Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202397
Andrey A. Zaytsev, Ekaterina A. Filon
Aim. To study the clinical efficacy of Bronchipret syrup compared with the standard (real-world practice) mucoactive therapy for patients with viral pneumonia.
Materials and methods. The observation study included patients 1870 years old who presented with productive cough and were admitted to the pulmonology department with medically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The study included 60 patients; Group 1 included 30 patients who received Bronchipret syrup 5.4 mL 3 times a day for up to 1014 days. The other 30 patients with CAP were included in Group 2 (control), in which other mucoactive drugs were used at the discretion of the physician: acetylcysteine in 56.7% of patients, ambroxol in 30%, and bromhexine in 13.3%. The duration of therapy was established by a physician for a period of 1014 days.
Results. A significant decrease in sputum secretion was observed during treatment with Bronchipret (Group 1) on average on day 4 (after 4.31.2 days) and after 4.50.9 days in group 2. A decrease in the severity of daytime cough in Group 1 was observed after 4.91.2 days vs. 5.11.1 days in Group 2. The nocturnal cough stopped in 2.71.3 days in Group 1 and 2.60.9 days in Group 2.
Conclusion. The data support the use of combined products containing ivy and thyme in patients with CAP and mucolytics.
{"title":"Mucoactive therapy in community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"Andrey A. Zaytsev, Ekaterina A. Filon","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202397","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the clinical efficacy of Bronchipret syrup compared with the standard (real-world practice) mucoactive therapy for patients with viral pneumonia.
 Materials and methods. The observation study included patients 1870 years old who presented with productive cough and were admitted to the pulmonology department with medically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The study included 60 patients; Group 1 included 30 patients who received Bronchipret syrup 5.4 mL 3 times a day for up to 1014 days. The other 30 patients with CAP were included in Group 2 (control), in which other mucoactive drugs were used at the discretion of the physician: acetylcysteine in 56.7% of patients, ambroxol in 30%, and bromhexine in 13.3%. The duration of therapy was established by a physician for a period of 1014 days.
 Results. A significant decrease in sputum secretion was observed during treatment with Bronchipret (Group 1) on average on day 4 (after 4.31.2 days) and after 4.50.9 days in group 2. A decrease in the severity of daytime cough in Group 1 was observed after 4.91.2 days vs. 5.11.1 days in Group 2. The nocturnal cough stopped in 2.71.3 days in Group 1 and 2.60.9 days in Group 2.
 Conclusion. The data support the use of combined products containing ivy and thyme in patients with CAP and mucolytics.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202331
Irina Y. Babaeva, Andrey I. Shevchenko, Diana V. Dudchenko, Christina A. Tolochko, Victor V. Romantsov, Egor O. Nartov
Background. Central nervous system tuberculosis is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is due to an unfavorable clinical course, a high incidence of neurological complications and deaths. Despite this, the problem of early diagnosis is still not solved.
Aim. To study the clinical and laboratory-instrumental features of the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 31 case histories of patients with tuberculous lesions of the meninges and central nervous system in the late stages of HIV infection who were treated at the Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary of Krasnodar Territory in 20202022 was carried out. The data of clinical manifestations of the disease, the results of laboratory and instrumental methods of examination were analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed by Microsoft Office Excel 2021 with the calculation of averages, standard deviation.
Results. Tuberculous lesions of the meninges and the central nervous system among HIV-infected people were more common in men of working age who were not previously registered in a tuberculosis dispensary. All HIV-infected patients had late stages of HIV infection with severe immunodeficiency: the content of CD4+ lymphocytes less than 100 cells was detected in 45.46%; from 100 to 200 cells/l of CD4+ lymphocytes were recorded in 36.36%, more than 200 cells/l in 18.18%. Also, in all the studied patients, the primary focus was established in the form of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, represented in 56.52% of cases by disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. More than 70% had generalized tuberculosis with damage to the kidneys, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes. A feature of the manifestation of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected people can be considered a high frequency of acute increase in neurological symptoms. Of the cerebral manifestations, the most common were: headache, dizziness, photophobia. 13.04% of HIV-infected patients complained of nausea and vomiting. 91.30% showed signs of damage to the substance of the brain, represented by mono-, hemiparesis and damage to the cranial nerves, mainly IIIIV, VI, VII pairs. The composition of CSF in HIV-positive patients revealed the presence of mild pleocytosis (up to 100 cells/l) in 56.52% of cases. The nature of the change in the concentration of proteins, chlorides and glucose is nonspecific.
