Aim of the study The paper presents the results of examining the level of acceptance of the illness in cancer patients using the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Material and methods The study involved cancer patients treated at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry the Interior in Warsaw in 2014. The questionnaire comprised basic demographic questions (socio-economic factors) and the AIS test estimating the level of illness acceptance in patients. Results For the group of patients in the research group, the arithmetic mean amounted to 27.56 points. The period of time that elapsed between the first cancer diagnosis and the start of the study did not influence the score of accepting illness. The acceptance of illness in patients diagnosed with metastases differed from the acceptance of illness by patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer. Females obtained the average of 29.59 in the AIS test, whereas the average in male patients was 26.17. The patients’ age did not impact the AIS test. There were no differences in the AIS test results between a group of people with secondary education and a group of people with higher education. There were no differences in the AIS test results between employed individuals versus pensioners. The inhabitants of cities were characterized by the highest degree of acceptance of their health condition. The lowest degree of acceptance of illness was observed in the group with the lowest average incomes. In the group of married individuals the average degree of acceptance of illness amounted to 27.37 points. The average degree of acceptance of illness in patients that declared themselves as single amounted to 25.75. Conclusions The average degree of acceptance of illness in the study group was 27.56 points, which is a relatively high level of acceptance of cancer. The main socio-economic factor, which influenced the AIS test results was whether metastases were diagnosed or not. There were no differences between patients in groups where the time that elapsed from the first diagnosis of cancer varied. There were no statistical differences between female and male patients as well as patients of different age. Additionally, the level of education and patients’ professional status did not impact in the AIS test results.
{"title":"The assessment of the impact of socio-economic factors in accepting cancer using the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS)","authors":"A. Czerw, M. Bilińska, A. Deptała","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54901","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The paper presents the results of examining the level of acceptance of the illness in cancer patients using the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS). Material and methods The study involved cancer patients treated at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry the Interior in Warsaw in 2014. The questionnaire comprised basic demographic questions (socio-economic factors) and the AIS test estimating the level of illness acceptance in patients. Results For the group of patients in the research group, the arithmetic mean amounted to 27.56 points. The period of time that elapsed between the first cancer diagnosis and the start of the study did not influence the score of accepting illness. The acceptance of illness in patients diagnosed with metastases differed from the acceptance of illness by patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer. Females obtained the average of 29.59 in the AIS test, whereas the average in male patients was 26.17. The patients’ age did not impact the AIS test. There were no differences in the AIS test results between a group of people with secondary education and a group of people with higher education. There were no differences in the AIS test results between employed individuals versus pensioners. The inhabitants of cities were characterized by the highest degree of acceptance of their health condition. The lowest degree of acceptance of illness was observed in the group with the lowest average incomes. In the group of married individuals the average degree of acceptance of illness amounted to 27.37 points. The average degree of acceptance of illness in patients that declared themselves as single amounted to 25.75. Conclusions The average degree of acceptance of illness in the study group was 27.56 points, which is a relatively high level of acceptance of cancer. The main socio-economic factor, which influenced the AIS test results was whether metastases were diagnosed or not. There were no differences between patients in groups where the time that elapsed from the first diagnosis of cancer varied. There were no statistical differences between female and male patients as well as patients of different age. Additionally, the level of education and patients’ professional status did not impact in the AIS test results.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"53 1","pages":"261 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of the study The objective of the study was to evaluate mental adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with an oncologic disease through identification of the coping strategies they had adopted. Material and methods Seventy-four patients of the Clinic of Oncology and Haematology at the Central Clinical Hospital (CSK) of the Ministry of Interior (MSW) in Warsaw were included in the study. The degree of adaptation to cancer was evaluated with the use of the mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer (mini-MAC) scale. The individual subscales, i.e. fighting spirit, positive redefinition, helplessness-hopelessness, and anxious preoccupation, were collated with socio-demographic characteristics. Results Study findings indicate that: 1) tumour patients typically manifest behaviour that allows one to identify their adjustment to cancer; 2) in malignant tumour patients constructive behaviour prevails over destructive behaviour; 3) the helplessness-hopelessness response is more pronounced in men than women; 4) metastatic patients manifest stronger helplessness-hopelessness response than patients with locally limited tumours; 5) pensioners more often than people of working age adopt the helplessness-hopelessness strategy; and 6) patients with the shortest disease period manifest the strongest fighting spirit. Conclusions Cancer patients employ various strategies of coping with disease depending on socio-demographic factors.
