Cognitive Behaviour Therapy最新文献

An intimate partner relationship is one of the most significant life goals for humans. Romantic relationships can promote healthy behavior and buffer against the development of psychiatric disorders. However, reliable and valid measures of relationship satisfaction are lacking. The Valentine scale is a freely available brief measure of relationship satisfaction (https://osf.io/fb72s), intended to provide an easily interpretable index of relationship satisfaction. Across two studies, we evaluated the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Valentine scale. Study One (n = 851) explored the factor structure of the Valentine scale, assessed its test-retest reliability, and criterion-related validity. Study Two (n = 527) confirmed the factor structure of the Valentine scale, explored its measurement invariance, and further evaluated criterion-related validity. The results supported a unidimensional structure of the Valentine scale. Furthermore, the Valentine scale exhibited good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .75 and .81 in Study One and Two, respectively), high test-retest reliability (ICC₃ = .80 at a two-week follow-up in Study One), and appropriate criterion-related validity demonstrating positive correlations with other measures of relationship satisfaction and positive affect, as well as and negative correlations with measures of psychopathology. Together, these findings provide good support for the usage of the Valentine scale to quantify relationship satisfaction.

The Beliefs about Losing Control Inventory (BALCI) was developed to assess negative beliefs about losing control in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Since its creation, research and theoretical work support negative beliefs about losing control as a potential transdiagnostic construct. The present study revised and expanded the original BALCI to be more inclusive of control-related concerns beyond those that would be expected in OCD (e.g. concerns about losing control over how one comes across to others in social anxiety disorder; SAD). Undergraduate students (N = 440) completed a questionnaire battery including the BALCI-II item pool. An exploratory factor analysis of the 32-item BALCI-II supported a four-factor solution. Three of the identified factors capture the feared consequences of losing control: 1) overwhelming emotions, 2) dangerous behaviour, and 3) madness. The fourth factor captures inflated beliefs about probability/severity of those losses. The BALCI-II was found to have good convergent and divergent validity, good to excellent internal, and retest reliability and was shown to have predictive utility in both OCD and SAD, above and beyond existing disorder-specific maladaptive belief domains. Results suggest the BALCI-II is an improvement over the previous version and supports the relevance of these beliefs beyond OCD.

Black persons who smoke are recognized as a smoking health disparity group and face higher rates of tobacco-related disease and morbidity. These disparities result from, in part, exposure to minority-related stress, which results in lower rates of quit success. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), which refers to the fear of stress, is associated with lower rates of cessation and impedes quit success among Black adults who smoke. The current study evaluated the feasibility, utilization, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a smoking cessation and AS reduction smartphone application for Black adults with elevated AS who smoke (The Mobile Anxiety Sensitivity Program for Smoking [MASP]). Participants (N = 24; 62.50% female; M_age = 47.83 years, SD = 9.32) participated in a 6-week trial of MASP. Retention was 83.33% at the 6-week follow-up and MASP utilization was high, with all features used by most participants. Participants reported that MASP was acceptable and 25% of participants reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence, demonstrating strong utility and impact potential. Results also indicated a statistically significant reduction in AS from baseline to follow-up (p = .003, Cohen's d=.76). Black persons who smoke with AS may benefit from an accessible, adaptive app with culturally tailored treatment that addressed AS in the context of smoking cessation.

Panic disorder is costly, and while evidence-based interventions for panic disorder are effective, obtaining a diagnosis often precludes access to such treatments. This is problematic because the categorical diagnosis of panic disorder (i.e. "you have it, or you don't") supported by modern diagnostic manuals contradicts empirically supported dimensional models of panic disorder. Taxometric analyses, which test the dimensional or categorical latent structure of constructs, have consistently revealed dimensional latent structures when applied to other anxiety disorders and panic-related processes, but taxometric analyses have never been applied to panic disorder. To address this gap in the literature, three nonredundant taxometric procedures were applied to seven theoretically-relevant indicators of panic disorder derived from Panic Disorder Severity Scale data collected from 663 participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Simulated comparison plots and objective fit indices were also evaluated. The collective results provided consistent empirical support for a dimensional model of panic disorder, with an overall mean CCFI score of .39. The implications of the present findings for the measurement, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of panic disorder are discussed.

