Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.2174/2212796817666221103100531
M. Madani, Nastaran Salimi, P. Shakib
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal, dyeing activity and optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodosporidium babjevae. Rhodosporidium red yeast is one of the natural alternative sources of carotenoids. Carotenoids are produced by a wide variety of bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants. These pigments serve a vital function as antioxidant protectors and have lately caught a lot of attention because of their positive impact on human health In this experimental-laboratory study, Rhodosporidium was isolated from different environmental sources in Isfahan. After carotenoid extraction based on the Davis method from Rhodosporidium, cell biomass, and the total amount of carotenoids were measured, and the carotenoid light absorption spectrum was determined. To optimize carotenoid production, one-factor and Taguchi methods evaluated incubation time factors, pH, nitrogen, and carbon source. Then, yeast carotenoid antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The stability of dye against washing, rubbing, and light was investigated to evaluate the carotenoid dyeing activity. In this experimental-laboratory study, Rhodosporidiums were isolated from different environmental sources in Isfahan. After carotenoid extraction according to Davis method from Rhodosporidiums, cell biomass, total amount of carotenoids was measured, and carotenoid light absorption spectrum was determined. To optimize carotenoid production, incubation time factors, pH, nitrogen and carbon source were evaluated by one-factor and Taguchi methods. Then, yeast carotenoid antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The stability of the dye against washing, rubbing and light was investigated to evaluate the carotenoid dyeing activity obtained. The optimum condition for carotenoid production was 96 hours of incubation, 2 g L-1 peptone, pH 5.5, and 30 g L-1 glucose. The optimal conditions of Taguchi were performed, and production of 11.67 mg L-1 was obtained. The carotenoid pigment isolated from Rhodosporidium babjevae showed no anti-candida properties but has antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. niger. Woolen fabric had washing fastness of 2 and cotton fabric had a washing fastness of 3. The staining grade on woolen and cotton fabrics was 4. The grade of color fastness of woolen and cotton fabrics against dry rubbing was 5, while the grade of color fastness against wet rubbing was 2 and 4, respectively. The optimum condition for carotenoids production was 96 hours’ time of incubation, 2g/l peptone, pH 5.5, and 30 g/l glucose. The optimal conditions of Taguchi were performed and a production of 11.67 μg / L was obtained. The carotenoid pigment isolated from Rhodosporidium babjevae showed no anti-candida properties. The color fastness was 4 for wool and 2 for cotton. The degree of washing stability was 2 for
本研究的目的是评价巴氏红孢子虫的抑菌活性、染色活性和优化类胡萝卜素的生产工艺。红红酵母是类胡萝卜素的天然替代来源之一。类胡萝卜素由各种各样的细菌、藻类、真菌和植物产生。这些色素作为抗氧化保护剂具有重要的功能，最近因其对人体健康的积极影响而引起了广泛的关注。在这项实验实验室研究中，从伊斯法罕不同的环境来源中分离出红孢子虫。采用Davis法提取红孢子虫类胡萝卜素后，测定细胞生物量和类胡萝卜素总量，测定类胡萝卜素光吸收光谱。为了优化类胡萝卜素的生产，单因素法和田口法评估了培养时间、pH、氮和碳源。然后测定酵母类胡萝卜素抗真菌活性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀真菌浓度(MFC)。考察了染料对洗涤、摩擦和光照的稳定性，评价了类胡萝卜素的染色活性。在本实验-实验室研究中，从伊斯法罕不同的环境源中分离出红孢子菌。采用Davis法提取红孢子草类胡萝卜素后，测定细胞生物量、类胡萝卜素总量，测定类胡萝卜素光吸收光谱。为了优化类胡萝卜素的产量，采用单因素法和田口法对培养时间、pH、氮和碳源进行了评价。测定酵母类胡萝卜素抗真菌活性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀真菌浓度(MFC)。考察了染料对洗涤、摩擦和光照的稳定性，评价了所获得的类胡萝卜素染色活性。类胡萝卜素的最佳生产条件为培养96小时，2 g L-1蛋白胨，pH 5.5, 30 g L-1葡萄糖。对田口发酵条件进行了优化，得到了11.67 mg L-1的产率。从巴氏红孢子虫中分离得到的类胡萝卜素对假丝酵母菌无抑制作用，但对黄霉和黑霉有抑制作用。羊毛织物的洗涤牢度为2，棉织物的洗涤牢度为3。羊毛和棉织物的染色等级为4级。毛、棉织物的干摩擦色牢度为5级，湿摩擦色牢度为2级，湿摩擦色牢度为4级。产类胡萝卜素的最佳条件为:培养96 h，蛋白胨2g/l, pH 5.5，葡萄糖30 g/l。对田口菌的最佳发酵条件进行了优化，其产率为11.67 μg / L。从巴氏红孢子虫中分离得到的类胡萝卜素无抗念珠菌活性。羊毛的色牢度为4，棉的色牢度为2。羊毛织物的洗涤稳定度为2，棉织物的洗涤稳定度为3。毛、棉织物的染色程度均为4。毛、棉织物的干摩擦色稳度为5，毛、棉织物的湿摩擦色稳度为2、4。研究结果表明，巴氏红孢子虫类胡萝卜素是一种较理想的染色剂，具有抗菌性能，可用于工业生产。希望将其用于类胡萝卜素的商业化生产。
