Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900172
D. Chizhik, F. Rashid-Fanokhi, J. Ling, A. Lozano
BLAST (Bell-labs LAyered Space-Time) is a communication technique for achieving very high spectral efficiencies in highly scattering environments using multiple transmit and receive antennas. The large capacities promised by the use of BLAST may be realized when transfer functions between all pairs of elements are largely uncorrelated. However, as the base station is usually placed above local clutter, the angular spectrum at the base station becomes narrow in the horizontal plane, on the order of 2 degrees at 1 km, which determines the minimum required spacing between antennas to limit signal correlation. The BLAST system is thus expected to be subject to a trade-off between capacity and array size. In this work the correlation between base station antennas is derived for different antenna spacings. The result is used to derive link capacity, when there is correlation among receive antennas and among transmit antennas. It is found that for a 16/spl times/16 BLAST system at 10 dB average SNR, an antenna separation of 4 wavelengths between nearest neighbors in a linear array allows one to achieve 36 bits/sec/Hz as compared to 42 bits/sec/Hz for the uncorrelated antenna case. Here it is assumed that there is correlation only at the base station and remote antennas are uncorrelated because the remote is in a cluttered environment. The use of dually polarized antennas, which can transmit and receive separately in two polarizations, is also explored and found to allow a reduction of the base station array size by half.
{"title":"Antenna separation and capacity of BLAST in correlated channels","authors":"D. Chizhik, F. Rashid-Fanokhi, J. Ling, A. Lozano","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900172","url":null,"abstract":"BLAST (Bell-labs LAyered Space-Time) is a communication technique for achieving very high spectral efficiencies in highly scattering environments using multiple transmit and receive antennas. The large capacities promised by the use of BLAST may be realized when transfer functions between all pairs of elements are largely uncorrelated. However, as the base station is usually placed above local clutter, the angular spectrum at the base station becomes narrow in the horizontal plane, on the order of 2 degrees at 1 km, which determines the minimum required spacing between antennas to limit signal correlation. The BLAST system is thus expected to be subject to a trade-off between capacity and array size. In this work the correlation between base station antennas is derived for different antenna spacings. The result is used to derive link capacity, when there is correlation among receive antennas and among transmit antennas. It is found that for a 16/spl times/16 BLAST system at 10 dB average SNR, an antenna separation of 4 wavelengths between nearest neighbors in a linear array allows one to achieve 36 bits/sec/Hz as compared to 42 bits/sec/Hz for the uncorrelated antenna case. Here it is assumed that there is correlation only at the base station and remote antennas are uncorrelated because the remote is in a cluttered environment. The use of dually polarized antennas, which can transmit and receive separately in two polarizations, is also explored and found to allow a reduction of the base station array size by half.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132249799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900148
Y. Oda, K. Tsunekawa, M. Hata
This paper proposes a geometrically based propagation model for an urban mobile environment that establishes a relationship between the angle-of-arrival and time-of-arrival of multipath components. The model is characterized by the geometric locations of a base station and mobile station among urban city structures. This model comprises three sets of propagation characteristics: the street-microcell propagation characteristics around mobile stations; the reflection and scattering characteristics around reflection areas; and the macrocell propagation characteristics from the reflection area to the base station. In particular, by using the propagation characteristics of a street-microcell around the mobile station, a more realistic model is established compared to previous models, which were based on circular or elliptic reflective areas.
{"title":"Geometrically based directional channel model for urban mobile communication systems","authors":"Y. Oda, K. Tsunekawa, M. Hata","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900148","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a geometrically based propagation model for an urban mobile environment that establishes a relationship between the angle-of-arrival and time-of-arrival of multipath components. The model is characterized by the geometric locations of a base station and mobile station among urban city structures. This model comprises three sets of propagation characteristics: the street-microcell propagation characteristics around mobile stations; the reflection and scattering characteristics around reflection areas; and the macrocell propagation characteristics from the reflection area to the base station. In particular, by using the propagation characteristics of a street-microcell around the mobile station, a more realistic model is established compared to previous models, which were based on circular or elliptic reflective areas.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115829248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900141
R. Grosskopf
Some years ago the IRT developed a high resolution digital city model of Munich containing information on street widths and individual building heights. With these data and a powerful prediction model we calculated the indoor field strength for DVB-T transmitters in Munich. The IRT prediction method was intensively tested against mobile measurements in Munich, both in the VHF-range and in the 1.5-GHz-range, and proved to be reliable and accurate to predict coverage in urban areas. The IRT-method considers three-dimensional reflections at buildings and in this way, can simulate the multipath situation in the urban area quite well. With some modifications, the method can also be used for indoor coverage predictions. Based on these predictions, the portable indoor reception of the DVB-T transmitters is examined and the necessary transmitter power for city-wide indoor coverage can be derived. The results are also used to test the applicability of a much more simple prediction using rather coarse ground cover information instead of high resolution building data.