Conclusions. The study revealed the features of medical and social characteristics, clinical and laboratory and instrumental picture of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients and without HIV infection.
{"title":"Clinical features of the course of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients","authors":"Irina Y. Babaeva, Andrey I. Shevchenko, Diana V. Dudchenko, Christina A. Tolochko, Victor V. Romantsov, Egor O. Nartov","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.9.202331","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Central nervous system tuberculosis is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is due to an unfavorable clinical course, a high incidence of neurological complications and deaths. Despite this, the problem of early diagnosis is still not solved.
 Aim. To study the clinical and laboratory-instrumental features of the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients.
 Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 31 case histories of patients with tuberculous lesions of the meninges and central nervous system in the late stages of HIV infection who were treated at the Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary of Krasnodar Territory in 20202022 was carried out. The data of clinical manifestations of the disease, the results of laboratory and instrumental methods of examination were analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed by Microsoft Office Excel 2021 with the calculation of averages, standard deviation.
 Results. Tuberculous lesions of the meninges and the central nervous system among HIV-infected people were more common in men of working age who were not previously registered in a tuberculosis dispensary. All HIV-infected patients had late stages of HIV infection with severe immunodeficiency: the content of CD4+ lymphocytes less than 100 cells was detected in 45.46%; from 100 to 200 cells/l of CD4+ lymphocytes were recorded in 36.36%, more than 200 cells/l in 18.18%. Also, in all the studied patients, the primary focus was established in the form of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, represented in 56.52% of cases by disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. More than 70% had generalized tuberculosis with damage to the kidneys, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes. A feature of the manifestation of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected people can be considered a high frequency of acute increase in neurological symptoms. Of the cerebral manifestations, the most common were: headache, dizziness, photophobia. 13.04% of HIV-infected patients complained of nausea and vomiting. 91.30% showed signs of damage to the substance of the brain, represented by mono-, hemiparesis and damage to the cranial nerves, mainly IIIIV, VI, VII pairs. The composition of CSF in HIV-positive patients revealed the presence of mild pleocytosis (up to 100 cells/l) in 56.52% of cases. The nature of the change in the concentration of proteins, chlorides and glucose is nonspecific.
 Conclusions. The study revealed the features of medical and social characteristics, clinical and laboratory and instrumental picture of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients and without HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202342
N.B. Minkova, Oleg Iu. Latyshev, G. Okminyan, Elena V. Kiseleva, Dar'ia S. Romaikina, Liubov N. Samsonova
Background. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past three decades worldwide, and in this regard, the frequency of diseases associated with obesity, including disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, has increased. The involvement of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in the development of prediabetes in obesity has been established. However, the significance of each pathological mechanism in the development of prediabetes in childhood and adolescence has not been established. In this regard, in children's practice, there is no reliable data on methods of prevention and treatment of prediabetes in obesity. Aim. To study the role of insulin resistance in the development of prediabetes in obese adolescents. Materials and methods. The study involved 95 adolescents with obesity. Inclusion criteria: SDS BMI≥2.0, Tanner stage ≥II, age 18.0 years, exclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus. The sample was divided into prediabetics (n=40, mean age 14.0±1.53 years; SDS BMI 3.09±0.54, boys n=23) and non-prediabetics (n=55, mean age 14.6±1.67 years; SDS BMI 3.11±0.54; boys n=32). Both groups were matched on age, SDS BMI, sex (p=0.082, p=0.975, p=0.947, respectively). The research consisted of estimates of BMI, insulin, C-peptide, fasting venous blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high Density Lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartat aminotransferase, HOMA-IR and TyG indices, results of oral glucose tolerance test at 0 and 2 hours after glucose load, ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system. Prediabetes in adolescents was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Results. Prediabetes was diagnosed in 42.1% (40/95) of cases. There were statistically significant differences between the indices of groups with prediabetes and normal glucose metabolism: fasting plasma glucose – FPG (mean 5.63±0.49; 95% confidence interval – CI 5.48–5.79 vs 5.03±0.42; 4.92–5.15 mmol/L; p0.001); 2hPG (mean 7.04±0.93; 95% CI 6.74–7.34 vs 6.23±0.82; 6.01–6.46 mmol/l; p0.001); HbA1c (mean 5.5±0.31; 95% CI 5.39–5.59% vs 5.2±0.25; 5.15–5.29%; p0.001); cholesterol (4.47±0.73; 95% CI 4.23–4.72 vs 3.96±0.92; 3.73–4.24 mmol/l; p=0.004), low-density lipoprotein (2.89±0.96, 95% CI 2.55–3.20 vs 2.46±0.89, 2.21–2.71 mmol/l; p=0.036). There were no significant differences in fasting insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, aspartat aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, HOMA-IR index and TyG, were also no significant differences in the frequency of hepatic steatosis (47.5% vs 52.7%; p=0.532). Conclusion. Teenagers with obesity, with prediabetes, and without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism had a similar level of peripheral tissue sensitivity to the action of insulin. There are additional factors leading to the formation of prediabetes with obesity in the child population that have to be learned in futu
背景。在过去的三十年里，全球儿童肥胖症的发病率大幅上升，与肥胖症相关的疾病（包括碳水化合物代谢紊乱）的发病率也随之增加。胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素缺乏参与肥胖症前期糖尿病的发生已经得到证实。然而，每种病理机制在儿童和青少年糖尿病前期发展中的重要性尚未确定。因此，在儿童实践中，关于肥胖症糖尿病前期的预防和治疗方法还没有可靠的数据。 研究目的研究胰岛素抵抗在肥胖青少年糖尿病前期发展中的作用。 材料和方法。研究涉及 95 名肥胖青少年。纳入标准：SDS BMI≥2.0，Tanner 阶段≥II，年龄 18.0 岁，排除标准：糖尿病。样本分为糖尿病前期患者（n=40，平均年龄（14.0±1.53）岁；SDS BMI 3.09±0.54，男生 n=23）和非糖尿病患者（n=55，平均年龄（14.6±1.67）岁；SDS BMI 3.11±0.54，男生 n=32）。两组在年龄、SDS BMI、性别方面匹配（分别为 p=0.082、p=0.975、p=0.947）。研究内容包括 BMI、胰岛素、C 肽、空腹静脉血糖、HbA1c、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、HOMA-IR 和 TyG 指数的估计值，葡萄糖负荷后 0 小时和 2 小时的口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果，肝胆系统超声波检查。青少年糖尿病前期的诊断采用美国糖尿病协会的标准。数据使用 SPSS Statistics for Windows 26.0 版进行分析。 结果42.1%的病例（40/95）被诊断为糖尿病前期。糖尿病前期组和糖代谢正常组之间的指标差异有统计学意义：空腹血浆葡萄糖 - FPG（平均值 5.63±0.49；95% 置信区间 - CI 5.48-5.79 vs 5.03±0.42；4.92-5.15 mmol/L；P0.001）；2hPG（平均值 7.04±0.93；95% CI 6.74-7.34 vs 6.23±0.82；6.01-6.46 mmol/L；P0.001）；HbA1c（平均5.5±0.31；95% CI 5.39-5.59% vs 5.2±0.25；5.15-5.29%；P0.001）；胆固醇（4.47±0.73；95% CI 4.23-4.72 vs 3.96±0.92; 3.73-4.24 mmol/l；P=0.004）、低密度脂蛋白（2.89±0.96，95% CI 2.55-3.20 vs 2.46±0.89，2.21-2.71 mmol/l；P=0.036）。空腹胰岛素、C 肽、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、HOMA-IR 指数和 TyG 均无明显差异，肝脏脂肪变性的频率也无明显差异（47.5% vs 52.7%；P=0.532）。 结论患有肥胖症、糖尿病前期和没有碳水化合物代谢紊乱的青少年，其外周组织对胰岛素作用的敏感性水平相似。儿童肥胖症前期糖尿病的形成还有其他因素，有待今后的研究发现。
{"title":"Insulin resistance and its role in the pathogenesis of pre-diabetes development in obese adolescents","authors":"N.B. Minkova, Oleg Iu. Latyshev, G. Okminyan, Elena V. Kiseleva, Dar'ia S. Romaikina, Liubov N. Samsonova","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202342","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly over the past three decades worldwide, and in this regard, the frequency of diseases associated with obesity, including disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, has increased. The involvement of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in the development of prediabetes in obesity has been established. However, the significance of each pathological mechanism in the development of prediabetes in childhood and adolescence has not been established. In this regard, in children's practice, there is no reliable data on methods of prevention and treatment of prediabetes