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Multi objective optimization of human–robot collaboration: A case study in aerospace assembly line 人机协作的多目标优化:航空航天装配线案例研究
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106874
Pierre Hémono , Ahmed Nait Chabane , M’hammed Sahnoun
Collaborative robotics is becoming increasingly prevalent in industry 5.0, leading to a growing need to improve interactions and collaborations between humans and robots. However, the current approach to defining the sharing of responsibilities between humans and robots is empirical and uses the robot as an active fixture of parts, which is a sub-optimal method for establishing efficient collaboration. This article focuses on optimizing human–robot collaboration on an assembly line within the aerospace industry based on a real-world use case. The methodology adopted in this research entails employing the multi-objective optimization (MOO) method to effectively tackle both the reduction of makespan and the mitigation of working difficulty. Two techniques have been compared for implementation: the weighted sum and the ɛ-constraint methods, which allow the generation of solutions addressing multiple objectives simultaneously. The results offer chief robotics officers a new tool to design collaboration patterns between humans and robots, with practical implications for real industrial applications. This solution produces several results, including improving company competitiveness and productivity, while maintaining the central role of humans within the company and improving its well-being.
协作机器人技术在工业 5.0 领域日益盛行,因此,改善人类与机器人之间的互动与协作的需求也与日俱增。然而,目前定义人与机器人责任分担的方法是经验性的,将机器人作为零件的主动夹具,这是建立高效协作的次优方法。本文基于一个真实世界的使用案例,重点探讨如何优化航空航天工业装配线上的人机协作。本研究采用的方法是利用多目标优化(MOO)方法,有效解决缩短工期和降低工作难度的问题。在实施过程中对两种技术进行了比较:加权求和法和ɛ-约束法,这两种方法可以同时生成解决多个目标的解决方案。研究结果为机器人技术主管提供了一种新工具,用于设计人与机器人之间的协作模式,对实际工业应用具有实际意义。该解决方案可产生多项成果,包括提高公司竞争力和生产率,同时保持人类在公司中的核心作用并改善其福利。
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引用次数: 0
A soft encoding-based evolutionary algorithm for the steelmaking scheduling problem and its extension under energy thresholds 针对炼钢调度问题的基于软编码的进化算法及其在能量阈值下的扩展
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106885
Sheng-Long Jiang
Steelmaking and continuous casting scheduling problem (SCCSP) is a classic optimization problem increasingly incorporating more constraints, such as energy-related ones. However, classic evolutionary algorithms with “rigid” encoding schemes face challenges in finding optimal solutions for heavily constrained SCCSPs. Motivated by this gap, this paper first extends the mathematical model of the classic SCCSP to its variant under energy thresholds (ET-SCCSP) from both single- and multi-objective optimization perspectives, and derives several problem-specific properties. Next, this paper develops a solving algorithm named the soft encoding-based evolutionary algorithm (SoEA), which uses a real-valued vector to encode a feasible solution for SCCSPs. Furthermore, SoEA introduces the following components: (1) a peak-cutting backward list scheduling (PC-BLS) procedure to decode a real-valued vector into a feasible solution, and (2) a local search procedure to enhance the algorithm’s performance. Comparative results in the computational experiment demonstrate that the SoEA with the propose encoding/decoding scheme: (1) achieves better performance than exact solver for small-scale instances under energy thresholds, (2) obtains promising results for medium-scale instances compared to other schemes, and (3) can be intensified by the tailored local search procedure. The proposed SoEA can also serve as a benchmark or tutorial for the development and evaluation of high-efficiency algorithms for other SCCSPs with heavy constraints. The source code is available on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/janason/Soft-Scheduling/tree/master/SoEA.