{"title":"Optimization of Carotenoid Production by Rhodosporidium babjevae and Evaluation of Antifungal and Dyeing Activity","authors":"M. Madani, Nastaran Salimi, P. Shakib","doi":"10.2174/2212796817666221103100531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796817666221103100531","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal, dyeing activity and optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodosporidium babjevae.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Rhodosporidium red yeast is one of the natural alternative sources of carotenoids. Carotenoids are produced by a wide variety of bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants. These pigments serve a vital function as antioxidant protectors and have lately caught a lot of attention because of their positive impact on human health\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this experimental-laboratory study, Rhodosporidium was isolated from different environmental sources in Isfahan. After carotenoid extraction based on the Davis method from Rhodosporidium, cell biomass, and the total amount of carotenoids were measured, and the carotenoid light absorption spectrum was determined. To optimize carotenoid production, one-factor and Taguchi methods evaluated incubation time factors, pH, nitrogen, and carbon source. Then, yeast carotenoid antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The stability of dye against washing, rubbing, and light was investigated to evaluate the carotenoid dyeing activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this experimental-laboratory study, Rhodosporidiums were isolated from different environmental sources in Isfahan. After carotenoid extraction according to Davis method from Rhodosporidiums, cell biomass, total amount of carotenoids was measured, and carotenoid light absorption spectrum was determined. To optimize carotenoid production, incubation time factors, pH, nitrogen and carbon source were evaluated by one-factor and Taguchi methods. Then, yeast carotenoid antifungal activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The stability of the dye against washing, rubbing and light was investigated to evaluate the carotenoid dyeing activity obtained.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimum condition for carotenoid production was 96 hours of incubation, 2 g L-1 peptone, pH 5.5, and 30 g L-1 glucose. The optimal conditions of Taguchi were performed, and production of 11.67 mg L-1 was obtained. The carotenoid pigment isolated from Rhodosporidium babjevae showed no anti-candida properties but has antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. niger. Woolen fabric had washing fastness of 2 and cotton fabric had a washing fastness of 3. The staining grade on woolen and cotton fabrics was 4. The grade of color fastness of woolen and cotton fabrics against dry rubbing was 5, while the grade of color fastness against wet rubbing was 2 and 4, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimum condition for carotenoids production was 96 hours’ time of incubation, 2g/l peptone, pH 5.5, and 30 g/l glucose. The optimal conditions of Taguchi were performed and a production of 11.67 μg / L was obtained. The carotenoid pigment isolated from Rhodosporidium babjevae showed no anti-candida properties. The color fastness was 4 for wool and 2 for cotton. The degree of washing stability was 2 for","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220820110616
K. P B, S. B., Prashant Singam, Sahitya G, Tulya Rupasri V, Rajasheker G, Prashanth Suravajhala
Lignins are phenylpropanoid polymers with complex composition and structures and crucial components in plant cell walls. Lignins are biosynthesized from oxidative polymerization of 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, but differ in the degree of methoxylation. This review makes an endeavour to identify the gaps in our understanding of lignin modulation and gain insights into their relevance to abiotic stress tolerance. Critical review of the recent literature to understand the regulation of lignin, the major biopolymer involved in multitude of functions. Lignin contributes to the growth of tissues, organs that give mechanical protection or lodging resistance and also responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The quantity and quality of accumulation of lignin is dependent on the type of plant species and abiotic stress. In this review, we briefly discuss about the biosynthesis, modulation of lignin by diverse transcription factors and its role in salt, drought and temperature stress tolerance. We need to explore many areas to gain comprehensive knowledge about the secondary cell wall deposition of monolignols, and their transport, leading to lignin accumulation which imparts biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to plants.
