Toshimichi Nakanishi, H. Kimura, H. Matsuyama, H. Wan, Yoshiyuki Horikawa, T. Echigo, N. Kitada, K. Takemura
Beppu Bay, occupying the western portion of an arc-bisecting dextral fault system, is a tectonic depression that has existed since ca. 5 Ma. Funai Fault is a major normal fault along the southern margin of the tectonic basin. In order to estimate the activity of this fault, sedimentary facies, diatom assemblages, and radiocarbon ages of 17 terrestrial plant fragments and 4 marine carbonate samples were determined from seven drill cores. Based on the analysis, three sedimentary facies, namely delta front, delta plain, and artificial soil, were identified. These accumulation and defor-mation structures were imaged by ground penetrating radar profiling. Based on the results, the latest seismic event was identified at 800 to 400 cal BP based on the depositional ages and diatom assemblages from the uppermost mud layers in the delta plain sediment. The previous event was also identified at ca 2,100 cal BP on the basis of the vertical displacement of the lower mud layer in the delta front sediment. The recurrence interval was calculated at ca 1,700 years.
别府湾是一个约5 Ma以来的构造坳陷，位于一个分弧右断系的西部。船奈断裂是构造盆地南缘的一条重要正断层。为了估计该断裂的活度，对17个陆生植物碎片和4个海相碳酸盐岩样品进行了沉积相、硅藻组合和放射性碳年龄测定。在此基础上，确定了三角洲前缘、三角洲平原和人工土壤3种沉积相。利用探地雷达剖面对这些堆积变形构造进行了成像。在此基础上，根据沉积年代和三角洲平原最上层泥层硅藻组合特征，确定了最新地震事件发生在800 ~ 400 cal BP。根据三角洲前缘沉积物下泥层的垂直位移，确定了前一次事件发生在2100 cal BP左右。其复发周期约为1700年。
{"title":"Paleoseismic history of an active fault in a coastal area evaluated by arrayed drilling and ground penetrating radar survey : An example of the Funai Fault beneath the western part of Oita Plain, southwestern Japan","authors":"Toshimichi Nakanishi, H. Kimura, H. Matsuyama, H. Wan, Yoshiyuki Horikawa, T. Echigo, N. Kitada, K. Takemura","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.163","url":null,"abstract":"Beppu Bay, occupying the western portion of an arc-bisecting dextral fault system, is a tectonic depression that has existed since ca. 5 Ma. Funai Fault is a major normal fault along the southern margin of the tectonic basin. In order to estimate the activity of this fault, sedimentary facies, diatom assemblages, and radiocarbon ages of 17 terrestrial plant fragments and 4 marine carbonate samples were determined from seven drill cores. Based on the analysis, three sedimentary facies, namely delta front, delta plain, and artificial soil, were identified. These accumulation and defor-mation structures were imaged by ground penetrating radar profiling. Based on the results, the latest seismic event was identified at 800 to 400 cal BP based on the depositional ages and diatom assemblages from the uppermost mud layers in the delta plain sediment. The previous event was also identified at ca 2,100 cal BP on the basis of the vertical displacement of the lower mud layer in the delta front sediment. The recurrence interval was calculated at ca 1,700 years.","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Naruo, Kota Nakama, Tetsuya Watanabe, Hiroaki Kamada, Eiko Nishimuta, Hirotugu Matsusaki
{"title":"Aspects of the eruption of Kaimondake volcano in year 16 of the Jogan era (874 AD) and human response to volcanic disaster","authors":"H. Naruo, Kota Nakama, Tetsuya Watanabe, Hiroaki Kamada, Eiko Nishimuta, Hirotugu Matsusaki","doi":"10.4116/jaqua.58.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.58.211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115619273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On tsunami sediment transport modeling and uncertainties","authors":"D. Sugawara","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yoshimura, Yoshiro Ishihara, Heizaburo Yamauchi, Ayano Shimabukuro, C. Katagiri, M. Noto, Y. Tennichi
Speleothems in limestone caves are precipitated during CO 2 degassing from groundwater super-saturated with calcite. Stalagmites, a type of speleothem that develops from the cave floor, grow upward at around 10-100 µm a year. Paleoenvironmental information such as the Asia-monsoon activity and the vegetation changes on the upper cave surface can be obtained from detailed geochemical analysis of stalagmites along a growth direction. Episodic events like earthquakes are indicated by flaws in the speleothems. Absolute ages of the events can be obtained by U-Th dating and UV-fluorescent annual lamina counting in speleothems. We reviewed possible records remaining in limestone caves during large-scale earthquakes and tsunamis around the world, and discussed the effects of a large scale tsunami on 500-year records of Mg/ Ca, δ 13 C and Sr/Ca ratios of two stalagmites from the Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave Site, near the Shiraho beach, Ishigaki, Okinawa.