炼钢和连铸调度问题(SCCSP)是一个经典的优化问题,它越来越多地包含更多的约束条件,例如与能源相关的约束条件。然而,采用 "刚性 "编码方案的经典进化算法在寻找重约束 SCCSP 的最优解时面临挑战。在这一差距的激励下,本文首先从单目标和多目标优化的角度,将经典 SCCSP 的数学模型扩展到其能量阈值下的变体(ET-SCCSP),并推导出几个特定问题的属性。接下来,本文开发了一种名为 "基于软编码的进化算法"(SoEA)的求解算法,该算法使用实值向量对 SCCSP 的可行解进行编码。此外,SoEA 还引入了以下组件:(1) 峰值切割后向列表调度(PC-BLS)程序,将实值向量解码为可行解;以及 (2) 局部搜索程序,以提高算法性能。计算实验中的比较结果表明,采用建议的编码/解码方案的 SoEA:(1) 在能量阈值下的小规模实例中,比精确求解器取得更好的性能;(2) 在中等规模实例中,比其他方案取得更好的结果;(3) 可以通过量身定制的局部搜索程序来提高性能。提出的 SoEA 还可以作为开发和评估其他重约束 SCCSP 高效算法的基准或教程。源代码可从 GitHub 存储库中获取:https://github.com/janason/Soft-Scheduling/tree/master/SoEA。
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引用次数: 0
Arc-flow formulation and branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for the bin-packing problem with fragile objects 易碎物品箱式包装问题的弧流公式和分支-价格-切割算法
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106878
Sunkanghong Wang, Shaowen Yao, Hao Zhang, Qiang Liu, Lijun Wei
This study introduces an arc-flow formulation and the first branch-and-price-and-cut (BPC) algorithm designed to solve the bin-packing problem with fragile objects (BPPFO). This variant of the bin-packing problem originates in the field of telecommunications, particularly in the allocation of cellular calls to frequency channels. The arc-flow formulation is inspired by previous studies and modifies the graph construction method to accommodate fragility constraints. We proved the correctness of this formulation and demonstrated its superiority in instances with small maximum fragility through extensive experiments. The proposed BPC algorithm leverages advanced cutting and packing techniques and incorporates innovative elements such as problem reduction, additional cutting planes, and a label-setting-based exact pricing algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BPC algorithm is highly competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithm for solving the BPPFO and can successfully solve several previously unsolved instances.
本研究介绍了一种弧流公式和第一种分支-价格-切割(BPC)算法,旨在解决易碎物体的箱式包装问题(BPPFO)。这种变体的箱式包装问题起源于电信领域,特别是蜂窝电话的频率信道分配。弧流公式受先前研究的启发,修改了图构建方法,以适应易碎性约束。我们通过大量实验证明了这一表述的正确性,并证明了它在最大脆性较小的实例中的优越性。所提出的 BPC 算法利用了先进的切割和打包技术,并融入了问题缩减、附加切割平面和基于标签设置的精确定价算法等创新元素。实验结果表明,所提出的 BPC 算法与最先进的 BPPFO 求解算法相比具有很强的竞争力,并能成功求解多个以前未解决的实例。
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引用次数: 0
Cross regional online food delivery: Service quality optimization and real-time order assignment 跨区域在线食品配送:服务质量优化和实时订单分配
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106877
Farhana Huq , Nahar Sultana , Palash Roy , Md. Abdur Razzaque , Shamsul Huda , Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
Online food delivery (OFD) represents a rapidly evolving e-business application that leverages cloud computing data centers, playing a crucial role in meeting the demands of urban lifestyles. With diverse order fulfillment features and increasing expectations for service quality, the task of effectively assigning riders for timely long-distance, cross-regional deliveries presents a significant engineering challenge. Previous studies often relied on traditional rider allocation methods that fail to account for varying capacities, or they utilized non-intelligent systems that did not adequately address fluctuating order demands and service delays. In this study, we introduce a robust Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization framework designed to minimize the total service time and delivery cost for cross-regional orders. This framework divides a large OFD area into multiple regions and utilizes both transfer vehicles and riders to optimize deliveries. To enhance the predictive accuracy of our model, we incorporate advanced machine learning techniques. Specifically, we employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast regional order demands accurately, reflecting the dynamic nature of the marketplace. Additionally, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is tailored to dynamically predict travel times from restaurants to customer locations, facilitating more precise scheduling and resource allocation within the MILP framework. These machine learning techniques significantly bolster the MILP framework by providing detailed, accurate predictions that improve decision-making processes and adaptability to real-time conditions. Acknowledging the complexity of this optimization problem, we further enhance our approach by integrating a meta-heuristic algorithm, Adaptive Large Neighbor Search (ALNS), which efficiently assigns orders to the appropriate transfer vehicles and riders within polynomial time. Our Cross Regional Online Food Delivery (XROFD) system is meticulously designed to optimize both customer satisfaction and rider incentives. Simulation experiments confirm that the XROFD system not only reduces service times and delivery costs but also markedly enhances customer satisfaction and provides superior incentives for riders, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.
