The physico-chemical properties of groundwater and its plausible health threats are of enormous significance at the current situation worldwide. The present research work determines the degree of pollution in addition to accompanied health menaces to the local inhabitants at Aiho village of Malda district, West Bengal, India. In the present study wetlands and groundwater sources in the locale vicinity have been associated with common health issues among the local populace who consume aquatic animals and drink groundwater is a cause for concern. In view of that, overall 17 samples of groundwater were selected from distinct sources from the studied village. The physico-chemical analysis results in presence of various ions like Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and few elements; Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) in the samples. Few ions; Ca2+, Mg2+ and F- are detected to surpass the acceptable border in some investigated samples. Some physical parameters; pH and TH were not found to be within the allowable range but TDS range was suitable for all the samples. Excess amount of different elements in the groundwater samples results in health threats to local inhabitants, though, the hazards due to Mn and Zn are inconsequential. Since water quality index (WQI) signifies the excellence of surface as well as ground water especially water used for domestic purpose, WQI was measured ranging from 69.29682 to 175.40829 for the experimental samples indicating good to poor quality but not excellent or very poor to unsuitable for domestic use. Further, Dermal acquaintance was found to be quiet hazardous for all occupants, however, the oral contact was supposed to be precarious to some extent. Children and youths are prone to both the ions NO3- and F- as contaminants, and adult persons are affected by NO3- pollutants comparatively.
{"title":"Groundwater Contamination in Perspective of Different Elements, Water Quality Index and Health Implications","authors":"Lovely Sarkar","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The physico-chemical properties of groundwater and its plausible health threats are of enormous significance at the current situation worldwide. The present research work determines the degree of pollution in addition to accompanied health menaces to the local inhabitants at Aiho village of Malda district, West Bengal, India. In the present study wetlands and groundwater sources in the locale vicinity have been associated with common health issues among the local populace who consume aquatic animals and drink groundwater is a cause for concern. In view of that, overall 17 samples of groundwater were selected from distinct sources from the studied village. The physico-chemical analysis results in presence of various ions like Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and few elements; Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) in the samples. Few ions; Ca2+, Mg2+ and F- are detected to surpass the acceptable border in some investigated samples. Some physical parameters; pH and TH were not found to be within the allowable range but TDS range was suitable for all the samples. Excess amount of different elements in the groundwater samples results in health threats to local inhabitants, though, the hazards due to Mn and Zn are inconsequential. Since water quality index (WQI) signifies the excellence of surface as well as ground water especially water used for domestic purpose, WQI was measured ranging from 69.29682 to 175.40829 for the experimental samples indicating good to poor quality but not excellent or very poor to unsuitable for domestic use. Further, Dermal acquaintance was found to be quiet hazardous for all occupants, however, the oral contact was supposed to be precarious to some extent. Children and youths are prone to both the ions NO3- and F- as contaminants, and adult persons are affected by NO3- pollutants comparatively.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) changes are the anthropogenic alteration of the natural landscape. The LULC changes have been generated by a variety of factors, including natural, demographic, and economic ones, which put pressure on the land and had a variety of environmental effects. The transformation in Landscape is affecting the livelihoods of people in numerous ways. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the patterns in land use in order to determine how land should be developed, managed, and planned in order to understand the way it will be utilised in the future. In the present study, Salooni Block of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh was subjected to a first-ever attempt at land-use change detection for the years 2002 and 2022. Satellite imageries of Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) were used for landuse maps of 2002 and 2022 respectively. The classification was completed using a supervised classification technique and the USGS Land use Classification Scheme at Level I classes, including Agricultural Land, Barren Land, Built-up, Forest, Pasture Land, Snow Cover and Waterbody. Furthermore, fifty people aged 50 and above were interviewed to understand the local factors responsible for LU/LC change. The result indicates a rise in the forest cover, which now accounts for 48.2% of the total area. Since 2002, there has been a 2.3-fold rise in built-up land, which is a glaring indication of the pressure on land. The total area of agricultural and pasture land is decreasing, while the percentage of barren land has increased by 2%. To preserve the sustainability and food security of the ecologically vulnerable environment, stringent land use planning needs to be enforced in the mountainous region. The results of the LU/LC dynamics discussed above can be used to establish policies and strategies for restoring and enhancing the sustainability of the environment as well as the carrying capacity of the land.