Insomnia is a common and debilitating disorder that is often undiagnosed and untreated. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the first-line treatment for insomnia, though the lack of trained providers is a major barrier to accessibility. To address this issue, an online provider training platform, CBTIweb, was launched in April 2020. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and implementation practices of providers 1 year after their successful completion of CBTIweb. An online survey was sent to 569 providers who completed CBTIweb training within 3 months of launch. Providers were asked about knowledge retention, use of CBTI with patients, barriers, and facilitators to the use of CBTI and acceptability, feasibility, and intervention appropriateness of CBTI. Two hundred and thirty-three providers completed the survey. Results revealed that most of the providers retained knowledge gained during CBTIweb and that self-efficacy for CBTI was positively associated with CBTI use with their patients. Common barriers endorsed by providers were primarily related to difficulty promoting patient-buy-in for CBTI and difficulty finding CBTI supervision and consultation. Helpful facilitators included access to patient and therapist materials. Results also indicate very high acceptability (93.1%), agreeableness (94.3%), and feasibility (88.1%) of CBTI.

Mental health disorders are particularly prevalent among public safety personnel (PSP). Emotional Resilience Skills Training (ERST) is a cognitive behavioural training program for PSP based on the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (i.e. Unified Protocol). The current study was designed to assess whether ERST is associated with reduced putative risk factors for mental disorders and increased individual resilience. The PSP-PTSI Study used a longitudinal prospective sequential experimental cohort design that engaged each participant for approximately 16 months. PSP from diverse sectors (i.e. firefighters, municipal police, paramedics, public safety communicators) completed self-report measures of several putative risk variables (i.e. anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, pain anxiety, illness and injury sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, state anger) and resilience at three time points: pre-training (n = 191), post-training (n = 103), and 1-year follow-up (n = 41). Participant scores were statistically compared across time points. Participants reported statistically significantly lower scores on all putative risk variables except pain anxiety, and statistically significantly higher resilience from pre- to post-training. Changes were sustained at 1-year follow-up. The results indicate that ERST is associated with reductions in several putative risk variables and improvement in resilience among PSP.

Internet-based interventions show promise for meeting the increasing demand for psychological support, yet the mechanisms driving their effectiveness remain unclear. This study examines the roles of empowerment and working alliance in reducing social anxiety disorder (SAD) and improving adherence in a clinician-guided group (GT) compared to a clinician-guided individual treatment (IT). A total of 120 individuals meeting the SAD diagnostic criteria were randomized into one of the two active conditions. Both empowerment and working alliance were repeatedly assessed, and their effects on social anxiety and adherence (measured by completed exercises) were analyzed through t-tests, correlations, repeated measures ANOVA, and mediation models. Results revealed no significant differences between GT and IT in empowerment or alliance, although both improved throughout the intervention. GT demonstrated early advantages in alliance, while IT showed slightly better adherence and a stronger connection between empowerment and adherence. No mediation effects were observed. This study is among the first to indicate that online interventions can enhance empowerment. However, neither group nor individual treatment proved superior in enhancing empowerment or alliance. This could be due to power limitations; therefore, results should be interpreted as tendencies. Further research is needed to clarify how these factors help reduce symptoms of social anxiety.

Psychological interventions can reduce symptom load and disability in adolescents with various functional somatic disorders (FSD). However, mechanisms of change are less investigated, especially in those with multisystem symptomatology. In a post-hoc analysis, illness perception, illness behaviour, and psychological inflexibility (experiential avoidance and fusion) were examined as mediators of changes in self-perceived physical health in adolescents 3 months after receiving group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Enhanced Usual Care. Baseline levels of proposed mediators were also assessed for moderation effects. Data from 91 adolescents (15-19 years) with multisystem FSD (duration ≥1 year) from the RCT "ACT for Health in Adolescents" (AHEAD) were used in a classic mediation analysis. Mediators were measured at baseline (before assessment), 5.5 months (2 weeks after end-of-treatment), and 8 months (3 months after end-of-treatment). Improvements in negative illness perceptions and psychological inflexibility (experiential avoidance) mediated the effect of AHEAD on physical health at 8 months. The mediation effect increased with higher baseline levels, but the moderation effects were non-significant. AHEAD reduced negative illness perception and psychological inflexibility (experiential avoidance) and, consequently, improved physical health in adolescents with multisystem FSD. Reducing these factors may be important treatment targets in future treatment programmes for adolescents with FSD.