Kiril Zhelev, Maria Mihaylova-Hristov, N. Conev, Manoela Cholakova, Bilyana Korabova, Ivaylo Petrov, Nedyalka Georgieva, Nikolay Nedev, Iglika Mihaylova, M. Petrova, Zahari Zahariev, I. Donev
Introduction Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is well established for oligometastatic disease, and it is increasingly used to treat adrenal metastases. Material and methods In this retrospective study we performed an analysis of 75 metastatic adrenal lesions in 64 patients with oligometastatic disease. According to the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of adrenal metastases, patients were categorized into three groups: low, intermediate, and high SUVmax. Results For all clinicopathological characteristics we found significant relationships for levels of SUVmax and objective response rate (Kendall Tau-c = 0.290; p = 0.017). Patients who responded to SBRT had a significantly lower SUVmax value than those who did not respond (7.6 ±2.4 vs. 9.7 ±3.8; p = 0.015). At the appropriate SUVmax cut-off values, the biomarker distinguished between patients with and without a response significantly and moderately (area under the curve = 0.670, 95% confidence intervals: 0.540–0.790; p = 0.015). Conclusions Lower SUVmax is associated with a better response to SBRT in patients whose disease progressed mainly in the adrenal glands.
{"title":"Lower fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography maximum standardized uptake value may show a better response to stereotactic body radiotherapy of adrenals in oligometastatic disease","authors":"Kiril Zhelev, Maria Mihaylova-Hristov, N. Conev, Manoela Cholakova, Bilyana Korabova, Ivaylo Petrov, Nedyalka Georgieva, Nikolay Nedev, Iglika Mihaylova, M. Petrova, Zahari Zahariev, I. Donev","doi":"10.5114/wo.2023.135288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2023.135288","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is well established for oligometastatic disease, and it is increasingly used to treat adrenal metastases. Material and methods In this retrospective study we performed an analysis of 75 metastatic adrenal lesions in 64 patients with oligometastatic disease. According to the fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of adrenal metastases, patients were categorized into three groups: low, intermediate, and high SUVmax. Results For all clinicopathological characteristics we found significant relationships for levels of SUVmax and objective response rate (Kendall Tau-c = 0.290; p = 0.017). Patients who responded to SBRT had a significantly lower SUVmax value than those who did not respond (7.6 ±2.4 vs. 9.7 ±3.8; p = 0.015). At the appropriate SUVmax cut-off values, the biomarker distinguished between patients with and without a response significantly and moderately (area under the curve = 0.670, 95% confidence intervals: 0.540–0.790; p = 0.015). Conclusions Lower SUVmax is associated with a better response to SBRT in patients whose disease progressed mainly in the adrenal glands.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"40 1","pages":"263 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Yit, C. Ng, F. Wong, Z. Master, Siqin Zhou, Wee Loon Ng
Introduction Left-sided breast-cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) before the 1990s were associated with increased risk of cardiac mortality. Modern RT techniques have since improved, resulting in lower radiation doses to the heart. However, concerns regarding cardiac toxicity remain. In a retrospective cohort study, we compare the ischaemic heart disease (IHD)-related mortality of left-sided versus right-sided breast-cancer patients. We present the results of the cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality risk of Asian breast-cancer survivors treated with RT in Singapore. Material and methods A total of 14,419 Asian women from a single institution were treated for breast cancer from 2000 to 2016. A systematic mortality follow-up was conducted until December 2015. The effect of breast cancer laterality on IHD-related mortality and on overall mortality was investigated. Mean heart doses were recorded for patients from 2010–2016. Results In the irradiated group (n = 9556), we found no difference in IHD-related mortality or overall mortality when comparing the left- and right-sided breast cancers. The hazard ratio of cardiac mortality for left-sided versus right-sided RT was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.64–1.38). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94–1.13). Conclusions Our study of Asian cancer patients did not reveal a significant increase in the risk of IHD-related mortality or overall mortality comparing left- vs. right-sided breast cancers in modern-era RT.