{"title":"Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Associated Drivers: A Case of Salooni Block of Chamba","authors":"Twinkle Vaid, Sanjay Singh Pathania","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) changes are the anthropogenic alteration of the natural landscape. The LULC changes have been generated by a variety of factors, including natural, demographic, and economic ones, which put pressure on the land and had a variety of environmental effects. The transformation in Landscape is affecting the livelihoods of people in numerous ways. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the patterns in land use in order to determine how land should be developed, managed, and planned in order to understand the way it will be utilised in the future. In the present study, Salooni Block of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh was subjected to a first-ever attempt at land-use change detection for the years 2002 and 2022. Satellite imageries of Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) were used for landuse maps of 2002 and 2022 respectively. The classification was completed using a supervised classification technique and the USGS Land use Classification Scheme at Level I classes, including Agricultural Land, Barren Land, Built-up, Forest, Pasture Land, Snow Cover and Waterbody. Furthermore, fifty people aged 50 and above were interviewed to understand the local factors responsible for LU/LC change. The result indicates a rise in the forest cover, which now accounts for 48.2% of the total area. Since 2002, there has been a 2.3-fold rise in built-up land, which is a glaring indication of the pressure on land. The total area of agricultural and pasture land is decreasing, while the percentage of barren land has increased by 2%. To preserve the sustainability and food security of the ecologically vulnerable environment, stringent land use planning needs to be enforced in the mountainous region. The results of the LU/LC dynamics discussed above can be used to establish policies and strategies for restoring and enhancing the sustainability of the environment as well as the carrying capacity of the land.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tantsyrev, S. Shobairi, Vladimir А. Usol’tsev, Lingxiao Sun, Haiyan Zhang, Chunlan Li, He Jing, Samira Hemmati Roudbari, B. Beirami, Qirghizbek Ayombekov
Forest ecology faces a significant challenge in understanding the dynamics of populations of forest-forming trees during their renewal phase, as it shapes the subsequent development and structure of forest ecosystems. The forest regeneration process relies on the dynamics of the seed yield of the woody plants and the unique characteristics of their distribution. In the case of the Cembrae sp. five-needled pines belonging, which have wingless seeds, their renewal is closely linked to the activities of Nucifraga sp. birds that scatter the seeds to create food reserves in the soil. This research aims to explore the geographical variations of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) natural regeneration as a function of seed abundance. This study was conducted in three Russian mountain regions known for their forests predominated by Pinus sibirica: the Aldan Highlands, the Northern Urals, and the Khamar-Daban Mountains. It was discovered that each region exhibited distinct patterns in both cone yields and Pinus sibirica regeneration. The fluctuations in the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) populations during the seed harvest season, influenced by the nature of the seed production dynamics in each region, we believed to play a major role in the quantity of Pinus sibirica seedlings appearing in the subsequent year. These findings explain the observed variations in the renewal dynamics of annual emergent seedlings of Pinus sibirica and its reliance on cone yield in the examined regions.