{"title":"Use of the mini-MAC scale in the evaluation of mental adjustment to cancer","authors":"A. Czerw, E. Marek, A. Deptała","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54900","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The objective of the study was to evaluate mental adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with an oncologic disease through identification of the coping strategies they had adopted. Material and methods Seventy-four patients of the Clinic of Oncology and Haematology at the Central Clinical Hospital (CSK) of the Ministry of Interior (MSW) in Warsaw were included in the study. The degree of adaptation to cancer was evaluated with the use of the mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer (mini-MAC) scale. The individual subscales, i.e. fighting spirit, positive redefinition, helplessness-hopelessness, and anxious preoccupation, were collated with socio-demographic characteristics. Results Study findings indicate that: 1) tumour patients typically manifest behaviour that allows one to identify their adjustment to cancer; 2) in malignant tumour patients constructive behaviour prevails over destructive behaviour; 3) the helplessness-hopelessness response is more pronounced in men than women; 4) metastatic patients manifest stronger helplessness-hopelessness response than patients with locally limited tumours; 5) pensioners more often than people of working age adopt the helplessness-hopelessness strategy; and 6) patients with the shortest disease period manifest the strongest fighting spirit. Conclusions Cancer patients employ various strategies of coping with disease depending on socio-demographic factors.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":"414 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88020178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Dobroś, Justyna Hajto-Bryk, M. Wróblewska, J. Zarzecka
Overall improvement in the nationwide system of medical services has consequently boosted the number of successfully treated patients who suffer from head and neck cancer. It is essential to effectively prevent development of radiation-induced caries as the late effect of radiation therapy. Incidence and severity of radiationinduced changes within the teeth individually vary depending on the patient's age, actual radiation dose, size of radiation exposure field, patient's general condition and additional risk factors. Inadequately managed treatment of caries may lead to loss of teeth, as well as prove instrumental in tangibly diminishing individual quality of life in patients. Furthermore, the need to have the teeth deemed unyielding or unsuitable for the application of conservative methods of treatment duly extracted is fraught for a patient with an extra hazard of developing osteoradionecrosis (ORN), while also increasing all attendant therapeutic expenditures. The present paper aims to offer some practical insights into currently available methods of preventing likely development of radiation-induced caries.
{"title":"Radiation-induced caries as the late effect of radiation therapy in the head and neck region","authors":"Katarzyna Dobroś, Justyna Hajto-Bryk, M. Wróblewska, J. Zarzecka","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54081","url":null,"abstract":"Overall improvement in the nationwide system of medical services has consequently boosted the number of successfully treated patients who suffer from head and neck cancer. It is essential to effectively prevent development of radiation-induced caries as the late effect of radiation therapy. Incidence and severity of radiationinduced changes within the teeth individually vary depending on the patient's age, actual radiation dose, size of radiation exposure field, patient's general condition and additional risk factors. Inadequately managed treatment of caries may lead to loss of teeth, as well as prove instrumental in tangibly diminishing individual quality of life in patients. Furthermore, the need to have the teeth deemed unyielding or unsuitable for the application of conservative methods of treatment duly extracted is fraught for a patient with an extra hazard of developing osteoradionecrosis (ORN), while also increasing all attendant therapeutic expenditures. The present paper aims to offer some practical insights into currently available methods of preventing likely development of radiation-induced caries.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"12 1","pages":"287 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75267312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main issue Neuroendocrine tumours can be associated with genetic syndromes [1] and this fact should influence the medical procedures. In my work as a physician I met several patients with cancer in familiar history (e.g. colon cancer in the mother and grandmother) and despite the recommendations they avoid screening for the disease. In this year I was dealing with an adult male patient suffering because of a neuroendocrine tumour affecting duodenum with metastases to the liver. In 2013 due to the diagnosis of low-energy fractures, the hyperparathyroidism had been diagnosed in this man. The patient on account of the well-being neglected treatment and doctor visits. Since the origin of 2015 year he began to feel worse. He felt weakness and complained a loss of body weight despite the steady food supply. Above introduction concerning the patient from my practice prompted me to reflect on the relationship of individual components of familial syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours. Although the primary hyper-parathyroidism usually originates from benign adenoma without any relationship to syndromes associated with endocrine tumours, in some cases it can develop from the existing multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2a (MEN 1 and MEN 2a respectively) as well as be the result of hereditary hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome [1, 2]. There are also authors (e.g. Thakker, 2014) using names MEN2 for MEN2A, MEN3 for MEN2B and distinguish the type MEN4 for some form classified until recently to MEN1, but with a different genetic mutation. Abnormalities of CD-KN1B gene which in man is located on chromosome 12p13 are considered to be the cause of MEN4. Parathyroid ad-enoma, pituitary adenoma, reproduction organ tumours (e.g. testicular cancer, neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma), adrenal and renal tumours are classified as components of MEN4 syndrome [3]. There are no reports of any others familiar syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours and primary hyperparathyroidism. From written previously syndromes causing primary hyperparathyroid-ism MEN1 is the most frequent and the best known. Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually the first in medical history and the most common endocrynopathies in MEN1 [2]. Although incidence of MEN1 in patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism is estimated in range of 2–4%, the hyperparathyroidism reaches nearly 100% penetrance by the age of 50 years in MEN1 patients [2]. The others syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours carry even lower probability of primary hyper-parathyroidism e.g. in MEN2/MEN2a it is rarer. It occurs in 20–30% of patients, is also later …
{"title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia and primary hyperparathyroidism – practical approach","authors":"Jarosław Koza","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54392","url":null,"abstract":"The main issue Neuroendocrine tumours can be associated with genetic syndromes [1] and this fact should influence the medical procedures. In my work as a physician I met several patients with cancer in familiar history (e.g. colon cancer in the mother and grandmother) and despite the recommendations they avoid screening for the disease. In this year I was dealing with an adult male patient suffering because of a neuroendocrine tumour affecting duodenum with metastases to the liver. In 2013 due to the diagnosis of low-energy fractures, the hyperparathyroidism had been diagnosed in this man. The patient on account of the well-being neglected treatment and doctor visits. Since the origin of 2015 year he began to feel worse. He felt weakness and complained a loss of body weight despite the steady food supply. Above introduction concerning the patient from my practice prompted me to reflect on the relationship of individual components of familial syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours. Although the primary hyper-parathyroidism usually originates from benign adenoma without any relationship to syndromes associated with endocrine tumours, in some cases it can develop from the existing multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2a (MEN 1 and MEN 2a respectively) as well as be the result of hereditary hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome [1, 2]. There are also authors (e.g. Thakker, 2014) using names MEN2 for MEN2A, MEN3 for MEN2B and distinguish the type MEN4 for some form classified until recently to MEN1, but with a different genetic mutation. Abnormalities of CD-KN1B gene which in man is located on chromosome 12p13 are considered to be the cause of MEN4. Parathyroid ad-enoma, pituitary adenoma, reproduction organ tumours (e.g. testicular cancer, neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma), adrenal and renal tumours are classified as components of MEN4 syndrome [3]. There are no reports of any others familiar syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours and primary hyperparathyroidism. From written previously syndromes causing primary hyperparathyroid-ism MEN1 is the most frequent and the best known. Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually the first in medical history and the most common endocrynopathies in MEN1 [2]. Although incidence of MEN1 in patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism is estimated in range of 2–4%, the hyperparathyroidism reaches nearly 100% penetrance by the age of 50 years in MEN1 patients [2]. The others syndromes associated with neuroendocrine tumours carry even lower probability of primary hyper-parathyroidism e.g. in MEN2/MEN2a it is rarer. It occurs in 20–30% of patients, is also later …","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"343 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90539824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brzozowa, M. Michalski, G. Wyrobiec, A. Piecuch, Anna Dittfeld, M. Harabin-Słowińska, D. Boroń, R. Wojnicz
Snail1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor, which plays a role in colorectal cancer development by silencing E-cadherin expression and inducing epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT tumour cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype that is responsible for their invasive activities. Consequently, Snail1 expression in colorectal cancer is usually associated with progression and metastasis. Some studies revealed that about 77% of colon cancer samples display Snail1 immunoreactivity both in activated fibroblasts and in carcinoma cells that have undergone EMT. Therefore, expression of this factor in the stroma may indicate how many cells possess the abilities to escape from the primary tumour mass, invade the basal lamina and colonise distant target organs. Blocking snail proteins activity has the potential to avert cancer cell metastasis by interfering with such cellular processes as remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, migration and invasion, which are clearly associated with the aggressive phenotype of the disease. Moreover, the link between factors from the snail family and cancer stem cells suggests that inhibitory agents may also prove their potency as inhibitors of cancer recurrence.