in obesity. Aim. To study the role of insulin resistance in the development of prediabetes in obese adolescents. Materials and methods. The study involved 95 adolescents with obesity. Inclusion criteria: SDS BMI≥2.0, Tanner stage ≥II, age 18.0 years, exclusion criteria: diabetes mellitus. The sample was divided into prediabetics (n=40, mean age 14.0±1.53 years; SDS BMI 3.09±0.54, boys n=23) and non-prediabetics (n=55, mean age 14.6±1.67 years; SDS BMI 3.11±0.54; boys n=32). Both groups were matched on age, SDS BMI, sex (p=0.082, p=0.975, p=0.947, respectively). The research consisted of estimates of BMI, insulin, C-peptide, fasting venous blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high Density Lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartat aminotransferase, HOMA-IR and TyG indices, results of oral glucose tolerance test at 0 and 2 hours after glucose load, ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system. Prediabetes in adolescents was diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Results. Prediabetes was diagnosed in 42.1% (40/95) of cases. There were statistically significant differences between the indices of groups with prediabetes and normal glucose metabolism: fasting plasma glucose – FPG (mean 5.63±0.49; 95% confidence interval – CI 5.48–5.79 vs 5.03±0.42; 4.92–5.15 mmol/L; p0.001); 2hPG (mean 7.04±0.93; 95% CI 6.74–7.34 vs 6.23±0.82; 6.01–6.46 mmol/l; p0.001); HbA1c (mean 5.5±0.31; 95% CI 5.39–5.59% vs 5.2±0.25; 5.15–5.29%; p0.001); cholesterol (4.47±0.73; 95% CI 4.23–4.72 vs 3.96±0.92; 3.73–4.24 mmol/l; p=0.004), low-density lipoprotein (2.89±0.96, 95% CI 2.55–3.20 vs 2.46±0.89, 2.21–2.71 mmol/l; p=0.036). There were no significant differences in fasting insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, aspartat aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, HOMA-IR index and TyG, were also no significant differences in the frequency of hepatic steatosis (47.5% vs 52.7%; p=0.532). Conclusion. Teenagers with obesity, with prediabetes, and without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism had a similar level of peripheral tissue sensitivity to the action of insulin. There are additional factors leading to the formation of prediabetes with obesity in the child population that have to be learned in futu","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202337
Anastasia S. Chernyavskaya, O. Simonova
Aim. To determine the course features of the post-COVID syndrome in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, asthma). Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology of the Filatov Clinical Institute of the Sechenov University – National Medical Research Center for Children's Health from November 2020 to April 2023. The bi-directional single-center study included patients aged 1 month to 17 years 11 months who had a new coronavirus infection. The analysis included 69 patients with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases: cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, and asthma. All patients were assessed at an average of 1 year (±2 months) after the new coronavirus infection using the ISARIC COVID-19 standardized questionnaire for children. The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome, the frequency of persistent symptoms, and the consequences of the new coronavirus infection in the group of children with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases were determined. The rate of underlying disease exacerbations before and 1 year after COVID-19 was also retrospectively assessed. Results. One year after COVID-19 infection, patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases do not consider themselves fully recovered from the disease and experience several persistent symptoms affecting various spheres of life: fatigue, physical activity, loss of appetite, as well as cognitive impairment, including difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, slip in speech, disrupting the daily life of the child and his family members and causing learning difficulties. To improve the quality of care for children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases who survived the COVID-19, programs for rehabilitation and treatment for post-COVID syndrome are needed, considering the possibility of developing both physical and neurocognitive disorders.