在线食品配送(OFD)是一种利用云计算数据中心快速发展的电子商务应用,在满足城市生活方式的需求方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着订单履行功能的多样化和人们对服务质量期望的不断提高,如何有效分配骑手以实现及时的长距离、跨区域配送成为一项重大的工程挑战。以往的研究通常依赖于传统的骑手分配方法,这种方法未能考虑到不同的容量,或者使用的是非智能系统,不能充分解决订单需求波动和服务延迟问题。在本研究中,我们引入了一个稳健的混合整数线性规划(MILP)优化框架,旨在最大限度地减少跨区域订单的总服务时间和交付成本。该框架将一个大的 OFD 区域划分为多个区域,并利用换乘车辆和乘客来优化配送。为了提高模型的预测准确性,我们采用了先进的机器学习技术。具体来说,我们采用了长短期记忆(LSTM)模型来准确预测区域订单需求,以反映市场的动态性质。此外,我们还采用了极端梯度提升(XGBoost)技术,以动态预测从餐厅到客户所在地的旅行时间,从而在 MILP 框架内实现更精确的调度和资源分配。这些机器学习技术大大加强了 MILP 框架,提供了详细、准确的预测,改善了决策过程,提高了对实时条件的适应性。考虑到这一优化问题的复杂性,我们通过整合元启发式算法--自适应大邻域搜索(ALNS)--进一步增强了我们的方法,该算法可在多项式时间内高效地将订单分配给适当的转运车辆和乘客。我们的跨区域在线食品配送(XROFD)系统经过精心设计,可同时优化客户满意度和骑手激励机制。模拟实验证实,XROFD 系统不仅缩短了服务时间,降低了配送成本,还显著提高了客户满意度,并为乘客提供了优越的激励机制,优于现有的最先进方法。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithms for the global domination problem 全局支配问题的算法
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106876
Ernesto Parra Inza , Nodari Vakhania , José María Sigarreta Almira , Frank Ángel Hernández Mira
A dominating set D in a graph G is a subset of its vertices such that every its vertex that does not belong to set D is adjacent to at least one vertex from set D. A set of vertices of graph G is a global dominating set if it is a dominating set for both, graph G and its complement. The objective is to find a global dominating set with the minimum cardinality. Neither exact nor approximation algorithm existed for the problem known to be NP-hard. We show that it remains NP-hard for restricted types of graphs. At the same time, we specify some families of graphs for which the three heuristics, that we propose here, are optimal. Given the complexity status of the problem, our aim was the development of powerful heuristic algorithms that work well in practice for large-scaled instances. To measure the efficiency of our heuristics, we formulated the problem as an integer linear program (ILP) and also we developed an alternative implicit enumeration (IE) algorithm obtaining guaranteed optimal solutions for the existing benchmark instances with up to 8000 vertices. Remarkably, for 56.75% of these instances, at least one of our heuristics also created an optimal solution, where an average absolute error for the remaining instances was a single vertex. The average approximation ratio was 1.005, whereas for the largest benchmark instances with up to 25000 vertices our heuristics delivered solutions in less than 2 min.
图 G 中的支配集 D 是其顶点的一个子集,该子集的每个不属于集合 D 的顶点都至少与来自集合 D 的一个顶点相邻。如果图 G 的顶点集合对图 G 及其补集都是支配集,那么该顶点集合就是全局支配集。全局支配集的目标是找到一个心数最小的全局支配集。对于这个已知的 NP 难问题,既没有精确算法,也没有近似算法。我们证明,对于受限类型的图,该问题仍然是 NP-hard。同时,我们还指出了一些图族,对于这些图族,我们在此提出的三种启发式算法是最优的。考虑到问题的复杂性,我们的目标是开发出强大的启发式算法,并在实践中很好地应用于大规模实例。为了衡量我们的启发式算法的效率,我们将问题表述为整数线性规划(ILP),并开发了另一种隐式枚举(IE)算法,该算法能在顶点多达 8000 个的现有基准实例中获得有保证的最优解。值得注意的是,对于其中 56.75% 的实例,我们的启发式算法中至少有一种也能找到最优解,而其余实例的平均绝对误差仅为一个顶点。平均近似率为 1.005,而对于高达 25000 个顶点的最大基准实例,我们的启发式方法在不到 2 分钟的时间内就给出了解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Novel mathematical formulations for parallel-batching processing machine scheduling problems 并行批量加工机器调度问题的新数学公式
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106859
Shaoxiang Zheng , Naiming Xie , Qiao Wu , Caijie Liu
We study mathematical formulations for batch-processing machine scheduling problems (BPMPs), which are the challenging issues in the machine scheduling literature where machines are capable of processing a batch of jobs simultaneously if jobs with non-identical sizes can be packed in a capacitated machine. In this paper, we tackle single- and parallel-machine BPMPs, and other interesting problem variants that aim at minimizing the makespan. We develop novel formulations along with valid inequalities and an algorithm framework that makes use of dual information and bounding techniques to achieve efficiency when instances are intractable. Extensive computational experiments on benchmark instances show that our approaches achieve state-of-the-art results and prove the optimality of intractable instances in the literature.