{"title":"The role of Snail1 transcription factor in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis","authors":"M. Brzozowa, M. Michalski, G. Wyrobiec, A. Piecuch, Anna Dittfeld, M. Harabin-Słowińska, D. Boroń, R. Wojnicz","doi":"10.5114/wo.2014.42173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2014.42173","url":null,"abstract":"Snail1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor, which plays a role in colorectal cancer development by silencing E-cadherin expression and inducing epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT tumour cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype that is responsible for their invasive activities. Consequently, Snail1 expression in colorectal cancer is usually associated with progression and metastasis. Some studies revealed that about 77% of colon cancer samples display Snail1 immunoreactivity both in activated fibroblasts and in carcinoma cells that have undergone EMT. Therefore, expression of this factor in the stroma may indicate how many cells possess the abilities to escape from the primary tumour mass, invade the basal lamina and colonise distant target organs. Blocking snail proteins activity has the potential to avert cancer cell metastasis by interfering with such cellular processes as remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, migration and invasion, which are clearly associated with the aggressive phenotype of the disease. Moreover, the link between factors from the snail family and cancer stem cells suggests that inhibitory agents may also prove their potency as inhibitors of cancer recurrence.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"37 1","pages":"265 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84483133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nowikiewicz, M. Wiśniewska, Michał Wiśniewski, M. Biedka, I. Głowacka, D. Kozak, R. Laskowski, W. Zegarski
Aim of the study Malignant breast tumours are the largest oncological problem in the developed world. In the recent years the number of new diagnoses has exceeded 16,500 per year. Published data regarding far-distant results of breast cancer treatment that take under consideration the provincial division of the country may not be representative of the therapeutic effects achieved in specific oncological centres. The goal of this article is to analyse far-distant therapeutic results in breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz in 2006. They were compared with data available for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship and with all-Poland results. Material and methods A cohort of 667 breast cancer patients at Bydgoszcz Oncology Centre between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2006 was studied. The majority of the studied group were patients in stage I (26.2%) and II (48.3%) according to the TNM staging system, 17.5% were in stage III, and 6.4% in stage IV. The 5-year survival and 5-year disease-free survival rates were calculated. Median observation time was 79 months. Results A total of 148 patients (22.2%) suffered a relapse. There were 168 (25.2%) deaths caused by primary disease. The 5-year survival probability was 0.761 ±0.017 and the five-year disease-free survival probability was 0.807 ±0.016. Median survival time was 76.4 months, and median disease-free survival was 19.4 months. Conclusions The five-year survival probability for breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at Bydgoszcz Oncology Centre was higher than all-Poland median five-year survival probability. The observation needs to be continued and should include the assessment of treatment in subsequent time periods.