{"title":"Modulation of Lignin and its Implications in Salt, Drought and Temperature Stress Tolerance","authors":"K. P B, S. B., Prashant Singam, Sahitya G, Tulya Rupasri V, Rajasheker G, Prashanth Suravajhala","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220820110616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220820110616","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lignins are phenylpropanoid polymers with complex composition and structures and crucial components in plant cell walls. Lignins are biosynthesized from oxidative polymerization of 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, but differ in the degree of methoxylation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review makes an endeavour to identify the gaps in our understanding of lignin modulation and gain insights into their relevance to abiotic stress tolerance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Critical review of the recent literature to understand the regulation of lignin, the major biopolymer involved in multitude of functions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Lignin contributes to the growth of tissues, organs that give mechanical protection or lodging resistance and also responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The quantity and quality of accumulation of lignin is dependent on the type of plant species and abiotic stress. In this review, we briefly discuss about the biosynthesis, modulation of lignin by diverse transcription factors and its role in salt, drought and temperature stress tolerance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We need to explore many areas to gain comprehensive knowledge about the secondary cell wall deposition of monolignols, and their transport, leading to lignin accumulation which imparts biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90634744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220517103230
B. Thanuja, K. Kripa, T. Bhavadharani, C. Kanagam
2-phenyl hydrazine-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane and 2-oxime-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane derivatives of benzoin have been synthesized from 2’chloro-4-methoxy benzoin by addition reaction. Structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was done by FT-IR, FT-NMR studies. The presence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups enhanced the antioxidant activity which was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay methods. The effect of functional groups and substituents in the core structure was studied and was compared with its parent compound. In this manuscript, two derivatives of benzoin viz. 2-phenyl hydrazine-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-[4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane and 2-oxime-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl]-2-[4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane (HA) derivatives were synthesized by benzoin condensation and followed by addition reaction to find a potential anti-oxidant agent. Qualitative analyses were determined by FT-IR and FT-NMR studies. Anti-oxidant activities were tested by DPPH assay, ABTS assay, FRAP assay H2O2 methods From the obtained results it is confirmed that the effect of withdrawing and electron releasing groups as a substituent in the core structure of parent compounds enhances the activity of anti-oxidant. The role of substituents is discussed in detail. The results of the biochemical assay reveal that the synthesized compounds serve as good free radical inhibitors and scavengers which inhibit the oxidative reactions, are responsible for cell damage, food spoilage, etc. The promising anti-oxidant activities are because of the effective substituents which play a prominent role in the drug industries.
