Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.5380/RETERM.V17I1.62254
S. Rabelo, L. S. Oliveira, A. S. Franca
Biodiesel was successful produced in a microwave irradiation reactor using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The biodiesel was production by the trasesterification reaction of soybean oil using metanol. Sodium methylate (30% solution in metanol) was used for the homogeneous catalyst and the heterogeneous catalyst was developed using wasted eggshells. The eggshells were calcined and tested pure and doped with potassium hydroxide in 10, 30 and 50% of weight. The power and temperature of the microwave were kept constant in every reaction being 800W and 200º Celsius, respectively. The reaction time was significantly reduced using microwave compared to the conventional process. In only one minute of reaction, the methyl ester (FAME) conversion obtained was 98.9% with the homogeneous catalyst and within 15 minutes, the heterogeneous catalysis accomplished 100%. For heterogeneous catalyst, the best results were acquired when the doped catalyst contained 50% of KOH. The results indicated that the eggshells treated with KOH has a great potential to be used for microwave-assisted transesterification reactions of oils with mild operations conditions: molar ratio oil/alcochol 1:6 and just 5% of catalyst. In addition, the heterogenous catalyst was recovered and reused in other reactions with a relatively satisfying results. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimectric analysis.
{"title":"BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROWAVE IRRADIATED REACTOR USING HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS","authors":"S. Rabelo, L. S. Oliveira, A. S. Franca","doi":"10.5380/RETERM.V17I1.62254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/RETERM.V17I1.62254","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel was successful produced in a microwave irradiation reactor using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The biodiesel was production by the trasesterification reaction of soybean oil using metanol. Sodium methylate (30% solution in metanol) was used for the homogeneous catalyst and the heterogeneous catalyst was developed using wasted eggshells. The eggshells were calcined and tested pure and doped with potassium hydroxide in 10, 30 and 50% of weight. The power and temperature of the microwave were kept constant in every reaction being 800W and 200º Celsius, respectively. The reaction time was significantly reduced using microwave compared to the conventional process. In only one minute of reaction, the methyl ester (FAME) conversion obtained was 98.9% with the homogeneous catalyst and within 15 minutes, the heterogeneous catalysis accomplished 100%. For heterogeneous catalyst, the best results were acquired when the doped catalyst contained 50% of KOH. The results indicated that the eggshells treated with KOH has a great potential to be used for microwave-assisted transesterification reactions of oils with mild operations conditions: molar ratio oil/alcochol 1:6 and just 5% of catalyst. In addition, the heterogenous catalyst was recovered and reused in other reactions with a relatively satisfying results. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimectric analysis.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133654083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.26678/ABCM.COBEM2017.COB17-0780
L. Krambeck, P. H. Santos, T. A. Alves
In this research, a heat pipe with screen-covered groove capillary structure was experimentally analyzed. The heat pipe was manufactured from a copper tube with the external diameter of 9.45mm, inner diameter of 6.20mm, and a total length of 200mm. A Wire Electrical Discharge Machining, or Wire-EDM, was used to manufacture axial microgrooves in the heat pipe. A layer of phosphor bronze mesh #100 completed the capillary structure. Distilled water was the working fluid and the loading filling ratio was 60% of the evaporator volume. The condenser was cooled by air forced convection, the adiabatic section was insulated with fiberglass, and the evaporator was heated by an electrical resistor and it was insulated from the environment with aeronautic insulation. The heat pipe was tested in horizontal position, under different heat loads varying from 5 up to 30W. The experimental results showed that the screen-covered groove worked satisfactorily as a capillary structure.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SCREEN-COVERED GROOVE HEAT PIPE","authors":"L. Krambeck, P. H. Santos, T. A. Alves","doi":"10.26678/ABCM.COBEM2017.COB17-0780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26678/ABCM.COBEM2017.COB17-0780","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a heat pipe with screen-covered groove capillary structure was experimentally analyzed. The heat pipe was manufactured from a copper tube with the external diameter of 9.45mm, inner diameter of 6.20mm, and a total length of 200mm. A Wire Electrical Discharge Machining, or Wire-EDM, was used to manufacture axial microgrooves in the heat pipe. A layer of phosphor bronze mesh #100 completed the capillary structure. Distilled water was the working fluid and the loading filling ratio was 60% of the evaporator volume. The condenser was cooled by air forced convection, the adiabatic section was insulated with fiberglass, and the evaporator was heated by an electrical resistor and it was insulated from the environment with aeronautic insulation. The heat pipe was tested in horizontal position, under different heat loads varying from 5 up to 30W. The experimental results showed that the screen-covered groove worked satisfactorily as a capillary structure.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123993425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0098