{"title":"Overall survival and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz – analysis of more than six years of follow-up","authors":"T. Nowikiewicz, M. Wiśniewska, Michał Wiśniewski, M. Biedka, I. Głowacka, D. Kozak, R. Laskowski, W. Zegarski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54387","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Malignant breast tumours are the largest oncological problem in the developed world. In the recent years the number of new diagnoses has exceeded 16,500 per year. Published data regarding far-distant results of breast cancer treatment that take under consideration the provincial division of the country may not be representative of the therapeutic effects achieved in specific oncological centres. The goal of this article is to analyse far-distant therapeutic results in breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Centre in Bydgoszcz in 2006. They were compared with data available for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship and with all-Poland results. Material and methods A cohort of 667 breast cancer patients at Bydgoszcz Oncology Centre between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2006 was studied. The majority of the studied group were patients in stage I (26.2%) and II (48.3%) according to the TNM staging system, 17.5% were in stage III, and 6.4% in stage IV. The 5-year survival and 5-year disease-free survival rates were calculated. Median observation time was 79 months. Results A total of 148 patients (22.2%) suffered a relapse. There were 168 (25.2%) deaths caused by primary disease. The 5-year survival probability was 0.761 ±0.017 and the five-year disease-free survival probability was 0.807 ±0.016. Median survival time was 76.4 months, and median disease-free survival was 19.4 months. Conclusions The five-year survival probability for breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at Bydgoszcz Oncology Centre was higher than all-Poland median five-year survival probability. The observation needs to be continued and should include the assessment of treatment in subsequent time periods.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"21 1","pages":"284 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82554370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuqiang Chen, X. Ji, Xiao Zhou, Q. Shi, Huanming Yu, Heng-Qin Fu, G. Ji
Aim of the study This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel combined with cisplatin (DP) and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin (GP) in postoperative chemotherapy after surgery of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods A total of 92 patients diagnosed with NSCLC after surgery were enrolled, and they were treated with DP (DP group) and GP (GP group). The efficacy and toxicity of the medications were then compared. Results Approximately 92.4% (85 out of 92) of the patients received chemotherapy for more than three weeks. In the DP and GP groups, the incidence rates of grade III–IV thrombocytopenia were 24.4% and 6.38%, respectively, whereas the incidence rates of alopecia were 88.9% and 25.5%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Disease-free survival rates in DP group in one and two years were 76.5% and 50.47%, respectively, whereas in the GP group they were 77.8% and 49.52%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions These results showed similar disease-free survival rates of DP and GP therapies in one and two years after surgery for NSCLC. However, the DP group exhibited higher incidence rates of grade III–IV thrombocytopenia and alopecia than the GP group. Therefore, we should select a specific treatment for each patient according to individual differences.
{"title":"Clinical observation of docetaxel or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the chemotherapy after surgery for stage II–III non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Qiuqiang Chen, X. Ji, Xiao Zhou, Q. Shi, Huanming Yu, Heng-Qin Fu, G. Ji","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.53373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.53373","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel combined with cisplatin (DP) and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin (GP) in postoperative chemotherapy after surgery of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods A total of 92 patients diagnosed with NSCLC after surgery were enrolled, and they were treated with DP (DP group) and GP (GP group). The efficacy and toxicity of the medications were then compared. Results Approximately 92.4% (85 out of 92) of the patients received chemotherapy for more than three weeks. In the DP and GP groups, the incidence rates of grade III–IV thrombocytopenia were 24.4% and 6.38%, respectively, whereas the incidence rates of alopecia were 88.9% and 25.5%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Disease-free survival rates in DP group in one and two years were 76.5% and 50.47%, respectively, whereas in the GP group they were 77.8% and 49.52%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions These results showed similar disease-free survival rates of DP and GP therapies in one and two years after surgery for NSCLC. However, the DP group exhibited higher incidence rates of grade III–IV thrombocytopenia and alopecia than the GP group. Therefore, we should select a specific treatment for each patient according to individual differences.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"323 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74591229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to tumour development. The most common changes reported in in the CDKN2A gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and 500C>G and 540C>T in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on cancer progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of melanoma has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. Material and methods First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 melanoma patients was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of melanoma. Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. Results Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and cancer in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and breast cancer and melanoma in the same patient. There was no correlation between 500C>G polymorphism and tumour localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of cancer in patients’ family, but a correlation between the percentage of patients dying and the 500C>G variant was observed. Conclusion The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the CDKN2A gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.