{"title":"The Effect of Substituents and Functional Groups on Enhancing the Antioxidant Activity of Benzoin Derivatives","authors":"B. Thanuja, K. Kripa, T. Bhavadharani, C. Kanagam","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220517103230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220517103230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u00002-phenyl hydrazine-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane and 2-oxime-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane derivatives of benzoin have been synthesized from 2’chloro-4-methoxy benzoin by addition reaction. Structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was done by FT-IR, FT-NMR studies. The presence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups enhanced the antioxidant activity which was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay methods. The effect of functional groups and substituents in the core structure was studied and was compared with its parent compound.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this manuscript, two derivatives of benzoin viz. 2-phenyl hydrazine-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl] -2-[4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane and 2-oxime-1-hydroxy, 1-[2-chlorophenyl]-2-[4’-methoxyphenyl] ethane (HA) derivatives were synthesized by benzoin condensation and followed by addition reaction to find a potential anti-oxidant agent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Qualitative analyses were determined by FT-IR and FT-NMR studies. Anti-oxidant activities were tested by DPPH assay, ABTS assay, FRAP assay H2O2 methods\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From the obtained results it is confirmed that the effect of withdrawing and electron releasing groups as a substituent in the core structure of parent compounds enhances the activity of anti-oxidant. The role of substituents is discussed in detail.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of the biochemical assay reveal that the synthesized compounds serve as good free radical inhibitors and scavengers which inhibit the oxidative reactions, are responsible for cell damage, food spoilage, etc. The promising anti-oxidant activities are because of the effective substituents which play a prominent role in the drug industries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83842314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220509145236
N. Prabhu, J. Jyoti, R. Kumari, J. Singh, R. Butcher
An efficient synthesis of hexakis(alkylthio/selenomethyl)benzenes [(RSCH2)6C6 and (RSeCH2)6C6] (1-14) (where, R= nPr, iPr, nBu, iBu, sBu, tBu, nPent, iPent, and 2-Methyl-1-butyl) by the reaction of hexakis(bromomethyl)benzene with alkylthio or alkylseleno (RS-/RSe-) anions are demonstrated. They have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods including single crystal X-ray crystallography. The balances between multiple [C(sp3)-H…S] or [C(sp3)-H…Se] intramolecular interactions in these species appear to decide their stability. Preliminary spectroscopic (UV-vis. and fluorescence) data on the behavior of alkylchalcogeno substituted hexa-benzenes in solution revealed their potential as ion-sensing species and function as highly selective ionophores for Ag+ and Hg2+ ions recognition. In situ, (Hg-S) and (Hg-Se) bond formation on interaction with the chosen hexa-species (2 and 10) and Hg2+ cation revealed a unique ‘turn-off’ or ‘turn-on’ emissive behavior and these function act as reporting fluorescent tool for Hg2+ quantification without use of any external fluorophore. The present study describes an efficient and simple route for the synthesis of sterically encumbered poly-alkylthio/seleno benzenes in high purity and good yields.
{"title":"Acyclic polyorganochalcogenoethers and their functional activities: Synthesis of sterically encumbered hexakis(alkylchalcogenomethyl)benzenes [(RECH2)6C6] [E=S or Se] and their potential as selective ionophores for Hg2+ ions","authors":"N. Prabhu, J. Jyoti, R. Kumari, J. Singh, R. Butcher","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220509145236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220509145236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000An efficient synthesis of hexakis(alkylthio/selenomethyl)benzenes [(RSCH2)6C6 and (RSeCH2)6C6] (1-14) (where, R= nPr, iPr, nBu, iBu, sBu, tBu, nPent, iPent, and 2-Methyl-1-butyl) by the reaction of hexakis(bromomethyl)benzene with alkylthio or alkylseleno (RS-/RSe-) anions are demonstrated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000They have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods including single crystal X-ray crystallography. The balances between multiple [C(sp3)-H…S] or [C(sp3)-H…Se] intramolecular interactions in these species appear to decide their stability. Preliminary spectroscopic (UV-vis. and fluorescence) data on the behavior of alkylchalcogeno substituted hexa-benzenes in solution revealed their potential as ion-sensing species and function as highly selective ionophores for Ag+ and Hg2+ ions recognition.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In situ, (Hg-S) and (Hg-Se) bond formation on interaction with the chosen hexa-species (2 and 10) and Hg2+ cation revealed a unique ‘turn-off’ or ‘turn-on’ emissive behavior and these function act as reporting fluorescent tool for Hg2+ quantification without use of any external fluorophore.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study describes an efficient and simple route for the synthesis of sterically encumbered poly-alkylthio/seleno benzenes in high purity and good yields.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81782321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220419121948