{"title":"Modern-era radiotherapy and ischaemic heart disease-related mortality outcomes in Asian breast-cancer patients","authors":"L. Yit, C. Ng, F. Wong, Z. Master, Siqin Zhou, Wee Loon Ng","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115676","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Left-sided breast-cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) before the 1990s were associated with increased risk of cardiac mortality. Modern RT techniques have since improved, resulting in lower radiation doses to the heart. However, concerns regarding cardiac toxicity remain. In a retrospective cohort study, we compare the ischaemic heart disease (IHD)-related mortality of left-sided versus right-sided breast-cancer patients. We present the results of the cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality risk of Asian breast-cancer survivors treated with RT in Singapore. Material and methods A total of 14,419 Asian women from a single institution were treated for breast cancer from 2000 to 2016. A systematic mortality follow-up was conducted until December 2015. The effect of breast cancer laterality on IHD-related mortality and on overall mortality was investigated. Mean heart doses were recorded for patients from 2010–2016. Results In the irradiated group (n = 9556), we found no difference in IHD-related mortality or overall mortality when comparing the left- and right-sided breast cancers. The hazard ratio of cardiac mortality for left-sided versus right-sided RT was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.64–1.38). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94–1.13). Conclusions Our study of Asian cancer patients did not reveal a significant increase in the risk of IHD-related mortality or overall mortality comparing left- vs. right-sided breast cancers in modern-era RT.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"26 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81745007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Mohamed, M. Elfeky, S. Elshorbagy, Nabila Hefzi, T. Oraby, W. Abdelhady, Mahmoud Sharaf Eldein, Ahmed Embaby, E. Oraby
Introduction Diffuse large B-cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL) is the largest common category of adult lymphoma. Recurrence and treatment resistance occurs in one-third of cases, triggering them to the progressive stage of DLBCL after treatment. Detection of novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers leads to improvement of its treatment and prognosis. Aim of the study To assess the prognostic roles of protein expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and transducin (β)-like receptor 1 (TBLR1) in tissues of DLBCL patients. Material and methods In the current study we included tissues from 100 cases of DLBCL. For immunohistochemistry, tissues were stained with MYD88 and TBLR1. We followed patients for about 3 years, and then we correlated their expression with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. Results Higher MYD88 and TBLR1 expressions were associated with presence of B symptoms, fever, night sweat, advanced stage, bone marrow involvement and bulky nodal size, presence of extra-nodal extension, unfavourable relapse-free survival, and unfavourable overall survival rates (p < 0.001). Conclusions overexpression of MYD88 and TBLR1 expression was present in DLBCL patients and was associated with unfavourable clinicopathological and prognostic parameters.
{"title":"Prognostic values of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and transducin (β)-like receptor 1 (TBLR1) expression in tissues of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients – an immunohistochemical study","authors":"A. H. Mohamed, M. Elfeky, S. Elshorbagy, Nabila Hefzi, T. Oraby, W. Abdelhady, Mahmoud Sharaf Eldein, Ahmed Embaby, E. Oraby","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115675","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Diffuse large B-cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL) is the largest common category of adult lymphoma. Recurrence and treatment resistance occurs in one-third of cases, triggering them to the progressive stage of DLBCL after treatment. Detection of novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers leads to improvement of its treatment and prognosis. Aim of the study To assess the prognostic roles of protein expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) and transducin (β)-like receptor 1 (TBLR1) in tissues of DLBCL patients. Material and methods In the current study we included tissues from 100 cases of DLBCL. For immunohistochemistry, tissues were stained with MYD88 and TBLR1. We followed patients for about 3 years, and then we correlated their expression with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. Results Higher MYD88 and TBLR1 expressions were associated with presence of B symptoms, fever, night sweat, advanced stage, bone marrow involvement and bulky nodal size, presence of extra-nodal extension, unfavourable relapse-free survival, and unfavourable overall survival rates (p < 0.001). Conclusions overexpression of MYD88 and TBLR1 expression was present in DLBCL patients and was associated with unfavourable clinicopathological and prognostic parameters.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":"49 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90443989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heba F. Taha, Lamiaa M Kamel, Ahmed Embaby, L. Abdelaziz.
Introduction Despite the presence of a prognostic risk stratification sco-ring system for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a simple and low-cost test that has been investigated as a prognostic marker to evaluate the clinical course and survival outcomes. Material and methods We prospectively enrolled 92 patients with classical HL (CHL), who were diagnosed and treated in the period from April 2017 to April 2020. Lymphocyte monocyte ratio cut-off values were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results We found that patients with LMR < 1.4 at the time of diagnosis had poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with LMR > 1.4. Patients with increased LMR values after the first 2 cycles of chemotherapy had better PFS and OS; meanwhile, patients who had low LMR after the end of chemotherapy had poorer PFS and OS in comparison to patients who gained higher value after the completion of all cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusions A rise of LMR value indicated better outcome and better survival rate, so it can be an independent prognostic factor for survival and to predict outcome in patients with CHL.