A. Gallego, Augusto Cesar Clemente de Souza, P. H. Morais, Marcelo Modesto
Oil platforms are complex structures used to host workers and equipmentneeded in offshore exploration. This study focuses on the platform's heatand electricity cogeneration plant, which supplies a process heat exchangersnet, and provides the necessary electricity for all the equipment used for theprocess and worker's accommodation in the platform. The platform demandwith maximum load is 75 MW, which could be achieved using four gasturbines (25 MW each), one of which is kept for backup purposes or usingsix dual-fuel engines diesel/natural gas (15 MW each), one of which is alsokept for backup purposes. Therefore, the thermodynamic analysis wasperformed - considering five specific demand points of the platform -comparing the two traditional configurations (gas turbines and dual-fuelengines diesel/natural gas) and a combined configuration. The combinedconfiguration is composed of three gas turbines and two dual-fuel enginesdiesel/natural gas (one of the gas turbines kept for backup purposes). Theconfigurations presented respectively 35.5%, 48.4% and 42.6% at highestoverall efficiency; 611.34 g/kWh, 373.45 g/kWh, 472.74 g/kWh at lowestCO2 emissions considering full attendance of electrical and thermaldemands. The configurations using only gas turbines and the combinedfully attended the thermal demand of the platform without using auxiliarypieces of equipment. Therefore, it was possible to observe that thecombined configuration presented several advantages concerning isolatedsystems, proving to be an excellent option for sustainable energygeneration, reducing emissions of polluting gases and greater flexibility ofits operation concerning to configuration only with turbines, and physicaloccupation in relation to configuration only with engines.
{"title":"THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN COGENERATION SYSTEMS ON FPSO AIMING TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS","authors":"A. Gallego, Augusto Cesar Clemente de Souza, P. H. Morais, Marcelo Modesto","doi":"10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Oil platforms are complex structures used to host workers and equipmentneeded in offshore exploration. This study focuses on the platform's heatand electricity cogeneration plant, which supplies a process heat exchangersnet, and provides the necessary electricity for all the equipment used for theprocess and worker's accommodation in the platform. The platform demandwith maximum load is 75 MW, which could be achieved using four gasturbines (25 MW each), one of which is kept for backup purposes or usingsix dual-fuel engines diesel/natural gas (15 MW each), one of which is alsokept for backup purposes. Therefore, the thermodynamic analysis wasperformed - considering five specific demand points of the platform -comparing the two traditional configurations (gas turbines and dual-fuelengines diesel/natural gas) and a combined configuration. The combinedconfiguration is composed of three gas turbines and two dual-fuel enginesdiesel/natural gas (one of the gas turbines kept for backup purposes). Theconfigurations presented respectively 35.5%, 48.4% and 42.6% at highestoverall efficiency; 611.34 g/kWh, 373.45 g/kWh, 472.74 g/kWh at lowestCO2 emissions considering full attendance of electrical and thermaldemands. The configurations using only gas turbines and the combinedfully attended the thermal demand of the platform without using auxiliarypieces of equipment. Therefore, it was possible to observe that thecombined configuration presented several advantages concerning isolatedsystems, proving to be an excellent option for sustainable energygeneration, reducing emissions of polluting gases and greater flexibility ofits operation concerning to configuration only with turbines, and physicaloccupation in relation to configuration only with engines.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134182160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0574
Carlos A. Sá, M. Curi
Thermal insulation is present in several engineering areas, such as in civilconstruction, in industrial ovens, in satellites and launch vehicles and even indomestic applications, such as refrigerators. This work aims to presentmultilayer insulation for civil construction, thus reducing electrical energyexpenditure on air conditioning the environment and increasing thermalcomfort. To determine the heat flow through the wall, it was necessary tosolve the heat diffusion equation in rectangular Cartesian coordinates for eachinsulation layer, and the boundary conditions of each differential equationdepend on the neighboring layers, thus forming a system of equations. TheWolfram Mathematica computational software was used to solve themathematical equations. The heat flow was determined for the four seasonsof the year throughout the day for different configurations of thermalinsulation, varying the insulating material and its thickness. After analyzingthe results, it was possible to observe the great efficiency of the models withthermal insulation compared to traditional walls, making the internal wall'stemperature profile more constant throughout the day.
