Today many software systems are developed for a wide even anonymous audience. If needs of customers are too diverse, offering one software product can be too inflexible. In that situation offering a Software Product Line (SPL) can be economically advantageous. However, product management of SPLs has to decide what features to realize. This decision requires information on the utility features spend to customers and customer's willingness to pay (WTP). Conjoint Analysis (CA) is a promising way to measure both. However, the design and implementation of a conjoint study is costly even though much of the work to design a conjoint study has already been done in Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE). To utilize the work of SPLE for the design of conjoint surveys, we propose a procedure to automatically derive conjoint surveys from Feature Models and report on our implementation of a conjoint survey generator and a web-based surveying tool.
{"title":"Conjoint Analysis of Software Product Lines: A Feature Based Approach","authors":"Johannes Müller, Max Lillack","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.73","url":null,"abstract":"Today many software systems are developed for a wide even anonymous audience. If needs of customers are too diverse, offering one software product can be too inflexible. In that situation offering a Software Product Line (SPL) can be economically advantageous. However, product management of SPLs has to decide what features to realize. This decision requires information on the utility features spend to customers and customer's willingness to pay (WTP). Conjoint Analysis (CA) is a promising way to measure both. However, the design and implementation of a conjoint study is costly even though much of the work to design a conjoint study has already been done in Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE). To utilize the work of SPLE for the design of conjoint surveys, we propose a procedure to automatically derive conjoint surveys from Feature Models and report on our implementation of a conjoint survey generator and a web-based surveying tool.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117173572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Correct and efficient implementation of open real-time systems is still a costly and error-prone process. We present a rigorous model-based implementation method of such systems based on the use of two models: (i) an abstract model representing the interactions between the environment and the application and its timing behavior without considering any execution platform, (ii) a physical model representing the behavior of the abstract model running on a given platform by taking into account execution times. We define an Execution Engine that performs the online computation of schedules for a given application so as to meet its timing constraints. In contrast to standard even-driven programming techniques, our method allows static analysis and online checking of essential properties such as time-safety and time-robustness. We implemented the Execution Engine for BIP programs and validated our method for a module of an autonomous rover.
{"title":"Correct Implementation of Open Real-Time Systems","authors":"Tesnim Abdellatif, Jacques Combaz, Marc Poulhiès","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.19","url":null,"abstract":"Correct and efficient implementation of open real-time systems is still a costly and error-prone process. We present a rigorous model-based implementation method of such systems based on the use of two models: (i) an abstract model representing the interactions between the environment and the application and its timing behavior without considering any execution platform, (ii) a physical model representing the behavior of the abstract model running on a given platform by taking into account execution times. We define an Execution Engine that performs the online computation of schedules for a given application so as to meet its timing constraints. In contrast to standard even-driven programming techniques, our method allows static analysis and online checking of essential properties such as time-safety and time-robustness. We implemented the Execution Engine for BIP programs and validated our method for a module of an autonomous rover.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defect prediction research mostly focus on optimizing the performance of models that are constructed for isolated projects. On the other hand, recent studies try to utilize data across projects for building defect prediction models. We combine both approaches and investigate the effects of using mixed (i.e. within and cross) project data on defect prediction performance, which has not been addressed in previous studies. We conduct experiments to analyze models learned from mixed project data using ten proprietary projects from two different organizations. We observe that code metric based mixed project models yield only minor improvements in the prediction performance for a limited number of cases that are difficult to characterize. Based on existing studies and our results, we conclude that using cross project data for defect prediction is still an open challenge that should only be considered in environments where there is no local data collection activity, and using data from other projects in addition to a project's own data does not pay off in terms of performance.
{"title":"Empirical Evaluation of Mixed-Project Defect Prediction Models","authors":"Burak Turhan, Ayse Tosun Misirli, A. Bener","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.59","url":null,"abstract":"Defect prediction research mostly focus on optimizing the performance of models that are constructed for isolated projects. On the other hand, recent studies try to utilize data across projects for building defect prediction models. We combine both approaches and investigate the effects of using mixed (i.e. within and cross) project data on defect prediction performance, which has not been addressed in previous studies. We conduct experiments to analyze models learned from mixed project data using ten proprietary projects from two different organizations. We observe that code metric based mixed project models yield only minor improvements in the prediction performance for a limited number of cases that are difficult to characterize. Based on existing studies and our results, we conclude that using cross project data for defect prediction is still an open challenge that should only be considered in environments where there is no local data collection activity, and using data from other projects in addition to a project's own data does not pay off in terms of performance.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123855888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decades we have been witnessing a significant increase in the complexity inherent to software development projects, due not only to a higher degree of sophistication in the contexts they aim to serve, but also to the natural evolution of the features implemented by the available software systems and applications. However, the reduced dimension of many software corporations imposes a significant constraint to the group of individuals that might be involved in each project, with obvious consequences to their efficiency and effectiveness. This paper describes how to accomplish a configuration of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in order to obtain one set of RUP roles that, without neglecting any critical role of the software development process, may easily be adopted by a small or medium software development team during the project execution period.