{"title":"Prognostic significance of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma before and after receiving first-line chemotherapy","authors":"Heba F. Taha, Lamiaa M Kamel, Ahmed Embaby, L. Abdelaziz.","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115459","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Despite the presence of a prognostic risk stratification sco-ring system for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a simple and low-cost test that has been investigated as a prognostic marker to evaluate the clinical course and survival outcomes. Material and methods We prospectively enrolled 92 patients with classical HL (CHL), who were diagnosed and treated in the period from April 2017 to April 2020. Lymphocyte monocyte ratio cut-off values were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results We found that patients with LMR < 1.4 at the time of diagnosis had poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with LMR > 1.4. Patients with increased LMR values after the first 2 cycles of chemotherapy had better PFS and OS; meanwhile, patients who had low LMR after the end of chemotherapy had poorer PFS and OS in comparison to patients who gained higher value after the completion of all cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusions A rise of LMR value indicated better outcome and better survival rate, so it can be an independent prognostic factor for survival and to predict outcome in patients with CHL.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"21 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89438560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is the most frequent oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1, 2]. Among EGFR mutations, exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R are two of the most common mutations; hence they are referred to as common mutations [1]. In addition to them, there are many types of EGFR mutation other than common mutations. They are treated as uncommon mutations [3, 4]. Recent advances in analysis technology using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made great progress also in the area of EGFR mutation [5–8]. By this analytic method, it has become clear that there is heterogeneity among patients with common mutations. Among these possible heterogeneities, mutation allele frequency (MAF) has drawn attention [9–13]. MAF is defined as the number of times a mutated base is observed, divided by the total number of times any base is observed at the locus. It corresponds to the percentage of sequencing reads that contain the mutation, and the proportion of alleles is affected by the proportion of tumor cells in the sample and the presence of copy number alterations [9–13]. Here we report a case of a patient with EGFR mutation with very high MAF, who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinases for a long time. An 82-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of EGFR mutated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Her performance status (ECOG) was 0, and clinical stage was stage IVA. She was diagnosed as having EGFR mutated (exon 21 L858R) adenocarcinoma of the lung. Gefitinib was effective for 28 months. Since the adenocarcinoma recurred, afatinib was administered and it responded for 24 months. Due to the gradual progression of dementia during this course of treatment, afatinib treatment was terminated. The content ratio of tumor cells in the tissue sample and MAF were examined using NOIR-SS (DNA Chip Research Inc. Tokyo, Japan) [6]. In brief, DNA was extracted from slices of FFPE tissue block of the patient using a Maxwell RSC DNA FFPE kit (Promega, Madison, USA). 50 ng of DNAs were fragmented by a Covaris Focusedultrasonicator (Woburn, MA, USA) and a molecular barLetter to Editor
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中最常见的致癌驱动因素[1,2]。在EGFR突变中，外显子19缺失和外显子21 L858R是最常见的两种突变;因此它们被称为共同突变[1]。除此之外，除了常见的突变外，还有许多类型的EGFR突变。它们被视为不常见的突变[3,4]。近年来，下一代测序(NGS)分析技术的进步也在EGFR突变领域取得了很大进展[5-8]。通过这种分析方法，可以清楚地看到，具有常见突变的患者之间存在异质性。在这些可能的异质性中，突变等位基因频率(MAF)引起了人们的关注[9-13]。MAF的定义是观察到突变碱基的次数，除以在位点观察到任何碱基的总次数。它对应的是包含突变的测序读数的百分比，而等位基因的比例受样本中肿瘤细胞的比例和拷贝数改变的存在的影响[9-13]。在这里，我们报告一例患者与EGFR突变与非常高的MAF，谁响应EGFR酪氨酸激酶很长一段时间。一位82岁的女性被转介到我们医院治疗EGFR突变的肺腺癌。ECOG评分为0，临床分期为IVA期。她被诊断为EGFR突变(外显子21 L858R)肺腺癌。吉非替尼有效28个月。由于腺癌复发，给予阿法替尼治疗，治疗持续了24个月。由于痴呆在治疗过程中逐渐进展，终止了阿法替尼治疗。采用NOIR-SS (DNA Chip Research Inc.)检测组织样品中肿瘤细胞的含量比和MAF。东京，日本)[6]。简而言之，使用Maxwell RSC DNA FFPE试剂盒(Promega, Madison, USA)从患者的FFPE组织块切片中提取DNA。50 ng的dna通过Covaris focusedultrasound (Woburn, MA, USA)和分子棒进行片段化