我们研究了批处理机器调度问题(BPMPs)的数学公式,这是机器调度文献中具有挑战性的问题,在这种情况下,如果大小不相同的作业可以装在一台有容量的机器上,那么机器就能同时处理一批作业。在本文中,我们讨论了单机和并行机器 BPMP 以及其他有趣的问题变体,这些问题的目标是最小化作业间隔。我们开发了新颖的公式、有效的不等式和算法框架,该框架利用对偶信息和边界技术,在实例难以解决时实现高效。在基准实例上进行的大量计算实验表明,我们的方法取得了最先进的结果,并证明了文献中难以解决的实例的最优性。
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引用次数: 0
The quadratic knapsack problem with setup 带设置的二次knapsack问题
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106873
Laura Galli , Silvano Martello , Carlos Rey , Paolo Toth
The Quadratic Knapsack Problem is a well-known generalization of the classical 0-1 knapsack problem, in which any pair of items produces a pairwise profit if both are selected. Another relevant generalization of the knapsack problem is the Knapsack Problem with Setup, in which the items are partitioned into classes, the items of a class can only be inserted into the knapsack if the corresponding class is activated, and activating a class involves a setup cost and a setup capacity reduction.
Despite a rich literature on these two problems, their obvious generalization, i.e., the Quadratic Knapsack Problem with Setup, was never investigated so far. We discuss applications, mathematical models, deterministic matheuristic algorithms, and computationally evaluate their performance.
四元数包问题是经典 0-1 数包问题的一个著名概括,在这个问题中,任何一对物品如果都被选中,都会产生成对的利润。在这个问题中,物品被划分为若干类,只有激活了相应的类,类中的物品才能被放入背包中,而激活一个类涉及到设置成本和设置容量的减少。尽管关于这两个问题的文献非常丰富,但它们的明显泛化问题,即带设置的二次方背包问题,至今从未被研究过。我们讨论了这两个问题的应用、数学模型、确定性数学启发式算法,并对它们的性能进行了计算评估。
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引用次数: 0
Satellite Scheduling Problems: A survey of applications in Earth and outer space observation 卫星调度问题:地球和外层空间观测应用概览
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106875
Benedetta Ferrari , Jean-François Cordeau , Maxence Delorme , Manuel Iori , Roberto Orosei
With the growing interest in leveraging space technologies to provide both knowledge and services, the need for efficient space mission management also increases. Among all the related problems, the scheduling of tasks performed by observation satellites is not only crucial for the astrophysical community, but it also poses challenging optimization problems, which have been studied for nearly 30 years. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of Satellite Scheduling Problems (SSPs), with a particular focus on applications. First, we propose a novel literature classification of SSPs based on the main variants that have been defined over the years. We address both imaging and communication tasks in the context of Earth-centered missions and, for the first time, of outer space missions. Then, for each class of problems we provide a review of the main contributions available in the literature, offering insights about solution methodologies. Finally, we outline some promising future research directions.