{"title":"Tailoring RUP to Small Software Development Teams","authors":"Pedro Borges, Paula Monteiro, R. J. Machado","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.55","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades we have been witnessing a significant increase in the complexity inherent to software development projects, due not only to a higher degree of sophistication in the contexts they aim to serve, but also to the natural evolution of the features implemented by the available software systems and applications. However, the reduced dimension of many software corporations imposes a significant constraint to the group of individuals that might be involved in each project, with obvious consequences to their efficiency and effectiveness. This paper describes how to accomplish a configuration of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in order to obtain one set of RUP roles that, without neglecting any critical role of the software development process, may easily be adopted by a small or medium software development team during the project execution period.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125726060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of asynchronous techniques for building interactive web applications has led to the development of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). RIAs offer greatly enhanced usability and the ability to deliver rich dynamic content. However, due to the widespread use of RIAs, there is a need to develop and test highly scalable RIAs. Furthermore, cloud computing introduces new opportunities for ensuring and extending performance and scalability of RIAs. This has necessitated the need to devise effective ways for doing automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. In this paper, we describe different problems and challenges in automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. We then propose the ASTORIA framework as a novel solution to the identified problems and challenges. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by building a working prototype for ASTORIA and by using it for conducting experiments.
{"title":"Towards Automatic Performance and Scalability Testing of Rich Internet Applications in the Cloud","authors":"Niclas Snellman, A. Ashraf, Ivan Porres","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.33","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of asynchronous techniques for building interactive web applications has led to the development of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). RIAs offer greatly enhanced usability and the ability to deliver rich dynamic content. However, due to the widespread use of RIAs, there is a need to develop and test highly scalable RIAs. Furthermore, cloud computing introduces new opportunities for ensuring and extending performance and scalability of RIAs. This has necessitated the need to devise effective ways for doing automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. In this paper, we describe different problems and challenges in automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. We then propose the ASTORIA framework as a novel solution to the identified problems and challenges. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by building a working prototype for ASTORIA and by using it for conducting experiments.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Configuration management is a complex task, even for experienced system administrators, which makes self-managing systems a particularly desirable solution. This paper describes a novel contribution to self-managing systems, including an autonomic configuration self-optimization methodology. Our solution involves a systematic simulation method that develops a state-transition model of the behavior of a service-oriented system in terms of its configuration and performance. At run time, the system's behavior is monitored and classified in one of the model states. If this state may lead to futures that violate service level agreements, the system configuration is changed toward a safer future state. Similarly, a satisfactory state that is over-provisioned may be transitioned to a more economical satisfactory state. Aside from the typical benefits of self-optimization, our approach includes an intuitive, explainable decision model, the ability to predict the future with some accuracy avoiding trial-and-error, offline training, and the ability to improve the model at run-time. We demonstrate this methodology in an experiment where Amazon EC2 instances are added and removed to handle changing request volumes to a real service-oriented application. We show that a knowledge base generated entirely in simulation can be used to make accurate changes to a real-world application.
{"title":"Autonomic Configuration Adaptation Based on Simulation-Generated State-Transition Models","authors":"Michael Smit, Eleni Stroulia","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.36","url":null,"abstract":"Configuration management is a complex task, even for experienced system administrators, which makes self-managing systems a particularly desirable solution. This paper describes a novel contribution to self-managing systems, including an autonomic configuration self-optimization methodology. Our solution involves a systematic simulation method that develops a state-transition model of the behavior of a service-oriented system in terms of its configuration and performance. At run time, the system's behavior is monitored and classified in one of the model states. If this state may lead to futures that violate service level agreements, the system configuration is changed toward a safer future state. Similarly, a satisfactory state that is over-provisioned may be transitioned to a more economical satisfactory state. Aside from the typical benefits of self-optimization, our approach includes an intuitive, explainable decision model, the ability to predict the future with some accuracy avoiding trial-and-error, offline training, and the ability to improve the model at run-time. We demonstrate this methodology in an experiment where Amazon EC2 instances are added and removed to handle changing request volumes to a real service-oriented application. We show that a knowledge base generated entirely in simulation can be used to make accurate changes to a real-world application.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) has gained increasing attention as an agile development approach in recent years. However, characteristics that constituite the BDD approach are not clearly defined. In this paper, we present a set of main BDD charactersitics identified through an analysis of relevant literature and current BDD toolkits. Our study can provide a basis for understanding BDD, as well as for extending the exisiting BDD toolkits or developing new ones.