{"title":"THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS FOR BUILDING INSULATION SYSTEMS WITH ACTUAL MATERIALS USING REAL SOLAR RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE DATA","authors":"Carlos A. Sá, M. Curi","doi":"10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0574","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal insulation is present in several engineering areas, such as in civilconstruction, in industrial ovens, in satellites and launch vehicles and even indomestic applications, such as refrigerators. This work aims to presentmultilayer insulation for civil construction, thus reducing electrical energyexpenditure on air conditioning the environment and increasing thermalcomfort. To determine the heat flow through the wall, it was necessary tosolve the heat diffusion equation in rectangular Cartesian coordinates for eachinsulation layer, and the boundary conditions of each differential equationdepend on the neighboring layers, thus forming a system of equations. TheWolfram Mathematica computational software was used to solve themathematical equations. The heat flow was determined for the four seasonsof the year throughout the day for different configurations of thermalinsulation, varying the insulating material and its thickness. After analyzingthe results, it was possible to observe the great efficiency of the models withthermal insulation compared to traditional walls, making the internal wall'stemperature profile more constant throughout the day.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114833099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0583
F. Maruyama, K. Burr
Prediction of the possibility of a vehicle fuel tank supply process prematureshut off is of main concern for the automotive industry. The main objectiveof this work is to show that premature shut off can be explained by the absenceof a steady state after the initial transient in the fuel supply process. Thevehicle fuel tank considered in this work is composed only of a rectilinearpipe inclined with respect to the horizontal and connected to the top of arectangular tank. The counter-current two-phase flow in the pipe is modeledusing the one-dimensional drift flux model and the tankis modeled as a control volume where mass conservation for each phase isconsidered. Linear stability analysis of the two-phase flow model shows theabsence of the steady state phase for a range of liquid flow rates before theflooding condition is achieved as a function of tube inclination and length.This fact suggests that premature shut off occurs due to the absence of asteady state regime phase during the fuel supply process.
{"title":"PREMATURE SHUT OFF POSSIBILITY PREDICTION FOR AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANK SYSTEM","authors":"F. Maruyama, K. Burr","doi":"10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0583","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of the possibility of a vehicle fuel tank supply process prematureshut off is of main concern for the automotive industry. The main objectiveof this work is to show that premature shut off can be explained by the absenceof a steady state after the initial transient in the fuel supply process. Thevehicle fuel tank considered in this work is composed only of a rectilinearpipe inclined with respect to the horizontal and connected to the top of arectangular tank. The counter-current two-phase flow in the pipe is modeledusing the one-dimensional drift flux model and the tankis modeled as a control volume where mass conservation for each phase isconsidered. Linear stability analysis of the two-phase flow model shows theabsence of the steady state phase for a range of liquid flow rates before theflooding condition is achieved as a function of tube inclination and length.This fact suggests that premature shut off occurs due to the absence of asteady state regime phase during the fuel supply process.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121438301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5380/RETERM.V20I1.80463
F. Carvalho, P. E. Barbieri
The present work is composed by a comparative thermoeconomic analysisbetween two refrigeration systems: Vapor Compression CascadeRefrigeration System (VCCRS) and Integrated Refrigeration System byAbsorption and Vapor Compression (VCACRS). The thermoeconomicanalysis compares the systems under energy, exergy, economic andenvironmental aspects. The development of mathematical models for each ofthe systems is performed through the EES (Engineering Equation Solver)program. The optimized functions are exergy destruction and total cost rate(sum of cost rates of investment, operation, maintenance and enviromental)by minimizing these functions. The optimization method used is theweighted sum of the objectives, this can be achieved by assigning differentweights for each goal, then a new function that represents the linearrelationship between all the objectives is found. In present case the twoobjective functions are exergy destruction and total cost rate. Inmultiobjective optimization, the process of choosing among optimizedsolutions involves the definition of an equilibrium point, also called theideal point. In order to achieve a real solution of the minimum values ofthe described functions simultaneously one must determine which is thesmallest distance from the ideal point to the curve that defines theoptimized solutions. In the study the economical advantage of VCCRS inrelation to VCACRS was demonstrated. VCACRS has a cost 10.26% lowerthan VCCRS while VCCRS has a better exergetic efficiency, with itsdestruction of exergy 38.46% lower than VCACRS.