{"title":"Post-COVID syndrome in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases","authors":"Anastasia S. Chernyavskaya, O. Simonova","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202337","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the course features of the post-COVID syndrome in children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases (cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, asthma). Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology of the Filatov Clinical Institute of the Sechenov University – National Medical Research Center for Children's Health from November 2020 to April 2023. The bi-directional single-center study included patients aged 1 month to 17 years 11 months who had a new coronavirus infection. The analysis included 69 patients with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases: cystic fibrosis, congenital bronchial and lung malformations, and asthma. All patients were assessed at an average of 1 year (±2 months) after the new coronavirus infection using the ISARIC COVID-19 standardized questionnaire for children. The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome, the frequency of persistent symptoms, and the consequences of the new coronavirus infection in the group of children with concomitant chronic nonspecific lung diseases were determined. The rate of underlying disease exacerbations before and 1 year after COVID-19 was also retrospectively assessed. Results. One year after COVID-19 infection, patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases do not consider themselves fully recovered from the disease and experience several persistent symptoms affecting various spheres of life: fatigue, physical activity, loss of appetite, as well as cognitive impairment, including difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, slip in speech, disrupting the daily life of the child and his family members and causing learning difficulties. To improve the quality of care for children with chronic nonspecific lung diseases who survived the COVID-19, programs for rehabilitation and treatment for post-COVID syndrome are needed, considering the possibility of developing both physical and neurocognitive disorders.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202336
Natalja A. Susuleva, Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, M. I. Savelyeva
One of the main problems in pediatrics and pediatric oncology is early diagnosis of malignancies in children. It makes a provision for high surveillance more than 90% and ability to restrict an anti-cancer treatment, which define a high quality of life with low incidence of acute reactions and complications of anti-cancer therapy especially delayed. At the same time, even today up to 75% of patients are check into a specialized hospital with advanced disease stages and large tumor mass. The main reason of it is the absence of cancer alterness in first patients contact doctors: pediatricians, highly specialized non-oncological doctors. Identification of high tumor risk children, knowledge of symptoms for differential diagnosis with oncological disorders, abidance by principium of cancer alterness, optimal patients logistics and teamwork of all doctors involved in patients with cancer are the recipe for successful treatment.
{"title":"The problems in pediatric oncology. Cancer alterness: A review","authors":"Natalja A. Susuleva, Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, M. I. Savelyeva","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202336","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems in pediatrics and pediatric oncology is early diagnosis of malignancies in children. It makes a provision for high surveillance more than 90% and ability to restrict an anti-cancer treatment, which define a high quality of life with low incidence of acute reactions and complications of anti-cancer therapy especially delayed. At the same time, even today up to 75% of patients are check into a specialized hospital with advanced disease stages and large tumor mass. The main reason of it is the absence of cancer alterness in first patients contact doctors: pediatricians, highly specialized non-oncological doctors. Identification of high tumor risk children, knowledge of symptoms for differential diagnosis with oncological disorders, abidance by principium of cancer alterness, optimal patients logistics and teamwork of all doctors involved in patients with cancer are the recipe for successful treatment.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202466
Mariia V. Gmoshinskaya
Breast milk meets the needs of a 6-month-old child in macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) almost entirely, while in minerals and trace elements only partially. Complementary feeding is the stage of development of the child's eating behavior when its diet expands due to the introduction of additional products. The model of human eating behavior is formed in infancy and early childhood when stable taste preferences and attitudes to eating (regimen, serving size, table culture) are established. The European and North American Nutrition Committees, in their resolution (2008), noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods for breastfed and bottle-fed infants should be the same: no earlier than week 17 and no later than week 26. The age to introduce complementary foods in Russia is 4-6 months and 5.5 months in breastfed infants. Due to the intensive growth and increased physical activity of the child, it is advisable to use milk porridges as one of the main types of complementary foods necessary for children at 4–5 months to provide an additional (relative to human milk or its substitutes) amount of protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins. In recent years, ready-to-use liquid cereals have become popular. Due to the carbohydrate component of cereals, which promotes longer satiety, they can be given to young children before bedtime.