森林生态学面临着一项重大挑战，即如何理解成林树木种群在更新阶段的动态，因为它影响着森林生态系统的后续发展和结构。森林更新过程依赖于木本植物种子产量的动态变化及其分布的独特性。五针松属（Cembrae sp.）的种子没有翅膀，它们的再生与 Nucifraga sp.鸟类的活动密切相关，这些鸟类散播种子，在土壤中形成食物储备。本研究旨在探索西伯利亚石松（Pinus sibirica Du Tour）自然再生的地理差异与种子丰度的关系。这项研究在俄罗斯三个以西伯利亚石松森林著称的山区进行：阿尔丹高原、北乌拉尔和哈马尔-达班山脉。研究发现，每个地区的锥栗产量和西伯利亚红松再生都呈现出不同的模式。我们认为，在种子收获季节，薄嘴胡桃夹（Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.）种群数量的波动受每个地区种子生产动态性质的影响，对第二年出现的西伯利亚红松幼苗数量起着重要作用。这些发现解释了所观察到的西伯利亚红松年出苗更新动态的变化及其对考察地区锥果产量的依赖。
{"title":"Geographical Peculiarities of Pinus sibirica Du Tour Natural Regeneration as Related to its Seed Crops","authors":"N. Tantsyrev, S. Shobairi, Vladimir А. Usol’tsev, Lingxiao Sun, Haiyan Zhang, Chunlan Li, He Jing, Samira Hemmati Roudbari, B. Beirami, Qirghizbek Ayombekov","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Forest ecology faces a significant challenge in understanding the dynamics of populations of forest-forming trees during their renewal phase, as it shapes the subsequent development and structure of forest ecosystems. The forest regeneration process relies on the dynamics of the seed yield of the woody plants and the unique characteristics of their distribution. In the case of the Cembrae sp. five-needled pines belonging, which have wingless seeds, their renewal is closely linked to the activities of Nucifraga sp. birds that scatter the seeds to create food reserves in the soil. This research aims to explore the geographical variations of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) natural regeneration as a function of seed abundance. This study was conducted in three Russian mountain regions known for their forests predominated by Pinus sibirica: the Aldan Highlands, the Northern Urals, and the Khamar-Daban Mountains. It was discovered that each region exhibited distinct patterns in both cone yields and Pinus sibirica regeneration. The fluctuations in the thin-billed nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos Brehm C. L.) populations during the seed harvest season, influenced by the nature of the seed production dynamics in each region, we believed to play a major role in the quantity of Pinus sibirica seedlings appearing in the subsequent year. These findings explain the observed variations in the renewal dynamics of annual emergent seedlings of Pinus sibirica and its reliance on cone yield in the examined regions.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the groundwater quality in the Bhopal district, located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. The water quality parameters spatial distribution map is created using QGIS Desktop 3.22.16. The research aims to calculate the groundwater suitability for purposes of drinking by collecting 47 samples from various locations within the district. The analysis includes eleven parameters related to groundwater quality, which is pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Calcium Hardness, Total Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Sulphate, and Iron. Water Quality Index (WQI) has been computed to classify the ground water quality of the study area. Finally, a correlation matrix has been generated to explore the linear relationships between various water quality parameters, using correlation coefficients (r) as indicators of association. The present study shows that almost 80% of the quality is suitable for drinking, and about 20 % of the quality are under poor quality that needs treatment before consumption and at two locations the quality is very poor that needs urgent treatment.
{"title":"Mapping of Physicochemical Properties of Groundwater Using QGIS of Bhopal District of Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"Rajshekhar Kumar, Shailza Verma","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the groundwater quality in the Bhopal district, located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. The water quality parameters spatial distribution map is created using QGIS Desktop 3.22.16. The research aims to calculate the groundwater suitability for purposes of drinking by collecting 47 samples from various locations within the district. The analysis includes eleven parameters related to groundwater quality, which is pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Calcium Hardness, Total Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Sulphate, and Iron. Water Quality Index (WQI) has been computed to classify the ground water quality of the study area. Finally, a correlation matrix has been generated to explore the linear relationships between various water quality parameters, using correlation coefficients (r) as indicators of association. The present study shows that almost 80% of the quality is suitable for drinking, and about 20 % of the quality are under poor quality that needs treatment before consumption and at two locations the quality is very poor that needs urgent treatment.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the Gangetic Plain of India has witnessed a noticeable decline in the number of rainy days48. This study explores this phenomenon by analysing meteorological data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), specifically utilizing the IMD's grid with a resolution of 0.25 degrees by 0.25 degrees dataset. Through rigorous data analysis and statistical methods, we reveal a significant and quantifiable reduction in how frequently rainy days in49 this agriculturally crucial region. We calculated the rainy days decadal-wise that is 1901-10 to 2011-20 and found the decrease in rainy days. This declination in rainy days is more in the month of August (sen’s slope = -0.125) while June and September have less while July has no such declination type trends(sen’s slope = 0.0). This decline in rainy days has raised concerns about its potential impact on agriculture, water resources, and the livelihoods of the millions of people dependent on the Gangetic Plain's agrarian sector. Also, we found that the eastern part of Gangetic Plain receives more amount of rain while the western part less. So, this study emphasizes the need to comprehend how climate change is affecting rainfall patterns and the necessity of taking proactive steps to solve the problems brought about by fewer rainy days in the Gangetic Plain48.