{"title":"Thermoeconomic Simulation of Cascaded and Integrated Vapor Compression-Absorption Refrigeration Systems","authors":"F. Carvalho, P. E. Barbieri","doi":"10.5380/RETERM.V20I1.80463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/RETERM.V20I1.80463","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is composed by a comparative thermoeconomic analysisbetween two refrigeration systems: Vapor Compression CascadeRefrigeration System (VCCRS) and Integrated Refrigeration System byAbsorption and Vapor Compression (VCACRS). The thermoeconomicanalysis compares the systems under energy, exergy, economic andenvironmental aspects. The development of mathematical models for each ofthe systems is performed through the EES (Engineering Equation Solver)program. The optimized functions are exergy destruction and total cost rate(sum of cost rates of investment, operation, maintenance and enviromental)by minimizing these functions. The optimization method used is theweighted sum of the objectives, this can be achieved by assigning differentweights for each goal, then a new function that represents the linearrelationship between all the objectives is found. In present case the twoobjective functions are exergy destruction and total cost rate. Inmultiobjective optimization, the process of choosing among optimizedsolutions involves the definition of an equilibrium point, also called theideal point. In order to achieve a real solution of the minimum values ofthe described functions simultaneously one must determine which is thesmallest distance from the ideal point to the curve that defines theoptimized solutions. In the study the economical advantage of VCCRS inrelation to VCACRS was demonstrated. VCACRS has a cost 10.26% lowerthan VCCRS while VCCRS has a better exergetic efficiency, with itsdestruction of exergy 38.46% lower than VCACRS.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129454838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83263
F. A. R. Campos, L. D. da Silva
With technological advances, polymers are increasingly used to manufacture various components that were previously exclusively manufactured with metals. One of the significant challenges in polymer processing is its relatively low thermal resistance, since relatively small temperature variations, especially when compared to metals and ceramics, lead to significant changes in material properties and in the final component geometry. This paper investigated how the internal temperature of polymers, subjected to an intermittent particulate jet deposition process in conjunction with a continuous flow of hot air, is affected by variation in surface roughness, polymer type, and air pressure. As the main result, low efficiency in heat transfer was caused by the combination of the convective nature of the heat exchange with the low thermal conductivity of the polymers. The variables with the most significant influence on the process were the intermittence and pressure of the particulate jet.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THERMOPLASTIC PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON THEIR INTERNAL TEMPERATURE","authors":"F. A. R. Campos, L. D. da Silva","doi":"10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83263","url":null,"abstract":"With technological advances, polymers are increasingly used to manufacture various components that were previously exclusively manufactured with metals. One of the significant challenges in polymer processing is its relatively low thermal resistance, since relatively small temperature variations, especially when compared to metals and ceramics, lead to significant changes in material properties and in the final component geometry. This paper investigated how the internal temperature of polymers, subjected to an intermittent particulate jet deposition process in conjunction with a continuous flow of hot air, is affected by variation in surface roughness, polymer type, and air pressure. As the main result, low efficiency in heat transfer was caused by the combination of the convective nature of the heat exchange with the low thermal conductivity of the polymers. The variables with the most significant influence on the process were the intermittence and pressure of the particulate jet.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130243195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0579
L. Krambeck, K. G. Domiciano, L. Betancur-Arboleda, M. Mantelli
The thermal performance of flat plate pulsating heat pipes with differentchannel geometries was performed in this experimental work. The testswere accomplished with two channel profiles, round and grooved. One ofthe channel geometries, located on the evaporator, can be considered novel,consisting of a round channel with two lateral grooves. Diffusion bondingtechnology was used to manufacture the PHPs made of two copper flatplates. Distilled water was used as the working fluid with a filling ratio of50% (17.9 ml) of the total volume. The pulsating heat pipes were tested atone position (vertical) under heat loads from 20 up to 2000 W. Theexperimental results showed that both flat plate pulsating heat pipesoperates successfully for high heat fluxes. The lateral grooves reduced thethermal resistance, being principally efficient in lower loads. Besides that,the novel channel considerably anticipated the operation startup. Therefore,a much better performance was obtained by the grooved channel PHP,which was constructed from a simple, low cost modification of thefabrication process.