{"title":"Indoor coverage of the DVB-T transmitters in Munich","authors":"R. Grosskopf","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900141","url":null,"abstract":"Some years ago the IRT developed a high resolution digital city model of Munich containing information on street widths and individual building heights. With these data and a powerful prediction model we calculated the indoor field strength for DVB-T transmitters in Munich. The IRT prediction method was intensively tested against mobile measurements in Munich, both in the VHF-range and in the 1.5-GHz-range, and proved to be reliable and accurate to predict coverage in urban areas. The IRT-method considers three-dimensional reflections at buildings and in this way, can simulate the multipath situation in the urban area quite well. With some modifications, the method can also be used for indoor coverage predictions. Based on these predictions, the portable indoor reception of the DVB-T transmitters is examined and the necessary transmitter power for city-wide indoor coverage can be derived. The results are also used to test the applicability of a much more simple prediction using rather coarse ground cover information instead of high resolution building data.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125916669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900129
Z. Sipus, N. Herscovici
The stacked cylindrical patch antenna proposed in this paper overcomes the bandwidth limitations of the single patch version. The analysis of the antenna was done by using the method of moments in the spectral domain. The GIDMULT algorithm for the calculation of the Green's functions of a general cylindrical multilayer structure in the spectral domain was incorporated into a moment method program, which was used to compute the input impedance and the radiation pattern. For a VSWR of <2:1 the reported bandwidth is more than 10%.
{"title":"Cylindrical stacked patch antennas for wireless communication","authors":"Z. Sipus, N. Herscovici","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900129","url":null,"abstract":"The stacked cylindrical patch antenna proposed in this paper overcomes the bandwidth limitations of the single patch version. The analysis of the antenna was done by using the method of moments in the spectral domain. The GIDMULT algorithm for the calculation of the Green's functions of a general cylindrical multilayer structure in the spectral domain was incorporated into a moment method program, which was used to compute the input impedance and the radiation pattern. For a VSWR of <2:1 the reported bandwidth is more than 10%.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900132
Mohammod Ali, Gerard James Hayes
An integrated planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed and analyzed. The antenna is printed on the RF printed circuit board of a wireless communication device. Numerical analysis data shows that such an antenna can be utilized with as small as 22 mm by 5 mm by 1 mm of volume. The volume occupancy can be further reduced by adjusting various different antenna parameters. Such guidelines have also been presented. A laboratory prototype of such an antenna has been built and tested. Measured VSWR frequency data show that the antenna has adequate bandwidth within 2:1 VSWR for Bluetooth application. Radiation patterns have been measured in three orthogonal planes of the antenna using both dominant and cross polarizations. Test data demonstrated that the Bluetooth PIFA had comparable performance to a half-wave dipole.
提出并分析了一种集成平面倒f天线(PIFA)。天线印刷在无线通信设备的射频印刷电路板上。数值分析数据表明，这种天线的体积可小至22 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm。通过调整各种不同的天线参数，可以进一步减小体积占用。也提出了这样的指导方针。这种天线的实验室原型已经建成并进行了测试。实测VSWR频率数据表明，该天线在2:1 VSWR范围内有足够的带宽用于蓝牙应用。利用主极化和交叉极化在天线的三个正交平面上测量了辐射方向图。测试数据表明，蓝牙PIFA具有与半波偶极子相当的性能。
{"title":"Analysis of integrated inverted-F antennas for Bluetooth applications","authors":"Mohammod Ali, Gerard James Hayes","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900132","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed and analyzed. The antenna is printed on the RF printed circuit board of a wireless communication device. Numerical analysis data shows that such an antenna can be utilized with as small as 22 mm by 5 mm by 1 mm of volume. The volume occupancy can be further reduced by adjusting various different antenna parameters. Such guidelines have also been presented. A laboratory prototype of such an antenna has been built and tested. Measured VSWR frequency data show that the antenna has adequate bandwidth within 2:1 VSWR for Bluetooth application. Radiation patterns have been measured in three orthogonal planes of the antenna using both dominant and cross polarizations. Test data demonstrated that the Bluetooth PIFA had comparable performance to a half-wave dipole.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131946066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900145
R. Tahri, A. Fluerasu, C. Letrou
A shooting and bouncing beams (SBB) method is presented, for indoor propagation channel modeling. The advantage of the method comes from the fact that the number of beams to be launched is smaller than the number of rays in ray-tracing or ray-launching methods. The SBB method is particularly well suited for the millimeter wave range. Its application is illustrated by radio coverage simulations in a corridor at 37.2 GHz. Simulated results are compared with experimental results.