Jactty Chew, T. Tong, Mun Lok Chua, Mohammad Ridwane Munngroo, Yi Xing Yap, M. Misran, L. Gew
Contact lenses that are coated with antibacterial agents may reduce the risk of microbial keratitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, such contact lenses are not available in the market. We determined the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)-loaded soft contact lenses to prevent the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commercially acquired sterile silicone hydrogel contact lenses were soaked in ZnO-NPs (˂50 nm) suspensions of various concentrations and the stability of the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses over 28 days was monitored using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity effects of ZnO-NPs on human corneal epithelial cells were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses was optimal starting from day seven onward. In the following assays, optimally ZnO-NP-coated contact lenses were incubated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa suspensions (1 x 105 colony forming unit) for 24 hr at 37C, followed by enumeration using the plating method. Our data showed that 100 ppm of ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses reduced the adhesion of 69.9% and 74.6% of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa significantly (p<0.05), respectively. The confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses were consistent with our bacterial adhesion findings. Low cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells was observed even at the highest concentration of 300 ppm. This study provides insights into the potential role of ZnO-NPs in the development of contact lenses with antibacterial properties.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle-loaded soft contact lens","authors":"Jactty Chew, T. Tong, Mun Lok Chua, Mohammad Ridwane Munngroo, Yi Xing Yap, M. Misran, L. Gew","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220419121948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220419121948","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Contact lenses that are coated with antibacterial agents may reduce the risk of microbial keratitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, such contact lenses are not available in the market.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We determined the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)-loaded soft contact lenses to prevent the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commercially acquired sterile silicone hydrogel contact lenses were soaked in ZnO-NPs (˂50 nm) suspensions of various concentrations and the stability of the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses over 28 days was monitored using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity effects of ZnO-NPs on human corneal epithelial cells were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses was optimal starting from day seven onward. In the following assays, optimally ZnO-NP-coated contact lenses were incubated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa suspensions (1 x 105 colony forming unit) for 24 hr at 37C, followed by enumeration using the plating method. Our data showed that 100 ppm of ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses reduced the adhesion of 69.9% and 74.6% of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa significantly (p<0.05), respectively. The confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses were consistent with our bacterial adhesion findings. Low cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells was observed even at the highest concentration of 300 ppm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study provides insights into the potential role of ZnO-NPs in the development of contact lenses with antibacterial properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78041051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220415142301
M. Iwaoka, Hajime Oba, Kotoi Matsumura, Shuhei Yamanaka, Shingo Shimodaira, S. Kusano, Tatsuya Asami