{"title":"Development of taste perception and complementary foods: A review","authors":"Mariia V. Gmoshinskaya","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202466","url":null,"abstract":"Breast milk meets the needs of a 6-month-old child in macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) almost entirely, while in minerals and trace elements only partially. Complementary feeding is the stage of development of the child's eating behavior when its diet expands due to the introduction of additional products. The model of human eating behavior is formed in infancy and early childhood when stable taste preferences and attitudes to eating (regimen, serving size, table culture) are established. The European and North American Nutrition Committees, in their resolution (2008), noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods for breastfed and bottle-fed infants should be the same: no earlier than week 17 and no later than week 26. The age to introduce complementary foods in Russia is 4-6 months and 5.5 months in breastfed infants. Due to the intensive growth and increased physical activity of the child, it is advisable to use milk porridges as one of the main types of complementary foods necessary for children at 4–5 months to provide an additional (relative to human milk or its substitutes) amount of protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins. In recent years, ready-to-use liquid cereals have become popular. Due to the carbohydrate component of cereals, which promotes longer satiety, they can be given to young children before bedtime.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2023.8.202324
V. Vavilova, Alexander M. Vavilov, Anna V. Anisimova, Natalia V. Lyachina, Nina K. Perevoshchikova, Yulia G. Sosnina, Vitaliy A. Vavilov, Anzhelika A. Bogomolova, Irina V. Filimonova, Tatyana A. Dobryak, Tamara M. Vakulova, I. Seliverstov, Kristina V. Kabanova, Igor A. Ermolyuk, Yevgeniya S. Titorenko, N. P. Krekova, Natalia S. Chernikh, Svetlana A. Drakina
Background. About 30 to 80% of children who have had a new coronavirus infection, suffer from post-COVID syndrome, the manifestations of which are diverse and persist for 12 weeks or more. Post-COVID syndrome remains an urgent problem in pediatrics, the clinical variants of which are diverse. There is no statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronavirus infection and the development of post-COVID syndrome. According to current data, the risk group for post-COVID syndrome includes children under 1 year of age, children with comorbid pathology. Aim. To evaluate the frequency of development, clinical variants and course of post-COVID syndrome in children and teenager of a large industrial city in order to optimize recommendations for their rehabilitation after a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. The were analyzed developmental histories of 6252 children and adolescents in Kemerovo (form 112/y) who had a new coronavirus infection. Results. Data on post-COVID syndrome were recorded in the developmental histories of 3066 (49.04%) children and adolescents, analyzed by medical documents. At the age of 13–15 years, the incidence of post-COVID syndrome is 55%, which is statistically significantly higher than in other age groups (p=0.005–0.0001). The following clinical variants of post-COVID syndrome were identified: asthenic, respiratory, cardiac, recurrent ears, nose, and throat, functional gastrointestinal disorders and mixed, the frequency of which varies depending on age and gender. Children with comorbid pathology (iron deficiency anemia and grade I–II pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy) are statistically significantly more likely to suffer from post-COVID syndrome (p=0.000000001; 0.00000009; 0.00000009) than children without a history of comorbid pathology. Conclusion. Post-COVID syndrome occurs in half of children and adolescents who have had a new coronavirus infection. The frequency of post-COVID syndrome variants in children and adolescents differs. The presence comorbid pathology (iron deficiency anemia, pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia of the 2 degree) increases the risk of developing post-COVID syndrome. It is necessary to examine patients in a timely manner for the purpose of differential diagnosis and drawing up an individual rehabilitation plan. Special attention should be paid to children with comorbid pathology.