{"title":"Trends in the Rainfall Pattern Over the Gangetic Plain","authors":"Devendra Kumar Tiwari, P. Parth Sarthi","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Gangetic Plain of India has witnessed a noticeable decline in the number of rainy days48. This study explores this phenomenon by analysing meteorological data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), specifically utilizing the IMD's grid with a resolution of 0.25 degrees by 0.25 degrees dataset. Through rigorous data analysis and statistical methods, we reveal a significant and quantifiable reduction in how frequently rainy days in49 this agriculturally crucial region. We calculated the rainy days decadal-wise that is 1901-10 to 2011-20 and found the decrease in rainy days. This declination in rainy days is more in the month of August (sen’s slope = -0.125) while June and September have less while July has no such declination type trends(sen’s slope = 0.0). This decline in rainy days has raised concerns about its potential impact on agriculture, water resources, and the livelihoods of the millions of people dependent on the Gangetic Plain's agrarian sector. Also, we found that the eastern part of Gangetic Plain receives more amount of rain while the western part less. So, this study emphasizes the need to comprehend how climate change is affecting rainfall patterns and the necessity of taking proactive steps to solve the problems brought about by fewer rainy days in the Gangetic Plain48.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meena P Sarwade, Santhosh A Shinde, Vaishali S Patil
For a variety of industries, including agriculture, water resource management, and flood forecasting, accurate rainfall prediction is crucial. The purpose of this research work is to improve rainfall forecast system by employing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based system. The LSTM utilized in the aforementioned study made predictions by using meteorological input variables such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Numerous elements affect the LSTM network's performance, such as the kind and volume of data, the suitability of the model architecture, and the tuning of hyperparameters. The dataset used for model training spans from January 2015 to December 2021 and includes rainfall data collected from the Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Shenda Park, Kolhapur. Prior to model training, the input data undergoes rigorous preprocessing. This preprocessing involves data correction, achieved through moving averages, followed by feature scaling and normalization methods. These steps are crucial to align the dataset with the unique capabilities of the LSTM model. The total dataset has a R squared (R2) value 0.23517 and a mean squared error (MSE) value 92.1839, according to the simulated findings. These metrics affirm the robust performance of the LSTM model, suggesting a high probability of accurate rainfall predictions, particularly in non-linear and complex scenarios. Decision-makers in flood predictions, agriculture, and water resource management will find the knowledge gathered from this study to be useful. They emphasize how crucial it is to use cutting-edge techniques like LSTM to increase rainfall forecast accuracy and guide strategic planning in associated industries.