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), one of the representative selenoenzymes, is an important antioxidant enzyme suppressing oxidative stress in living organisms. At the active site of human TrxR, the presence of a Sec•••His•••Glu catalytic triad was previously suggested. Method. In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity. In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity The molecular simulation in advance by REMC/SAAP3D predicted the preferential formation of Sec•••His•••Glu hydrogen bonding networks in the aqueous solution. Indeed, a significant antioxidant activity was observed for 1 in the activity assay using NADPH as a reductant and H2O2 as a substrate. Tracking the reaction between 1 and GSH by 77Se NMR revealed a reductive cleavage of the selenosulfide (Se-S) bond to generate the diselenide species. The observation suggested that in the transiently formed mixed Se-S intermediate, the NH•••Se hydrogen bond between the Sec and His residues leads a nucleophilic attack of the second thiol molecule not to the intrinsically more electrophilic Se atom but to the less electrophilic S atom of the Se-S bond. Ab initio calculations for the complex between MeSeSMe and an imidazolium ion at the MP2/6-31++G(d,p) level demonstrated that NH•••Se and NH•••S hydrogen bonds are equally favorable as the interaction modes. Thus, importance of the relative spatial arrangement of the Se-S bond with respect to the imidazole ring was suggested for the exertion of the TrxR-like catalytic activity. The proposed umpolung effect of NH•••Se hydrogen bond on the reactivity of a Se-S bond will be a useful tool for developing efficient TrxR models with high redox catalytic activity.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of a Selenopeptide Modelling the Thioredoxin Reductase Active Site is Enhanced by NH···Se Hydrogen Bond in the Mixed Selenosulfide Intermediate","authors":"M. Iwaoka, Hajime Oba, Kotoi Matsumura, Shuhei Yamanaka, Shingo Shimodaira, S. Kusano, Tatsuya Asami","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220415142301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220415142301","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), one of the representative selenoenzymes, is an important antioxidant enzyme suppressing oxidative stress in living organisms. At the active site of human TrxR, the presence of a Sec•••His•••Glu catalytic triad was previously suggested. Method. In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, a short selenopeptide mimicking this plausible triad, i.e., H-CUGHGE-OH (1), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the TrxR-like catalytic activity\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The molecular simulation in advance by REMC/SAAP3D predicted the preferential formation of Sec•••His•••Glu hydrogen bonding networks in the aqueous solution. Indeed, a significant antioxidant activity was observed for 1 in the activity assay using NADPH as a reductant and H2O2 as a substrate. Tracking the reaction between 1 and GSH by 77Se NMR revealed a reductive cleavage of the selenosulfide (Se-S) bond to generate the diselenide species. The observation suggested that in the transiently formed mixed Se-S intermediate, the NH•••Se hydrogen bond between the Sec and His residues leads a nucleophilic attack of the second thiol molecule not to the intrinsically more electrophilic Se atom but to the less electrophilic S atom of the Se-S bond. Ab initio calculations for the complex between MeSeSMe and an imidazolium ion at the MP2/6-31++G(d,p) level demonstrated that NH•••Se and NH•••S hydrogen bonds are equally favorable as the interaction modes. Thus, importance of the relative spatial arrangement of the Se-S bond with respect to the imidazole ring was suggested for the exertion of the TrxR-like catalytic activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed umpolung effect of NH•••Se hydrogen bond on the reactivity of a Se-S bond will be a useful tool for developing efficient TrxR models with high redox catalytic activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81759502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220408104856
N. Salyha, Y. Salyha
on physiological and biochemical processes in the mammalian organism is very important, despite The experimental studies aimed at exploring the ameliorative effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) on CCl4 toxicity in myocardium, lung tissues and blood of male rats. Rats were exposed to CCl4, after that rats were treated with L-Glu. The GSH level and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were studied. In addition to this, the content of lipid peroxidation products was monitored. The obtained results suggest that CCl4 causes oxidative stress in rat tissues, accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation products, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The enzymatic activity in tissues of rats treated with L-Glu was restored. Moreover, the changes, which were observed in the studied parameters showed to be less significant compared to CCl4 treated group. These results suggest that L-Glu inhibits of free radical processes. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the administration of L-Glu supplementation, which could be used to protect and mitigate the CCl4-induced oxidative stress.