{"title":"Post-COVID syndrome in children and adolescents of a large industrial city","authors":"V. Vavilova, Alexander M. Vavilov, Anna V. Anisimova, Natalia V. Lyachina, Nina K. Perevoshchikova, Yulia G. Sosnina, Vitaliy A. Vavilov, Anzhelika A. Bogomolova, Irina V. Filimonova, Tatyana A. Dobryak, Tamara M. Vakulova, I. Seliverstov, Kristina V. Kabanova, Igor A. Ermolyuk, Yevgeniya S. Titorenko, N. P. Krekova, Natalia S. Chernikh, Svetlana A. Drakina","doi":"10.26442/26586630.2023.8.202324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2023.8.202324","url":null,"abstract":"Background. About 30 to 80% of children who have had a new coronavirus infection, suffer from post-COVID syndrome, the manifestations of which are diverse and persist for 12 weeks or more. Post-COVID syndrome remains an urgent problem in pediatrics, the clinical variants of which are diverse. There is no statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronavirus infection and the development of post-COVID syndrome. According to current data, the risk group for post-COVID syndrome includes children under 1 year of age, children with comorbid pathology. Aim. To evaluate the frequency of development, clinical variants and course of post-COVID syndrome in children and teenager of a large industrial city in order to optimize recommendations for their rehabilitation after a new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. The were analyzed developmental histories of 6252 children and adolescents in Kemerovo (form 112/y) who had a new coronavirus infection. Results. Data on post-COVID syndrome were recorded in the developmental histories of 3066 (49.04%) children and adolescents, analyzed by medical documents. At the age of 13–15 years, the incidence of post-COVID syndrome is 55%, which is statistically significantly higher than in other age groups (p=0.005–0.0001). The following clinical variants of post-COVID syndrome were identified: asthenic, respiratory, cardiac, recurrent ears, nose, and throat, functional gastrointestinal disorders and mixed, the frequency of which varies depending on age and gender. Children with comorbid pathology (iron deficiency anemia and grade I–II pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy) are statistically significantly more likely to suffer from post-COVID syndrome (p=0.000000001; 0.00000009; 0.00000009) than children without a history of comorbid pathology. Conclusion. Post-COVID syndrome occurs in half of children and adolescents who have had a new coronavirus infection. The frequency of post-COVID syndrome variants in children and adolescents differs. The presence comorbid pathology (iron deficiency anemia, pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia of the 2 degree) increases the risk of developing post-COVID syndrome. It is necessary to examine patients in a timely manner for the purpose of differential diagnosis and drawing up an individual rehabilitation plan. Special attention should be paid to children with comorbid pathology.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202345
A. B. Malakhov, Alena Iu. Sedova, Natalia G. Kolosova, Pavel B. Berezhanskiy, T. A. Gutyrchik
Community-acquired pneumonia is among the most common lower respiratory infections. The main etiological factors of lower respiratory infections are bacteria, viruses, and combinations. Pediatricians are increasingly faced with the problem of treating patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and viral lung infections; therefore, differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial lung infections in children is relevant. Significant progress has been made in diagnosing, treating, and preventing pneumonia in children; however, some issues require improvement in approaches to the differential diagnosis of lung infections in children. The paper aims to familiarize healthcare providers with modern principles of differential diagnosis and treatment of lung infections in children.