{"title":"Predictive Modeling of Extreme Weather Forecasting Events: an LSTM Approach","authors":"Meena P Sarwade, Santhosh A Shinde, Vaishali S Patil","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"For a variety of industries, including agriculture, water resource management, and flood forecasting, accurate rainfall prediction is crucial. The purpose of this research work is to improve rainfall forecast system by employing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based system. The LSTM utilized in the aforementioned study made predictions by using meteorological input variables such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Numerous elements affect the LSTM network's performance, such as the kind and volume of data, the suitability of the model architecture, and the tuning of hyperparameters. The dataset used for model training spans from January 2015 to December 2021 and includes rainfall data collected from the Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Shenda Park, Kolhapur. Prior to model training, the input data undergoes rigorous preprocessing. This preprocessing involves data correction, achieved through moving averages, followed by feature scaling and normalization methods. These steps are crucial to align the dataset with the unique capabilities of the LSTM model. The total dataset has a R squared (R2) value 0.23517 and a mean squared error (MSE) value 92.1839, according to the simulated findings. These metrics affirm the robust performance of the LSTM model, suggesting a high probability of accurate rainfall predictions, particularly in non-linear and complex scenarios. Decision-makers in flood predictions, agriculture, and water resource management will find the knowledge gathered from this study to be useful. They emphasize how crucial it is to use cutting-edge techniques like LSTM to increase rainfall forecast accuracy and guide strategic planning in associated industries.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the assessment of indoor air quality becomes quite significant owing to the extensive residing time spent by people at work place or at office. Keeping this in mind, this study aims at determining concentrations of selected anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and crustal origin metals (Ca and Fe) in 47 dust samples obtained from indoor environment of houses in the industrial Kota city, India in summer months (March, April and May, 2022) and October 2022 under meteorological influence. On looking at the comparative concentration of the studied anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) Zn is found to be in highest concentration followed by Pb, Cu and Cd respectively. During summer season, meteorological parameters such as speed and direction of wind, relative humidity, temperature have been observed which are found to affect the concentration of metals. The wind rose indicates the sampling sites facing predominant North wind direction (21.20%) from point source Kota Thermal Power Plant (KTPP) in summer were closest to the source and hence encountered the highest metal burden. It is inferred from Enrichment factor, Pearson’s correlations and principal component analysis that coal burning at Kota Thermal Power Plant is the major source of heavy metal burden accompanied by other anthropogenic actions in the study area.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust in the Vicinity of Kota Thermal Power Plant under Meteorological Influence at an Industrial City","authors":"Bharat Singh Meena, Chetan Meena, Priyank Singh Hada, Uttra Chandrawat, Manju Meena","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the assessment of indoor air quality becomes quite significant owing to the extensive residing time spent by people at work place or at office. Keeping this in mind, this study aims at determining concentrations of selected anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and crustal origin metals (Ca and Fe) in 47 dust samples obtained from indoor environment of houses in the industrial Kota city, India in summer months (March, April and May, 2022) and October 2022 under meteorological influence. On looking at the comparative concentration of the studied anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) Zn is found to be in highest concentration followed by Pb, Cu and Cd respectively. During summer season, meteorological parameters such as speed and direction of wind, relative humidity, temperature have been observed which are found to affect the concentration of metals. The wind rose indicates the sampling sites facing predominant North wind direction (21.20%) from point source Kota Thermal Power Plant (KTPP) in summer were closest to the source and hence encountered the highest metal burden. It is inferred from Enrichment factor, Pearson’s correlations and principal component analysis that coal burning at Kota Thermal Power Plant is the major source of heavy metal burden accompanied by other anthropogenic actions in the study area.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Karmakar, Kaustav Mondal, Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
As per the present trend, earth may experience severe hike in temperature by 2040. Therefore, global surveillance is required to combat against the upcoming climatic extremities. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are part of the key pressing issues which can affect millions of people worldwide. Wastewater associated metagenomic data representing the wastewater samples collected from sewer networks in Newcastle (United Kingdom); Zimbabwe (Africa) and West Bengal (India), available in public databases were collected. It was observed that of the top 10 abundant genera, the prevalent genera in samples from United Kingdom, Africa, India were Desulfitobacterium, Prevotella, Sulfurospirillum respectively. By comparing all the three samples under study; it was observed that three microbial genera Bacteroides, Dechloromonas and Faecalibacterium were common throughout the samples. Metagenome-wide association studies were conducted to link microbes in the sample to the host disorders. Our study could predict overexpression of several enriched pathways like Vancomycin resistance, Platinum drug resistance across the samples. These findings prove efficacies of the community genomics approach to serve as a public health monitoring tool through detection of spatial variation as well as degree of commonness in wastewater bacterial profiles and also through the prediction of the pathogenic quantum of wastewater systems.