随着人们对利用空间技术提供知识和服务的兴趣与日俱增,对高效空间飞行任务管理的需求也在增加。在所有相关问题中,观测卫星执行任务的调度不仅对天体物理学界至关重要,而且还提出了具有挑战性的优化问题,对这些问题的研究已有近 30 年的历史。本调查旨在全面概述卫星调度问题(SSPs),并特别关注其应用。首先,我们根据多年来定义的主要变体,对卫星调度问题提出了一种新的文献分类法。我们讨论了以地球为中心的任务中的成像和通信任务,并首次讨论了外层空间任务中的成像和通信任务。然后,针对每一类问题,我们都对文献中的主要贡献进行了回顾,并提供了有关解决方法的见解。最后,我们概述了一些有前景的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic bilevel interdiction for fake news control in online social networks 在线社交网络中假新闻控制的随机双层拦截法
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106872
Kati Moug , Siqian Shen
Social media platforms attempt to mitigate and control fake news, using interventions such as flagging posts or adjusting newsfeed algorithms, to protect vulnerable individuals. In this paper, we consider performing intervention actions on specific source nodes or user–user edges in social networks, under uncertain effectiveness of different intervention strategies. We model misinformation from malicious users to vulnerable communities using stochastic network interdiction formulations. Specifically, we minimize the expected number of reachable vulnerable users via stochastic maximum flow, and develop an alternative formulation for handling large-scale social networks based on their topological structures. We derive theoretical results for path-based networks and develop an approximate algorithm for single-edge removal on paths. We test instances of a social network with 23,505 nodes, based on the IMDb actors dataset, to demonstrate the scalability of the approach and its effectiveness. Via numerical studies, we find that characteristics of removed edges change when intervention effectiveness is stochastic. Our results suggest that intervention should target on (i) a smaller set of centrally located edges with nodes that represent communities where regulatory actions are more effective, and (ii) dispersed edges with nodes where intervention has a high chance of failure.
社交媒体平台试图通过标记帖子或调整新闻推送算法等干预措施来减少和控制假新闻,从而保护易受攻击的个人。在本文中,我们考虑在不同干预策略效果不确定的情况下,对社交网络中的特定源节点或用户-用户边缘采取干预行动。我们使用随机网络拦截公式对恶意用户向弱势社群发布的错误信息进行建模。具体来说,我们通过随机最大流量最小化可接触到的易受攻击用户的预期数量,并根据大规模社交网络的拓扑结构开发了一种处理大规模社交网络的替代方案。我们推导出了基于路径网络的理论结果,并开发出了在路径上去除单边的近似算法。我们测试了基于 IMDb 演员数据集的 23,505 个节点的社交网络实例,以证明该方法的可扩展性和有效性。通过数值研究,我们发现当干预效果是随机的时,被移除的边的特征会发生变化。我们的研究结果表明,干预的目标应是:(i) 较小的集中边缘,其节点代表监管行动更有效的社区;(ii) 分散边缘,其节点代表干预失败几率较高的社区。
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引用次数: 0
Distributionally robust optimization of a newsvendor model under capital constraint and risk aversion 资本约束和风险规避下新闻供应商模型的分布稳健优化
IF 4.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2024.106870
Jia Zhai , Hui Yu , Kai-Rong Liang , Kevin W. Li
This paper proposes a capital-constrained newsvendor model with risk aversion under a partially known demand distribution with only knowledge of its mean and variance. We adopt the robust conditional value-at-risk (RCVaR) to characterize the vendor’s risk aversion. Firstly, we obtain the closed-form RCVaR optimal order quantity that depends on the demand volatility level: When demand volatility is low, the vendor has four financing-ordering strategies contingent upon different capital levels. When demand volatility is medium, the vendor does not seek bank loans and is left with two ordering strategies. When demand volatility is high, the vendor does not bother placing an order at all. Then, we investigate the impact of capital constraint, risk aversion and demand volatility on the RCVaR optimal order quantity. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of the RCVaR optimal ordering policy by numerical experiments based on both randomly generated and real-world data.
本文提出了一个资本受限的新闻供应商模型,该模型在部分已知需求分布(仅知道其均值和方差)下具有风险规避能力。我们采用稳健条件风险价值(RCVaR)来描述供应商的风险规避。首先,我们得到了取决于需求波动水平的闭式 RCVaR 最佳订货量:当需求波动性较低时,供应商有四种融资订货策略,取决于不同的资本水平。当需求波动性中等时,供应商不寻求银行贷款,只有两种订货策略。当需求波动较大时,供应商根本不需要下订单。然后,我们研究了资本约束、风险规避和需求波动对 RCVaR 最佳订货量的影响。最后,我们通过基于随机生成数据和实际数据的数值实验,证明了 RCVaR 最佳订货政策的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
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Computers & Operations Research
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