among acoustic parameters, duration was the strongest feature in predicting the prevalence of PD in monosyllabic tests. We believe that this network methodology will be a useful tool for the clinical prediction of Parkinson's disease.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-024-10194-x.

The term "neuroenhancement" describes the enhancement of cognitive function associated with deficiencies resulting from a specific condition. Nevertheless, there is currently no agreed-upon definition for the term "neuroenhancement", and its meaning can change based on the specific research being discussed. As humans, our continual pursuit of expanding our capabilities, encompassing both cognitive and motor skills, has led us to explore various tools. Among these, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) stands out, yet its potential remains underestimated. Historically, rTMS was predominantly employed in studies focused on rehabilitation objectives. A small amount of research has examined its use on healthy subjects with the goal of improving cognitive abilities like risk-seeking, working memory, attention, cognitive control, learning, computing speed, and decision-making. It appears that the insights gained in this domain largely stem from indirect outcomes of rehabilitation research. This review aims to scrutinize these studies, assessing the effectiveness of rTMS in enhancing cognitive skills in healthy subjects. Given that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has become a popular focus for rTMS in treating psychiatric disorders, corresponding anatomically to Brodmann areas 9 and 46, and considering the documented success of rTMS stimulation on the DLPFC for cognitive improvement, our focus in this review article centers on the DLPFC as the focal point and region of interest. Additionally, recognizing the significance of theta burst magnetic stimulation protocols (TBS) in mimicking the natural firing patterns of the brain to modulate excitability in specific cortical areas with precision, we have incorporated Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) wave patterns. This inclusion, mirroring brain patterns, is intended to enhance the efficacy of the rTMS method. To ascertain if brain magnetic stimulation consistently improves cognition, a thorough meta-analysis of the existing literature has been conducted. The findings indicate that, after excluding outlier studies, rTMS may improve cognition when compared to appropriate control circumstances. However, there is also a considerable degree of variation among the researches. The navigation strategy used to reach the stimulation site and the stimulation location are important factors that contribute to the variation between studies. The results of this study can provide professional athletes, firefighters, bodyguards, and therapists-among others in high-risk professions-with insightful information that can help them perform better on the job.

Algebraic structures are highly effective in designing symmetric key cryptosystems; however, if the key space is not sufficiently large, such systems become vulnerable to brute-force attacks. To address this challenge, our research focuses on enlarging the key space in symmetric key schemes by integrating the non-chain ring with a four-dimensional chaotic system. While chaotic maps offer significant potential for data processing, relying solely on them does not fully leverage their operational advantages. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate algebraic structures that enhance the complexity of the scheme. In the proposed technique, four-dimensional chaotic sequences are employed for image pixel permutation, diffusion, and exclusive-or operations. The scheme is further strengthened against chosen and known plaintext attacks by incorporating pixel values during the exclusive-or operation, where images are XORed with hashed images and keys generated from chaotic sequences. The effectiveness of the technique, its resilience to various forms of attack, and its feasibility for practical implementation are demonstrated through extensive testing and a comprehensive security analysis.

Cross subject Electroencephalogram (EEG) emotion recognition refers to the process of utilizing electroencephalogram signals to recognize and classify emotions across different individuals. It tracks neural electrical patterns, and by analyzing these signals, it's possible to infer a person's emotional state. The objective of cross-subject recognition is to create models or algorithms that can reliably detect emotions in both the same person and several other people. Accurately predicting emotions poses challenges due to dynamic traits. Models struggle with feature extraction, convergence, and negative transfer issues, hindering cross subject emotion recognition. The proposed model employs thorough signal preprocessing, Short-Time Geodesic Flow Kernel Fourier Transform (STGFKFT) for feature extraction, enhancing classifiers' accuracy. Multi-view sheaf attention improves feature discrimination, while the Multi-Scale Convolutional Conditional Invertible Puma Discriminator Neural Network (MSCCIPDNN) framework ensures generalization. Efficient computational techniques and the puma optimization algorithm enhance model robustness and convergence. The suggested framework demonstrates extraordinary success with high accuracy, of 99.5%, 99% and 99.50% for SEED, SEED-IV, and DEAP dataset sequentially. By incorporating these techniques, the proposed method aims to precisely recognition emotions, and accurately captures the features, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing methodologies.