{"title":"L-glutamic acid mitigates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute tissue injury by reducing oxidative stress in a rat model","authors":"N. Salyha, Y. Salyha","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220408104856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220408104856","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000on physiological and biochemical processes in the mammalian organism is very important, despite\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The experimental studies aimed at exploring the ameliorative effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) on CCl4 toxicity in myocardium, lung tissues and blood of male rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Rats were exposed to CCl4, after that rats were treated with L-Glu. The GSH level and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were studied. In addition to this, the content of lipid peroxidation products was monitored.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The obtained results suggest that CCl4 causes oxidative stress in rat tissues, accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation products, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The enzymatic activity in tissues of rats treated with L-Glu was restored. Moreover, the changes, which were observed in the studied parameters showed to be less significant compared to CCl4 treated group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These results suggest that L-Glu inhibits of free radical processes. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the administration of L-Glu supplementation, which could be used to protect and mitigate the CCl4-induced oxidative stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220330093744
V. V. Gandhi, R. P. Das, B. Singh, A. Kunwar
Proteins are the critical molecules for cellular functionality and are also considered to be highly susceptible for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damages. The present study was aimed to evaluate some simple water soluble aliphatic organoselenium compounds bearing different functional groups but of similar carbon chain (propyl) length for protective effect against 2,2’-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage using mitochondria as an in vitro model. The results indicated that APPH (20 mM) treatment of mitochondrial fraction induced protein carbonylation leading to inactivation of redox enzymes and electron transport chain (ETC) and ultimately the mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, treatment with 0.5 mM of monoselenobutyric acid (SeBA) and monoselenopropyl alcohol (SePOH) significantly prevented APPH-induced protein carbonylation in mitochondrial fraction and restored activities of mitochondrial proteins. On contrary, monoselenopropyl amine (SePAm) treatment at identical concentration did not show significant protection to mitochondrial activity from AAPH-induced oxidative damages. Above results are in concurrence to the reported peroxyl radical savaging activities of above molecules. In conclusion, SeBA and SePOH are potential candidate molecules to protect proteins from oxidative damages and therefore can be useful for management of oxidative stress in cellular models.
{"title":"Efficacy of propyl selenoethers against peroxyl radical induced protein damage: Effect of functional group substitution","authors":"V. V. Gandhi, R. P. Das, B. Singh, A. Kunwar","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220330093744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220330093744","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Proteins are the critical molecules for cellular functionality and are also considered to be highly susceptible for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damages.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study was aimed to evaluate some simple water soluble aliphatic organoselenium compounds bearing different functional groups but of similar carbon chain (propyl) length for protective effect against 2,2’-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage using mitochondria as an in vitro model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results indicated that APPH (20 mM) treatment of mitochondrial fraction induced protein carbonylation leading to inactivation of redox enzymes and electron transport chain (ETC) and ultimately the mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, treatment with 0.5 mM of monoselenobutyric acid (SeBA) and monoselenopropyl alcohol (SePOH) significantly prevented APPH-induced protein carbonylation in mitochondrial fraction and restored activities of mitochondrial proteins. On contrary, monoselenopropyl amine (SePAm) treatment at identical concentration did not show significant protection to mitochondrial activity from AAPH-induced oxidative damages. Above results are in concurrence to the reported peroxyl radical savaging activities of above molecules.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In conclusion, SeBA and SePOH are potential candidate molecules to protect proteins from oxidative damages and therefore can be useful for management of oxidative stress in cellular models.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83986737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220330090107
S. Shaikh, I. Priyadarsini, S. Vavilala
Antibiotic resistance of various bacterial communities remains a global burden in healthcare industry. Biofilm formation is one of the resistance mechanisms acquired by bacterial communities in order to reverse the action of antibiotics. There is an urgent need for the discovery of novel antimicrobials and novel approaches to tackle this problem. However, it is very expensive and challenging to develop new antibiotics. Drug repurposing is an efficient strategy which reduces time and cost associated with drug discovery. In the current study, anti-microbial and antibiofilm potential of an organoselenium clinical molecule Ebselen against Neisseria mucosa has been elucidated. Ebselen Antibacterial studies include Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), growth-kill, Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assays and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation studies. Antibiofilm studies include inhibition, eradication and cell surface hydrophobicity assays, quantification of Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) and eDNA and for anti-quorum sensing activity protease and urease enzyme activities were elucidated. Ebselen showed efficient bactericidal activity as indicated by its low MIC values, bacterial growth inhibition over time and its ability to prevent clonal propagation in this bacterium. Increased accumulation of ROS in Ebselen treated cells indicates radical mediated induction of bacterial death. Interestingly, Ebselen inhibited and distorted matured biofilms by degrading the eDNA component of the EPS layer. Ebselen also attenuated quorum-sensing pathway as indicated by decreased urease and protease enzyme activities. Taken together, these results paved the way to repurpose Ebselen as a potential drug target to curb Neisseria mucosa infections.