{"title":"FLAT PLATE PULSATING HEAT PIPES WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL GEOMETRIES FOR HIGH HEAT FLUX APPLICATIONS","authors":"L. Krambeck, K. G. Domiciano, L. Betancur-Arboleda, M. Mantelli","doi":"10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0579","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal performance of flat plate pulsating heat pipes with differentchannel geometries was performed in this experimental work. The testswere accomplished with two channel profiles, round and grooved. One ofthe channel geometries, located on the evaporator, can be considered novel,consisting of a round channel with two lateral grooves. Diffusion bondingtechnology was used to manufacture the PHPs made of two copper flatplates. Distilled water was used as the working fluid with a filling ratio of50% (17.9 ml) of the total volume. The pulsating heat pipes were tested atone position (vertical) under heat loads from 20 up to 2000 W. Theexperimental results showed that both flat plate pulsating heat pipesoperates successfully for high heat fluxes. The lateral grooves reduced thethermal resistance, being principally efficient in lower loads. Besides that,the novel channel considerably anticipated the operation startup. Therefore,a much better performance was obtained by the grooved channel PHP,which was constructed from a simple, low cost modification of thefabrication process.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125044005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83266
Y. L. Pilissão, A. G. Machado, E. Virmond, E. S. Watzko
Municipal solid waste has always been an undesirable asset in society, and its generation grows every year. Inadequate waste disposal may cause many problems, either by the contamination of the environment or by its capacity to serve as a vector for a series of pathogenic elements. The COVID-19 pandemic drew the world’s attention to these challenges and made it clear how they impact society in an unprecedented way. The higher amount of waste and safety supplies discarded, such as masks and facial shields, require an analysis of the current situation of solid waste management along with solutions to increase the capacity for resource recovery. Methods of treating, collecting, transporting, and disposing of municipal solid waste must be integrated with the other levels of the waste hierarchy (prevention, reuse and preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery (including energy recovery), and disposal). The scientific literature on this subject was verified in this paper, serving as a subsidy for the implementation of possible processes to be used in companies in the area of basic sanitation and city halls, which can benefit from investments that will incur in the generation of products of added value, creating a new link in its business chain. The production and application of integrated municipal solid waste management systems, including energy recovery from refuse derived fuel, can reduce the volume and expenses of municipal administrations with inadequate waste disposal in landfills and promote more sustainable practices in the circular economy scenario. Therefore, this paper sought to highlight the main activities related to municipal solid waste management with an aim to energy recovery.
{"title":"ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO","authors":"Y. L. Pilissão, A. G. Machado, E. Virmond, E. S. Watzko","doi":"10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v20i3.83266","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste has always been an undesirable asset in society, and its generation grows every year. Inadequate waste disposal may cause many problems, either by the contamination of the environment or by its capacity to serve as a vector for a series of pathogenic elements. The COVID-19 pandemic drew the world’s attention to these challenges and made it clear how they impact society in an unprecedented way. The higher amount of waste and safety supplies discarded, such as masks and facial shields, require an analysis of the current situation of solid waste management along with solutions to increase the capacity for resource recovery. Methods of treating, collecting, transporting, and disposing of municipal solid waste must be integrated with the other levels of the waste hierarchy (prevention, reuse and preparing for reuse, recycling, other recovery (including energy recovery), and disposal). The scientific literature on this subject was verified in this paper, serving as a subsidy for the implementation of possible processes to be used in companies in the area of basic sanitation and city halls, which can benefit from investments that will incur in the generation of products of added value, creating a new link in its business chain. The production and application of integrated municipal solid waste management systems, including energy recovery from refuse derived fuel, can reduce the volume and expenses of municipal administrations with inadequate waste disposal in landfills and promote more sustainable practices in the circular economy scenario. Therefore, this paper sought to highlight the main activities related to municipal solid waste management with an aim to energy recovery.","PeriodicalId":106768,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Engenharia Térmica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127017657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0620
A. Chun, C. Cunha, J. Donatelli, J. J. Santos, C. Zabeu
The present work aims to carry out an off-design turbocharger modellingpowered by exhaust gases from a Wärtsilä 20V34SG engine. First of all, 1-D engine model was already developed in GT-Power software whileconsidering a thermodynamic turbocharger modelling with constantisentropic efficiencies. Secondly, by using the results from 1-D enginemodel, the off-design turbocharger modelling is calibrated separately inEES software, taking into account compressible assumption, trianglevelocities and geometric dimensions. The case study is derived from a R&Dproject (ANEEL PD-06483-0318/2018) that targets to cool and dehumidifythe intake air at compressor’s upstream through a cooling coil, therebyallowing engine’s operation at reduced knocking conditions. The brakemean effective pressure (BMEP) is varied in the range of 20 to 23.45 bar,corresponding to brake power from 8.7 to 10.2 MW, respectively. With theoff-design turbocharger modelling it is possible to analyze its operationalbehavior under higher BMEP, hence, allowing to predict some importantparameters. The results showed that the turbocharger is operating within themanufacturer’s limit for BMEP of 23.45 bar, presenting total-to-staticisentropic efficiencies of 0.81 and 0.784 for compressor and turbine,respectively, rotational speed around 28135 RPM, pressure ratio atcompressor of 4.567 and maintaining control on waste-gate valve.
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