{"title":"A long-term responding epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer patient with extremely high mutation allele frequency","authors":"K. Miyazaki, Yoshiharu Sato, H. Satoh, N. Hizawa","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115447","url":null,"abstract":"License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is the most frequent oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1, 2]. Among EGFR mutations, exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R are two of the most common mutations; hence they are referred to as common mutations [1]. In addition to them, there are many types of EGFR mutation other than common mutations. They are treated as uncommon mutations [3, 4]. Recent advances in analysis technology using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made great progress also in the area of EGFR mutation [5–8]. By this analytic method, it has become clear that there is heterogeneity among patients with common mutations. Among these possible heterogeneities, mutation allele frequency (MAF) has drawn attention [9–13]. MAF is defined as the number of times a mutated base is observed, divided by the total number of times any base is observed at the locus. It corresponds to the percentage of sequencing reads that contain the mutation, and the proportion of alleles is affected by the proportion of tumor cells in the sample and the presence of copy number alterations [9–13]. Here we report a case of a patient with EGFR mutation with very high MAF, who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinases for a long time. An 82-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of EGFR mutated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Her performance status (ECOG) was 0, and clinical stage was stage IVA. She was diagnosed as having EGFR mutated (exon 21 L858R) adenocarcinoma of the lung. Gefitinib was effective for 28 months. Since the adenocarcinoma recurred, afatinib was administered and it responded for 24 months. Due to the gradual progression of dementia during this course of treatment, afatinib treatment was terminated. The content ratio of tumor cells in the tissue sample and MAF were examined using NOIR-SS (DNA Chip Research Inc. Tokyo, Japan) [6]. In brief, DNA was extracted from slices of FFPE tissue block of the patient using a Maxwell RSC DNA FFPE kit (Promega, Madison, USA). 50 ng of DNAs were fragmented by a Covaris Focusedultrasonicator (Woburn, MA, USA) and a molecular barLetter to Editor","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"30 1","pages":"88 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83447463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer has been broadly considered a genetic disease involving mutations in nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Mitochondria are essential bioenergetics and biosynthetic machinery found in most eukaryotic organisms. Thus, failure of their function is crucial for tumourigenesis, tumour cell growth, and metastasis. Mitochondrial dysregulation can occur as a consequence of molecular alterations in mtDNA, such as point mutations, deletions, inversions, microsatellite instability (MSI), and copy number variations. This review article aims to highlight the published research work on alterations in mtDNA, with a particular focus on mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI) in various types of solid cancers. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for articles about mtMSI and its link to solid cancer published from 1990 till 2021. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge related to possible molecular mechanisms causing mtMSI formation and the available information on mtMSI frequency values in all main solid cancer types. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are widely believed to have a broad impact across various cancers. Based on the available published data, mtMSI can act as a vital risk factor and a potential marker for cancer progression. Further research is required to unravel the role of mtMSI in tumourigenesis.