{"title":"Large earthquakes and tsunamis recorded in limestone caves","authors":"K. Yoshimura, Yoshiro Ishihara, Heizaburo Yamauchi, Ayano Shimabukuro, C. Katagiri, M. Noto, Y. Tennichi","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.195","url":null,"abstract":"Speleothems in limestone caves are precipitated during CO 2 degassing from groundwater super-saturated with calcite. Stalagmites, a type of speleothem that develops from the cave floor, grow upward at around 10-100 µm a year. Paleoenvironmental information such as the Asia-monsoon activity and the vegetation changes on the upper cave surface can be obtained from detailed geochemical analysis of stalagmites along a growth direction. Episodic events like earthquakes are indicated by flaws in the speleothems. Absolute ages of the events can be obtained by U-Th dating and UV-fluorescent annual lamina counting in speleothems. We reviewed possible records remaining in limestone caves during large-scale earthquakes and tsunamis around the world, and discussed the effects of a large scale tsunami on 500-year records of Mg/ Ca, δ 13 C and Sr/Ca ratios of two stalagmites from the Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave Site, near the Shiraho beach, Ishigaki, Okinawa.","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127192424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of short active faults reflected from distributed minor surface breaks found at recent inland large earthquakes including the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake","authors":"S. Toda, D. Ishimura","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous surface cracks appeared with displacements on the gentle slope in a residential area at the western foot of Takano-obane volcano in the western part of Aso caldera, central Kyushu, Japan, due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The surface of the slope is composed of thick loam layer of approximately 10 m in thickness. The ground in the residential area has been arti-ficially modified for cultivated land, an ice-skating rink, and housing in the last three decades. Both horizontal and vertical displacements are recognized along most of the cracks. The former are several to thirty centimeters ; the latter are one meter or less. They are mainly E-W to ENE-WSW in strike, and a remarkable one extends more than 150 m long with northward sinking in the central portion of the area. Cracks with vertical displacements tend to appear in the northward zone of this major crack. The zone almost coincides with the outer periphery of the previous skate rink, so it is highly likely that sliding of embankment mate-rials along the cut slope of the rink occurred at the time of construction of the residential area. Therefore, such cracks might have been formed as settlement or displacement due to earthquake vibration.
{"title":"Surface cracks appeared in a residential area, Minamiaso Village, at the time of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake","authors":"S. Yokota, M. Torii","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.109","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous surface cracks appeared with displacements on the gentle slope in a residential area at the western foot of Takano-obane volcano in the western part of Aso caldera, central Kyushu, Japan, due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The surface of the slope is composed of thick loam layer of approximately 10 m in thickness. The ground in the residential area has been arti-ficially modified for cultivated land, an ice-skating rink, and housing in the last three decades. Both horizontal and vertical displacements are recognized along most of the cracks. The former are several to thirty centimeters ; the latter are one meter or less. They are mainly E-W to ENE-WSW in strike, and a remarkable one extends more than 150 m long with northward sinking in the central portion of the area. Cracks with vertical displacements tend to appear in the northward zone of this major crack. The zone almost coincides with the outer periphery of the previous skate rink, so it is highly likely that sliding of embankment mate-rials along the cut slope of the rink occurred at the time of construction of the residential area. Therefore, such cracks might have been formed as settlement or displacement due to earthquake vibration.","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123194647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nishiyama, M. Torii, S. Yokota, T. Wakatsuki, Y. Inoue, K. Nakao, Kazuhiro Hoshide, M. Okuno
{"title":"Recurrence interval of shallow landslides at the caldera wall slopes of Aso volcano, Central Kyushu, Japan","authors":"K. Nishiyama, M. Torii, S. Yokota, T. Wakatsuki, Y. Inoue, K. Nakao, Kazuhiro Hoshide, M. Okuno","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"2002 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the landslide disasters in Hiroshima City in 2014, I confirmed the necessity to display landform information of the micro-landform or the watershed, and to overlay regional disaster prevention units on the hazard map. Based on this confirmation, four concepts from the view-point of Quaternary research and creating a hazard map for landslide disasters were summarized in the case study area including the volcanic fan of Mount Unzen. The history of landform development with landform processes, such as deposition and erosion within a period of the order of 10 2 years, can be used as a basic material for area classification to landslide disasters. Spatial analysis consisting of interpreting of elevation changes as landform process and over-laying the results from the oldest to the youngest means the construction of landform development. Spatial analysis, reclassifying the geographic information interpreted as a set of landform processes including its type, size, and sequence means the classification of micro-landforms. From the results of landform analysis using DEM on the volcanic slope, it is easy to understand the area safety based on micro-landforms and the area in which to be aware of debris and water movement from watersheds.