{"title":"Ebselen’s potential to inhibit planktonic and biofilm growth of Niesseria mucosa","authors":"S. Shaikh, I. Priyadarsini, S. Vavilala","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220330090107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220330090107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Antibiotic resistance of various bacterial communities remains a global burden in healthcare industry. Biofilm formation is one of the resistance mechanisms acquired by bacterial communities in order to reverse the action of antibiotics. There is an urgent need for the discovery of novel antimicrobials and novel approaches to tackle this problem. However, it is very expensive and challenging to develop new antibiotics. Drug repurposing is an efficient strategy which reduces time and cost associated with drug discovery.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the current study, anti-microbial and antibiofilm potential of an organoselenium clinical molecule Ebselen against Neisseria mucosa has been elucidated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Ebselen Antibacterial studies include Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), growth-kill, Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assays and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation studies. Antibiofilm studies include inhibition, eradication and cell surface hydrophobicity assays, quantification of Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) and eDNA and for anti-quorum sensing activity protease and urease enzyme activities were elucidated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Ebselen showed efficient bactericidal activity as indicated by its low MIC values, bacterial growth inhibition over time and its ability to prevent clonal propagation in this bacterium. Increased accumulation of ROS in Ebselen treated cells indicates radical mediated induction of bacterial death. Interestingly, Ebselen inhibited and distorted matured biofilms by degrading the eDNA component of the EPS layer. Ebselen also attenuated quorum-sensing pathway as indicated by decreased urease and protease enzyme activities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Taken together, these results paved the way to repurpose Ebselen as a potential drug target to curb Neisseria mucosa infections.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.2174/2212796816666220328130800
S. Rathore, Adarsh Sahu, R. Agrawal, A. G. Patil
Leishmaniasis is a multifaceted disease that is prevalent worldwide. It is an epidemic, seldom abandoned tropical/subtropical disease caused by macrophage infection by compulsive leishmania genus intracellular parasites affecting millions of people across the globe. The demand for effective and safe molecules in the field of leishmaniasis is still an active research area. The lack of widely effective anti-leishmanial drugs, therefore, means a critical need for the production of modern, effective, affordable, and safe drugs for leishmaniasis care. In the recent past, many new pharmacophores have been synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial activity. Many important heterocycles had proved to be effective against various leishmanial strains in terms of both safety and efficacy. In this article, we have attempted to review the different pharmacophores discovered in the past few years with the potential anti-leishmanial property.
{"title":"A critical review on recent heterocyclic identified for anti-leishmanial therapy","authors":"S. Rathore, Adarsh Sahu, R. Agrawal, A. G. Patil","doi":"10.2174/2212796816666220328130800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2212796816666220328130800","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Leishmaniasis is a multifaceted disease that is prevalent worldwide. It is an epidemic, seldom abandoned tropical/subtropical disease caused by macrophage infection by compulsive leishmania genus intracellular parasites affecting millions of people across the globe.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The demand for effective and safe molecules in the field of leishmaniasis is still an active research area. The lack of widely effective anti-leishmanial drugs, therefore, means a critical need for the production of modern, effective, affordable, and safe drugs for leishmaniasis care. In the recent past, many new pharmacophores have been synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Many important heterocycles had proved to be effective against various leishmanial strains in terms of both safety and efficacy. In this article, we have attempted to review the different pharmacophores discovered in the past few years with the potential anti-leishmanial property.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10784,"journal":{"name":"Current Chemical Biology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86569936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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