{"title":"Research highlights on contributions of mitochondrial DNA microsatellite instability in solid cancers – an overview","authors":"A. Yusoff, S. Radzak, S. N. M. Khair","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115674","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has been broadly considered a genetic disease involving mutations in nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Mitochondria are essential bioenergetics and biosynthetic machinery found in most eukaryotic organisms. Thus, failure of their function is crucial for tumourigenesis, tumour cell growth, and metastasis. Mitochondrial dysregulation can occur as a consequence of molecular alterations in mtDNA, such as point mutations, deletions, inversions, microsatellite instability (MSI), and copy number variations. This review article aims to highlight the published research work on alterations in mtDNA, with a particular focus on mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI) in various types of solid cancers. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for articles about mtMSI and its link to solid cancer published from 1990 till 2021. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge related to possible molecular mechanisms causing mtMSI formation and the available information on mtMSI frequency values in all main solid cancer types. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are widely believed to have a broad impact across various cancers. Based on the available published data, mtMSI can act as a vital risk factor and a potential marker for cancer progression. Further research is required to unravel the role of mtMSI in tumourigenesis.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"64 1","pages":"8 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80197720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Abdelaziz., H. Ebian, O. Harb, Yousef Nosery, Heba F. Taha, Nashwa Nawar
Introduction Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is highly expressed in epithelial tumours such as breast cancer (BC). Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), a transcription factor of the POU (Pit-Oct-UNC) family, plays a criti-cal role in the self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells; therefore, it has been used as a promising CSC marker. Material and methods CK19 was assessed in peripheral blood using flow-cytometric analysis while OCT4 was evaluated in breast tissue samples by immunohistochemistry from 70 patients (non-metastatic BC, meta-static BC, and non-malignant breast tumours). Results CK19 and OCT4 were significantly associated with BC patients compared to control (p < 0.001). CK19 was detected in 38 patients with BC (62.2%); meanwhile, OCT4 was positive in 37 BC patients (60.6%). CK19 was positively associated with grade (p = 0.002), HER2 (p = 0.009), metastasis (p = 0.026), molecular subtypes and LN (p < 0.001), and stage (p = 0.001) while OCT4 expression was positively associated with BMI (p < 0.023), aggressive molecular subtype (p < 0.019), ER expression (p = 0.025), presence of LN metastases (p < 0.017), and distant metastasis (p < 0.018). A non-significant relation was found between the expression of CK19 and OCT (p = 0.291). The positive expression of CK19 and OCT4 was significantly and inversely associated with both 3-year OS and 3-year PFS. Conclusions CK19 and OCT4 are associated with BC, so they can be considered as prognostic and predictive markers for poor OS and PFS in non-metastatic as well as metastatic BC patients.
{"title":"Clinical significance of cytokeratin 19 and OCT4 as survival markers in non-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer patients","authors":"L. Abdelaziz., H. Ebian, O. Harb, Yousef Nosery, Heba F. Taha, Nashwa Nawar","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115678","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is highly expressed in epithelial tumours such as breast cancer (BC). Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), a transcription factor of the POU (Pit-Oct-UNC) family, plays a criti-cal role in the self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells; therefore, it has been used as a promising CSC marker. Material and methods CK19 was assessed in peripheral blood using flow-cytometric analysis while OCT4 was evaluated in breast tissue samples by immunohistochemistry from 70 patients (non-metastatic BC, meta-static BC, and non-malignant breast tumours). Results CK19 and OCT4 were significantly associated with BC patients compared to control (p < 0.001). CK19 was detected in 38 patients with BC (62.2%); meanwhile, OCT4 was positive in 37 BC patients (60.6%). CK19 was positively associated with grade (p = 0.002), HER2 (p = 0.009), metastasis (p = 0.026), molecular subtypes and LN (p < 0.001), and stage (p = 0.001) while OCT4 expression was positively associated with BMI (p < 0.023), aggressive molecular subtype (p < 0.019), ER expression (p = 0.025), presence of LN metastases (p < 0.017), and distant metastasis (p < 0.018). A non-significant relation was found between the expression of CK19 and OCT (p = 0.291). The positive expression of CK19 and OCT4 was significantly and inversely associated with both 3-year OS and 3-year PFS. Conclusions CK19 and OCT4 are associated with BC, so they can be considered as prognostic and predictive markers for poor OS and PFS in non-metastatic as well as metastatic BC patients.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"94 1","pages":"78 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78133502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction To compare and analyse satisfaction and costs of telehealth services for patients receiving allied health services at a quaternary oncology hospital. Material and methods Cross-sectional design survey distributed to patients who had received outpatient allied health (psych-oncology, dietetics, speech pathology) telehealth services from March November 2020. Responses regarding satisfaction and barriers relating to telehealth were examined, and costs calculated. Results A total of 156 surveys were distributed, 124 were completed and included in the analysis. The majority of respondents (56%) were female patients, with a median age of 57 years. Survey results revealed that 89% of respondents would access allied health consultations using telehealth again, of whom 14.5% indicated that they preferred telehealth to a face-to-face appointment. Common barriers to service delivery were internet connection, inability to perform physical examination via telehealth, and patient unfamiliarity with technology. Levels of satisfaction were high, with 92.7% of respondents either satisfied or very satisfied with the allied health telehealth service offered. Only 1.5% of the participants were dissatisfied on account of unfamiliarity with the technology and preference for face-to-face contact with their clinician. To attend a face-to-face allied health consultation 90% of respondents would have to drive to the hospital, with cost of petrol and parking per trip calculated to be an average of $ 51.25. Conclusions Allied health service delivered via telehealth was met with high rates of satisfaction and resulted in lower patient costs.