{"title":"Area classification of micro-landform and hazard maps relating to landslide disaster","authors":"Takahito Kuroki","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.137","url":null,"abstract":"After the landslide disasters in Hiroshima City in 2014, I confirmed the necessity to display landform information of the micro-landform or the watershed, and to overlay regional disaster prevention units on the hazard map. Based on this confirmation, four concepts from the view-point of Quaternary research and creating a hazard map for landslide disasters were summarized in the case study area including the volcanic fan of Mount Unzen. The history of landform development with landform processes, such as deposition and erosion within a period of the order of 10 2 years, can be used as a basic material for area classification to landslide disasters. Spatial analysis consisting of interpreting of elevation changes as landform process and over-laying the results from the oldest to the youngest means the construction of landform development. Spatial analysis, reclassifying the geographic information interpreted as a set of landform processes including its type, size, and sequence means the classification of micro-landforms. From the results of landform analysis using DEM on the volcanic slope, it is easy to understand the area safety based on micro-landforms and the area in which to be aware of debris and water movement from watersheds.","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128517394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Okuno, Yoshiro Ishihara, S. Toda, Takahito Kuroki, R. Imura, A. Kitamura
Here we briefly introduce 13 papers that exem-plify the role of Quaternary research in disaster prevention and mitigation from multiple approaches ; this is a compilation from the open symposium “Multiple approach to reduce and mitigate disaster from Quaternary studies” held at Fukuoka University on August 27, 2017. These studies cover a variety of topics, from recent natural disasters, to historical and paleo- disasters that were revealed from historical records, and geo-morphological, stratigraphical, and archaeological investigations, in which we demonstrate the significant contributions from Quaternary research to improving hazard assessment.
{"title":"Introduction to the symposium on “Multiple approaches to reducing and mitigating disaster from Quaternary studies”","authors":"M. Okuno, Yoshiro Ishihara, S. Toda, Takahito Kuroki, R. Imura, A. Kitamura","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.85","url":null,"abstract":"Here we briefly introduce 13 papers that exem-plify the role of Quaternary research in disaster prevention and mitigation from multiple approaches ; this is a compilation from the open symposium “Multiple approach to reduce and mitigate disaster from Quaternary studies” held at Fukuoka University on August 27, 2017. These studies cover a variety of topics, from recent natural disasters, to historical and paleo- disasters that were revealed from historical records, and geo-morphological, stratigraphical, and archaeological investigations, in which we demonstrate the significant contributions from Quaternary research to improving hazard assessment.","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127393729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Murakami, R. Hirata, R. Sakamoto, Hikaru Nomiyama, S. Miwa
{"title":"The bands of liquefaction emerged by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake","authors":"S. Murakami, R. Hirata, R. Sakamoto, Hikaru Nomiyama, S. Miwa","doi":"10.4116/JAQUA.58.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4116/JAQUA.58.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106287,"journal":{"name":"The Quaternary Research (daiyonki-kenkyu)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126757756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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