{"title":"Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of CDKN2A gene in melanoma patients","authors":"A. Przybyla, K. Lamperska, A. Mackiewicz","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54227","url":null,"abstract":"Background The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to tumour development. The most common changes reported in in the CDKN2A gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and 500C>G and 540C>T in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on cancer progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of melanoma has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. Material and methods First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 melanoma patients was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of melanoma. Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. Results Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and cancer in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and breast cancer and melanoma in the same patient. There was no correlation between 500C>G polymorphism and tumour localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of cancer in patients’ family, but a correlation between the percentage of patients dying and the 500C>G variant was observed. Conclusion The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the CDKN2A gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":"276 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82459595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wierzbicka, K. Szyfter, P. Milecki, K. Składowski, R. Ramlau
The treatment paradigms for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are changing due to the emergence of human papillomavirus-associated tumors (HPV-related), possessing distinct molecular profiles and responses to therapy. Retrospective studies have suggested that HPV-related HNSCCs are more frequently cured than those caused by tobacco. Current clinical trials focus on the reduction of treatment-related toxicity and the development of HPV-targeted therapies. New treatment strategies include: 1) dose reduction of radiotherapy, 2) the use of cetuximab instead of cisplatin for chemo-radiation 3) less invasive surgical options, i.e. trans-oral robotic surgery and trans-oral laser microlaryngoscopy, and 4) more specific treatment attempts, including immunotherapeutic strategies, thanks to increasing comprehension of the molecular background of HPV-related HNSCC. Whereas recently published data shed light on immune mechanisms, other studies have focused on specific vaccination against HPV-related HNSCC. A crucial problem is patient selection to the chosen bias. Truly HPV-related cancers (p16-positive and HPV DNA-positive) with biomarkers for good response to therapy could be included in randomized trials aiming for less severe and better tailored therapy.
{"title":"The rationale for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer de-escalation treatment strategies","authors":"M. Wierzbicka, K. Szyfter, P. Milecki, K. Składowski, R. Ramlau","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54389","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment paradigms for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are changing due to the emergence of human papillomavirus-associated tumors (HPV-related), possessing distinct molecular profiles and responses to therapy. Retrospective studies have suggested that HPV-related HNSCCs are more frequently cured than those caused by tobacco. Current clinical trials focus on the reduction of treatment-related toxicity and the development of HPV-targeted therapies. New treatment strategies include: 1) dose reduction of radiotherapy, 2) the use of cetuximab instead of cisplatin for chemo-radiation 3) less invasive surgical options, i.e. trans-oral robotic surgery and trans-oral laser microlaryngoscopy, and 4) more specific treatment attempts, including immunotherapeutic strategies, thanks to increasing comprehension of the molecular background of HPV-related HNSCC. Whereas recently published data shed light on immune mechanisms, other studies have focused on specific vaccination against HPV-related HNSCC. A crucial problem is patient selection to the chosen bias. Truly HPV-related cancers (p16-positive and HPV DNA-positive) with biomarkers for good response to therapy could be included in randomized trials aiming for less severe and better tailored therapy.","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"38 1","pages":"313 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90463718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marek Ireneusz Lipiński, W. Różański, M. Markowski
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder is extremely hard to diagnose. The symptoms are highly unspecific and the small, flat CIS lesions can easily be missed, thus remaining unseen in standard white light cystoscopy. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is recommended by the European Association of Urology (EAU) as a diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected CIS [1]. A 58-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of symptoms of dysuria and occasional pain during micturition. The patient had been a smoker for 20 years, with no risk of exposure to chemical substances. The medical history did not indicate any haematuria or fever. Digital rectal examination found the prostate to be of proper density, with little enlargement and no other pathological findings. The preliminary diagnosis was set as lower urinary tract syndrome secondary to prostate enlargement. The patient was sent for creatinine assay, prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay, a urine test, and ultrasound examination of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate. He received a prescription for diclofenac, tamsulosin, and ciprofloxacin. The next appointment in the outpatient clinic was set for two months later as a follow-up. During that visit, the patient reported two episodes of painless bleeding in his urine. The serum levels of creatinine and PSA were 0.9 and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively, and no abnormalities were observed in the results of the urine test. No pathological changes were observed by ultrasonography. After the treatment, the symptoms of dysuria were diminished. In response to the presence of bleeding in the urine, the patient was sent for urethrocystoscopy, performed with short intravenous anaesthesia, and urinary cytology, which revealed the presence of pathological cells. On the basis of this result and that of the earlier ultrasonography, which indicated no bladder tumour symptoms, the patient was qualified for PDD. Photodynamic diagnosis was performed after intravesical instillation of a photosensitiser (Hexvix®) 60 minutes before the procedure. A Wolf PDD system was used to observe the photodynamic effect. Although the white light cystoscopy revealed only one pathological lesion, 4 mm in diameter, on the front wall of the urinary bladder, the urinary bladder mucosa seemed otherwise unaffected by any pathological changes. After switching to PDD mode, three independent points were indicated by red flashes: one on the back wall (8 mm in diameter), one on the right wall (5 mm in diameter), and one on the left wall of the urinary bladder (5 mm in diameter) (photo). Tissue samples were taken from each of the suspicious lesions. Both the papillary tumour and the three lesions visible only in PDD were treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). After the operation, instillation of mitomycin C was performed. The histopathological report revealed the papillary tumour from the front wall to be a high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
{"title":"Photodynamic diagnosis – current tool in diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder","authors":"Marek Ireneusz Lipiński, W. Różański, M. Markowski","doi":"10.5114/wo.2015.54391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2015.54391","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder is extremely hard to diagnose. The symptoms are highly unspecific and the small, flat CIS lesions can easily be missed, thus remaining unseen in standard white light cystoscopy. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is recommended by the European Association of Urology (EAU) as a diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected CIS [1]. \u0000 \u0000A 58-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of symptoms of dysuria and occasional pain during micturition. The patient had been a smoker for 20 years, with no risk of exposure to chemical substances. The medical history did not indicate any haematuria or fever. Digital rectal examination found the prostate to be of proper density, with little enlargement and no other pathological findings. The preliminary diagnosis was set as lower urinary tract syndrome secondary to prostate enlargement. The patient was sent for creatinine assay, prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay, a urine test, and ultrasound examination of the kidneys, bladder, and prostate. He received a prescription for diclofenac, tamsulosin, and ciprofloxacin. \u0000 \u0000The next appointment in the outpatient clinic was set for two months later as a follow-up. During that visit, the patient reported two episodes of painless bleeding in his urine. The serum levels of creatinine and PSA were 0.9 and 1.2 ng/ml, respectively, and no abnormalities were observed in the results of the urine test. No pathological changes were observed by ultrasonography. After the treatment, the symptoms of dysuria were diminished. \u0000 \u0000In response to the presence of bleeding in the urine, the patient was sent for urethrocystoscopy, performed with short intravenous anaesthesia, and urinary cytology, which revealed the presence of pathological cells. On the basis of this result and that of the earlier ultrasonography, which indicated no bladder tumour symptoms, the patient was qualified for PDD. \u0000 \u0000Photodynamic diagnosis was performed after intravesical instillation of a photosensitiser (Hexvix®) 60 minutes before the procedure. A Wolf PDD system was used to observe the photodynamic effect. Although the white light cystoscopy revealed only one pathological lesion, 4 mm in diameter, on the front wall of the urinary bladder, the urinary bladder mucosa seemed otherwise unaffected by any pathological changes. After switching to PDD mode, three independent points were indicated by red flashes: one on the back wall (8 mm in diameter), one on the right wall (5 mm in diameter), and one on the left wall of the urinary bladder (5 mm in diameter) (photo). Tissue samples were taken from each of the suspicious lesions. Both the papillary tumour and the three lesions visible only in PDD were treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). After the operation, instillation of mitomycin C was performed. \u0000 \u0000The histopathological report revealed the papillary tumour from the front wall to be a high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer ","PeriodicalId":10652,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"341 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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