{"title":"Patient satisfaction and cost analysis of telehealth delivered by allied health oncology clinicians","authors":"E. Charters, Maite Khom, J. Baker, T. Lindsay","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.115047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.115047","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction To compare and analyse satisfaction and costs of telehealth services for patients receiving allied health services at a quaternary oncology hospital. Material and methods Cross-sectional design survey distributed to patients who had received outpatient allied health (psych-oncology, dietetics, speech pathology) telehealth services from March November 2020. Responses regarding satisfaction and barriers relating to telehealth were examined, and costs calculated. Results A total of 156 surveys were distributed, 124 were completed and included in the analysis. The majority of respondents (56%) were female patients, with a median age of 57 years. Survey results revealed that 89% of respondents would access allied health consultations using telehealth again, of whom 14.5% indicated that they preferred telehealth to a face-to-face appointment. Common barriers to service delivery were internet connection, inability to perform physical examination via telehealth, and patient unfamiliarity with technology. Levels of satisfaction were high, with 92.7% of respondents either satisfied or very satisfied with the allied health telehealth service offered. Only 1.5% of the participants were dissatisfied on account of unfamiliarity with the technology and preference for face-to-face contact with their clinician. To attend a face-to-face allied health consultation 90% of respondents would have to drive to the hospital, with cost of petrol and parking per trip calculated to be an average of $ 51.25. Conclusions Allied health service delivered via telehealth was met with high rates of satisfaction and resulted in lower patient costs.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"63 1","pages":"44 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88872724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Targeting angiogenesis in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) using bevacizumab is a standard of care. The addition of this targeted biological agent to first-line infusional fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy was associated with superior overall survival (OS) in several randomized and controlled studies for CRC patients in the metastatic setting. However, access to this therapy in countries with limited resources is challenging. In Morocco, bevacizumab was introduced for this indication after considerable efforts of the Ministry of Health and Lalla Salma Foundation to support cancer patients with a limited income. In this report, the real-world efficacy and safety of the combination of bevacizumab with chemotherapy in mCRC are reported based on a retrospective cohort in Eastern Morocco. Material and methods The archives of the medical records of 98 mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab at the Hassan II Regional Cancer Center (Oujda, Morocco) were sampled from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimation, and a multivariable Cox regression model for a time-to-event study. Results The toxicity profile was dominated by grade I–II proteinuria (10%), bleeding events (10%), thromboembolic events (9%), grade I–III hypertension (3%), and other rare events such as delayed healing of the stoma, scar dehiscence, intestinal perforation, and heart failure deterioration. In terms of survival, median OS and progression-free survival in the whole cohort were 22 and 13 months respectively. Patients who benefited from a metastasectomy after bevacizumab treatment had 31 months of median OS as compared to 14 months in the matched cohort with non-resectable liver metastasis. Notably, we demonstrated that tumor sidedness is a predictive factor of OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.434–4.191, p = 0.001]. Moreover, the median OS for patients who received between 10 and 20 or more than 20 bevacizumab administrations was 24 and 33 months respectively as compared to those who received less than 10 cures (17 months) (log rank p < 0.0001). These markedly improved outcomes were also confirmed in multivariate Cox regression. A highly significant association of bevacizumab use and OS was found after adjusting for covariates (HR = 0.518, 95% CI: 0.374–0.717; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The current study confirmed the important place of this therapeutic strategy in mCRC. Additional studies with prospective enrollment are awaited to validate these findings.