{"title":"Viral and bacterial lung infections in children: algorithms for diagnosis and therapy. A review","authors":"A. B. Malakhov, Alena Iu. Sedova, Natalia G. Kolosova, Pavel B. Berezhanskiy, T. A. Gutyrchik","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202345","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired pneumonia is among the most common lower respiratory infections. The main etiological factors of lower respiratory infections are bacteria, viruses, and combinations. Pediatricians are increasingly faced with the problem of treating patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and viral lung infections; therefore, differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial lung infections in children is relevant. Significant progress has been made in diagnosing, treating, and preventing pneumonia in children; however, some issues require improvement in approaches to the differential diagnosis of lung infections in children. The paper aims to familiarize healthcare providers with modern principles of differential diagnosis and treatment of lung infections in children.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202350
Liliyana A. Chugunova, Alexandra A. Piskulina, Kirill V. Kostiukov
A literature review on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects is presented, focusing on the causes and risk factors for these disorders. Various pathogenetic mechanisms for neural tube defects and the role of folic acid in their prevention are described. The main stages of ultrasound evaluation of the central nervous system structures in the first trimester of pregnancy are addressed. A basic ultrasound imaging technique that allows to identify spina bifida is provided. This review aims to present current data on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects. A search was conducted in domestic and foreign literature databases (eLIBRARY, Medline/PubMed, Embase, Crossref, RSCI) using the keywords "neural tube defect," "spina bifida," "prenatal diagnosis," "folic acid," "meningomyelocele," "myeloschisis." Twenty-five papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Healthcare providers' awareness of the methods of prenatal prophylaxis and the possibilities of early perinatal ultrasound diagnosis of neural tube defects will reduce their incidence and infant morbidity rates and increase the effectiveness of medical care.
{"title":"Neural tube defects: current view on etiology, prenatal prevention, and early diagnosis. A review","authors":"Liliyana A. Chugunova, Alexandra A. Piskulina, Kirill V. Kostiukov","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202350","url":null,"abstract":"A literature review on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects is presented, focusing on the causes and risk factors for these disorders. Various pathogenetic mechanisms for neural tube defects and the role of folic acid in their prevention are described. The main stages of ultrasound evaluation of the central nervous system structures in the first trimester of pregnancy are addressed. A basic ultrasound imaging technique that allows to identify spina bifida is provided. This review aims to present current data on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects. A search was conducted in domestic and foreign literature databases (eLIBRARY, Medline/PubMed, Embase, Crossref, RSCI) using the keywords \"neural tube defect,\" \"spina bifida,\" \"prenatal diagnosis,\" \"folic acid,\" \"meningomyelocele,\" \"myeloschisis.\" Twenty-five papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Healthcare providers' awareness of the methods of prenatal prophylaxis and the possibilities of early perinatal ultrasound diagnosis of neural tube defects will reduce their incidence and infant morbidity rates and increase the effectiveness of medical care.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202357
E. Zholobova, V. T. Yusupova, Elena Iu. Afonina, V. Seraya, M.N. Nikolaeva, Marina S. Dzis, O.G. Sukhovjova, S. Kurbanova, Saniia I. Valieva
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) accounts for 10–15% of juvenile arthritis cases. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally higher in SJIA patients than in the general pediatric population; however, the association of IBD with SJIA is rare. Among 65 patients with SJIA managed in two pediatric rheumatology centers, IBD was detected in 3 patients 3, 8, and 10 years from the SJIA onset. The clinical presentation of IBD in patients with SJIA is rather scanty; the diagnosis is mainly based on the colonoscopy and biopsy results. In 2 patients, Crohn's disease was diagnosed, and undifferentiated colitis in 1 patient.
{"title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in patients with systemic juvenile arthritis: Case report","authors":"E. Zholobova, V. T. Yusupova, Elena Iu. Afonina, V. Seraya, M.N. Nikolaeva, Marina S. Dzis, O.G. Sukhovjova, S. Kurbanova, Saniia I. Valieva","doi":"10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2023.8.202357","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) accounts for 10–15% of juvenile arthritis cases. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally higher in SJIA patients than in the general pediatric population; however, the association of IBD with SJIA is rare. Among 65 patients with SJIA managed in two pediatric rheumatology centers, IBD was detected in 3 patients 3, 8, and 10 years from the SJIA onset. The clinical presentation of IBD in patients with SJIA is rather scanty; the diagnosis is mainly based on the colonoscopy and biopsy results. In 2 patients, Crohn's disease was diagnosed, and undifferentiated colitis in 1 patient.","PeriodicalId":10550,"journal":{"name":"Consilium Medicum","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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