{"title":"A Study of the Characteristics of Behaviour Driven Development","authors":"Carlos Solís, Xiaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.76","url":null,"abstract":"Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) has gained increasing attention as an agile development approach in recent years. However, characteristics that constituite the BDD approach are not clearly defined. In this paper, we present a set of main BDD charactersitics identified through an analysis of relevant literature and current BDD toolkits. Our study can provide a basis for understanding BDD, as well as for extending the exisiting BDD toolkits or developing new ones.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134579931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost estimation of software projects is an important management activity. Despite research efforts the accuracy of estimates does not seem to improve. In this paper we confirm intentional distortions of estimates reported in a previous study. This study is based on questionnaire responses from 48 software practitioners from eight different companies. The results of the questionnaire suggest that prevalence of intentional distortions is affected by the organizational type and the development process in use. Further, we extend the results with information about three companies' estimation practices and related distortions collected in interviews with three managers. Lastly, based on these results and additional organizational politics theory we describe organizational politics tactics that affect cost estimates.
{"title":"Confirming Distortional Behaviors in Software Cost Estimation Practice","authors":"Ana Magazinius, R. Feldt","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.61","url":null,"abstract":"Cost estimation of software projects is an important management activity. Despite research efforts the accuracy of estimates does not seem to improve. In this paper we confirm intentional distortions of estimates reported in a previous study. This study is based on questionnaire responses from 48 software practitioners from eight different companies. The results of the questionnaire suggest that prevalence of intentional distortions is affected by the organizational type and the development process in use. Further, we extend the results with information about three companies' estimation practices and related distortions collected in interviews with three managers. Lastly, based on these results and additional organizational politics theory we describe organizational politics tactics that affect cost estimates.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124412389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the lifetime of a long lived software intensive system the (software) technologies used in the system will change. Changing technologies in such systems is typically extremely costly and painful for the organizations that have to perform these changes. Hence, wrong technology choices can jeopardize the economic viability of such systems in the long run. This paper presents Tech Sure, a method for assessing technology sustainability in long lived software intensive systems, together with experiences from case studies. The method makes sustainability issues an explicit part of a technology assessment and offers guidance on how to gauge the associated sustainability. Together, this supports making appropriate technology choices for long lived software intensive systems.
{"title":"TechSuRe - A Method for Assessing Technology Sustainability in Long Lived Software Intensive Systems","authors":"A. Jansen, Anders Wall, R. Weiss","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.66","url":null,"abstract":"Over the lifetime of a long lived software intensive system the (software) technologies used in the system will change. Changing technologies in such systems is typically extremely costly and painful for the organizations that have to perform these changes. Hence, wrong technology choices can jeopardize the economic viability of such systems in the long run. This paper presents Tech Sure, a method for assessing technology sustainability in long lived software intensive systems, together with experiences from case studies. The method makes sustainability issues an explicit part of a technology assessment and offers guidance on how to gauge the associated sustainability. Together, this supports making appropriate technology choices for long lived software intensive systems.","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128940117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cloud computing is promoted by providers as a service offering to satisfy the modern information system needs of the business stakeholder. These services are presented in a way that can be elastic, scalable, cost-effective and delivered via the internet on a pay-for-usage pricing model. These services are now within the grasp of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME). Businesses in general, and SMEs in particular, may not have the technical capability to explicitly state their service needs or expectations or to assess risks. This paper highlights some of the unseen technical hurdles faced by SMEs in selecting and identifying software-as-a-service offerings. The research was undertaken through an analysis of providers considered by businesses, the expertise the businesses sought, and an ethnographic observation of a service selection. The results are used to propose indicative success dimensions for cloud service selection and a need for more detailed research to support SME in service selection
{"title":"Success Dimensions in Selecting Cloud Software Services","authors":"Francis Braithwaite, M. Woodman","doi":"10.1109/SEAA.2011.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2011.30","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing is promoted by providers as a service offering to satisfy the modern information system needs of the business stakeholder. These services are presented in a way that can be elastic, scalable, cost-effective and delivered via the internet on a pay-for-usage pricing model. These services are now within the grasp of the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME). Businesses in general, and SMEs in particular, may not have the technical capability to explicitly state their service needs or expectations or to assess risks. This paper highlights some of the unseen technical hurdles faced by SMEs in selecting and identifying software-as-a-service offerings. The research was undertaken through an analysis of providers considered by businesses, the expertise the businesses sought, and an ethnographic observation of a service selection. The results are used to propose indicative success dimensions for cloud service selection and a need for more detailed research to support SME in service selection","PeriodicalId":107972,"journal":{"name":"2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128824618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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