{"title":"Bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer in a real-life setting – toxicity profile, survival outcomes, and impact of tumor sidedness","authors":"H. Chibani, K. El Bairi, O. Al Jarroudi, S. Afqir","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.114678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.114678","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Targeting angiogenesis in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) using bevacizumab is a standard of care. The addition of this targeted biological agent to first-line infusional fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy was associated with superior overall survival (OS) in several randomized and controlled studies for CRC patients in the metastatic setting. However, access to this therapy in countries with limited resources is challenging. In Morocco, bevacizumab was introduced for this indication after considerable efforts of the Ministry of Health and Lalla Salma Foundation to support cancer patients with a limited income. In this report, the real-world efficacy and safety of the combination of bevacizumab with chemotherapy in mCRC are reported based on a retrospective cohort in Eastern Morocco. Material and methods The archives of the medical records of 98 mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab at the Hassan II Regional Cancer Center (Oujda, Morocco) were sampled from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimation, and a multivariable Cox regression model for a time-to-event study. Results The toxicity profile was dominated by grade I–II proteinuria (10%), bleeding events (10%), thromboembolic events (9%), grade I–III hypertension (3%), and other rare events such as delayed healing of the stoma, scar dehiscence, intestinal perforation, and heart failure deterioration. In terms of survival, median OS and progression-free survival in the whole cohort were 22 and 13 months respectively. Patients who benefited from a metastasectomy after bevacizumab treatment had 31 months of median OS as compared to 14 months in the matched cohort with non-resectable liver metastasis. Notably, we demonstrated that tumor sidedness is a predictive factor of OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.434–4.191, p = 0.001]. Moreover, the median OS for patients who received between 10 and 20 or more than 20 bevacizumab administrations was 24 and 33 months respectively as compared to those who received less than 10 cures (17 months) (log rank p < 0.0001). These markedly improved outcomes were also confirmed in multivariate Cox regression. A highly significant association of bevacizumab use and OS was found after adjusting for covariates (HR = 0.518, 95% CI: 0.374–0.717; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The current study confirmed the important place of this therapeutic strategy in mCRC. Additional studies with prospective enrollment are awaited to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"412 1","pages":"32 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84884380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a term used for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, has been suggested to be closely related to high risk of developing colorectal or gastric cancer [1]. Focusing on patient cases and studies, this study aims to identify the cause of a possible correlation between IBD and cancerous cells, and determine the influence of IBD on cancerous cells in patients. A gut microbiome analysis was utilized to understand the mechanisms of the disease and to find associations with it in patients. I analyzed the experimental data obtained through amplicon sequencing to target regions of interest, and determined genes associated with the correlation by using coding programs. Biological processes, which are regulated by many means including the control of gene expression, were shown to be increased in patients with IBD compared to healthy subjects. Two datasets were used, with one going over an amplicon sequence analysis of fecal samples from healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. I performed gut metagenome analysis on the data of the patients’ fecal samples. This along with taxonomy analysis allows me to see percentages of certain bacterium in the gut and find a link. I was able to determine that the patients with IBD had a higher percentage of dark matter and a higher guanine to cytosine content (GC-content) percentage. This huge difference in the amount of dark matter and GC-content in an individual’s human gut metagenome could be an indicator of someone potentially developing a disease.
{"title":"Gut microbiome as a potential biomarker of cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Ryan Jones","doi":"10.5114/wo.2022.114537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2022.114537","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a term used for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, has been suggested to be closely related to high risk of developing colorectal or gastric cancer [1]. Focusing on patient cases and studies, this study aims to identify the cause of a possible correlation between IBD and cancerous cells, and determine the influence of IBD on cancerous cells in patients. A gut microbiome analysis was utilized to understand the mechanisms of the disease and to find associations with it in patients. I analyzed the experimental data obtained through amplicon sequencing to target regions of interest, and determined genes associated with the correlation by using coding programs. Biological processes, which are regulated by many means including the control of gene expression, were shown to be increased in patients with IBD compared to healthy subjects. Two datasets were used, with one going over an amplicon sequence analysis of fecal samples from healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. I performed gut metagenome analysis on the data of the patients’ fecal samples. This along with taxonomy analysis allows me to see percentages of certain bacterium in the gut and find a link. I was able to determine that the patients with IBD had a higher percentage of dark matter and a higher guanine to cytosine content (GC-content) percentage. This huge difference in the amount of dark matter and GC-content in an individual’s human gut metagenome could be an indicator of someone potentially developing a disease.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"100 1","pages":"40 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85800939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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