{"title":"A shooting and bouncing beams method for fast 3D indoor propagation channel characterization","authors":"R. Tahri, A. Fluerasu, C. Letrou","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900145","url":null,"abstract":"A shooting and bouncing beams (SBB) method is presented, for indoor propagation channel modeling. The advantage of the method comes from the fact that the number of beams to be launched is smaller than the number of rays in ray-tracing or ray-launching methods. The SBB method is particularly well suited for the millimeter wave range. Its application is illustrated by radio coverage simulations in a corridor at 37.2 GHz. Simulated results are compared with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900147
C. Trueman, D. Davis, B. Segal
In indoor propagation, the decline in field strength with distance has been modeled as inversely proportional to r/sup n/, where n is found empirically. In this paper, the field strength in a 50 m hospital corridor is computed by geometrical optics. The computed field strength is well represented as declining as 1/r at close distances and as 1/r/sup n/ farther away, with n chosen to minimize the error between the computed field and the r/sup n/ approximate model. Values of n are found for four wall constructions, at 850 and 1900 MHz.
{"title":"Ray optical simulation of indoor corridor propagation at 850 and 1900 MHz","authors":"C. Trueman, D. Davis, B. Segal","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900147","url":null,"abstract":"In indoor propagation, the decline in field strength with distance has been modeled as inversely proportional to r/sup n/, where n is found empirically. In this paper, the field strength in a 50 m hospital corridor is computed by geometrical optics. The computed field strength is well represented as declining as 1/r at close distances and as 1/r/sup n/ farther away, with n chosen to minimize the error between the computed field and the r/sup n/ approximate model. Values of n are found for four wall constructions, at 850 and 1900 MHz.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132624669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900156
M. Khodier, C. Christodoulou
The characteristics of a micromachined CPW-fed slot antenna array driven by converting optical power into microwave power using RF photodetectors are presented. The CPW line is connected to the active surface of the photodetector, from which the microwave power propagates to feed the radiating slot. The photodetector is fed via an optical fiber from beneath. The output microwave frequency from the photodetector is in the range 15 GHz-30 GHz. The analysis is performed using IE3D(R). The scattering parameters and radiation patterns are obtained for one antenna element and for a four-element antenna array. The results show a very good bandwidth and radiation characteristics of this antenna.
{"title":"Optically driven CPW-fed slot antenna for wireless communications","authors":"M. Khodier, C. Christodoulou","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900156","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of a micromachined CPW-fed slot antenna array driven by converting optical power into microwave power using RF photodetectors are presented. The CPW line is connected to the active surface of the photodetector, from which the microwave power propagates to feed the radiating slot. The photodetector is fed via an optical fiber from beneath. The output microwave frequency from the photodetector is in the range 15 GHz-30 GHz. The analysis is performed using IE3D(R). The scattering parameters and radiation patterns are obtained for one antenna element and for a four-element antenna array. The results show a very good bandwidth and radiation characteristics of this antenna.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131870384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900154
C. Xu, C. Law
The effects of directional antennas at the mobile unit on the Doppler power spectrum are investigated in this paper. The Doppler power spectral density (psd) functions at the mobile unit with a directional antenna employed at the mobile have been derived and presented. Two kinds of different antenna configurations at the base station are taken into our consideration. Namely, an omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna are employed.
{"title":"On the Doppler power spectrum at the mobile unit with a directional antenna","authors":"C. Xu, C. Law","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900154","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of directional antennas at the mobile unit on the Doppler power spectrum are investigated in this paper. The Doppler power spectral density (psd) functions at the mobile unit with a directional antenna employed at the mobile have been derived and presented. Two kinds of different antenna configurations at the base station are taken into our consideration. Namely, an omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna are employed.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123678183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1109/APWC.2000.900161
S. P. Guerouni
The paper considers a new millimeter wave multibeam mirror antenna for use as the base station terminal of a high rate wireless local area network.
本文研究了一种用于高速无线局域网基站终端的新型毫米波多波束镜像天线。
{"title":"Multibeam antenna terminal for wireless local area network","authors":"S. P. Guerouni","doi":"10.1109/APWC.2000.900161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWC.2000.900161","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers a new millimeter wave multibeam mirror antenna for use as the base station terminal of a high rate wireless local area network.","PeriodicalId":106689,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE-APS Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications (Cat. No.00EX380)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124426342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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