{"title":"Metaanalysis of Public Wastewater Metagenomes: Revealing the Influence of Climatic Variations on the Abundance of the Bacterial Members","authors":"R. Karmakar, Kaustav Mondal, Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"As per the present trend, earth may experience severe hike in temperature by 2040. Therefore, global surveillance is required to combat against the upcoming climatic extremities. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are part of the key pressing issues which can affect millions of people worldwide. Wastewater associated metagenomic data representing the wastewater samples collected from sewer networks in Newcastle (United Kingdom); Zimbabwe (Africa) and West Bengal (India), available in public databases were collected. It was observed that of the top 10 abundant genera, the prevalent genera in samples from United Kingdom, Africa, India were Desulfitobacterium, Prevotella, Sulfurospirillum respectively. By comparing all the three samples under study; it was observed that three microbial genera Bacteroides, Dechloromonas and Faecalibacterium were common throughout the samples. Metagenome-wide association studies were conducted to link microbes in the sample to the host disorders. Our study could predict overexpression of several enriched pathways like Vancomycin resistance, Platinum drug resistance across the samples. These findings prove efficacies of the community genomics approach to serve as a public health monitoring tool through detection of spatial variation as well as degree of commonness in wastewater bacterial profiles and also through the prediction of the pathogenic quantum of wastewater systems.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. K. Suja, S Almaas, A Prasanna Gracy, P Gowsika, K Jeyapradeepa, G Suba Sri, S Mathiya, K Berlin Asha
Water is an indispensable need for the survival of living ecosystems. Industrialization and urbanization gifted a sophisticated life as well as a polluted environment. Water is getting polluted by various means like human activities, industries, and sewage. One of the serious issues around the globe in the upcoming days is heavy metal pollution. A voluminous amount of heavy metals are let into the environment from various sources like agricultural, industry, sewage, and mining. It causes adverse effects on the environment and human beings when the heavy metals concentration is beyond the expected permissible limit. Innovative processes are developing day by day for the operational deletion of heavy metals. This review article provides a consolidated report of the treatment techniques used for heavy metals removal of with excellent efficiency like precipitation, ion-exchange process, adsorption, solvent extraction, electrocoagulation and membrane processes.
{"title":"Contamination of Water by Heavy Metals and Treatment Methods – A Review","authors":"S. K. Suja, S Almaas, A Prasanna Gracy, P Gowsika, K Jeyapradeepa, G Suba Sri, S Mathiya, K Berlin Asha","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Water is an indispensable need for the survival of living ecosystems. Industrialization and urbanization gifted a sophisticated life as well as a polluted environment. Water is getting polluted by various means like human activities, industries, and sewage. One of the serious issues around the globe in the upcoming days is heavy metal pollution. A voluminous amount of heavy metals are let into the environment from various sources like agricultural, industry, sewage, and mining. It causes adverse effects on the environment and human beings when the heavy metals concentration is beyond the expected permissible limit. Innovative processes are developing day by day for the operational deletion of heavy metals. This review article provides a consolidated report of the treatment techniques used for heavy metals removal of with excellent efficiency like precipitation, ion-exchange process, adsorption, solvent extraction, electrocoagulation and membrane processes.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers have taken an interest in finding crop species as alternative sources of nonconventional energy as fossil fuels or petroleum-derived fuels are quickly being reduced with the economic and political development and increasing use of automobiles. Hence, there is a scarcity of petroleum-derived fuels and industrial feedstock it has become essential to search for renewable sources of organic compounds. Solar energy is transformed into a by-product by green plants which are at par with synthetic petrochemicals. Pedilanthus tithymaloides L. Poit (Euphorbiaceae) has considerable potential as hydrocarbon yielding plant with its pharmacognostic properties also. Analysis of latex has revealed the presence of a large number of secondary metabolites. Extraction of bio crude was done in hexane using Soxhlet apparatus followed by column chromatography using solvents serially on the basis of their increasing polarity. The solvents used were hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and chloroform in a sequence. Twenty-one fractions were collected from the extract and analysis of fractions was done using GLC. Fraction obtained in hexane: benzene (1:1) showed four major peaks at retention time 4.90, 5.10, 6.76 and 8.86 minutes at chart speed 1.0 cm/per minute. Fraction obtained in benzene and fraction obtained in benzene: ethyl acetate in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 showed various peaks. Major peaks obtained were at 2.98, 4.36, 5.71, 6.79, 8.76 and 9.11 minutes at chart speed.1.0 cm/min. in the fraction obtained in pure ethyl acetate. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed flavonoid, triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones in all the three varieties of Pedilanthus tithymaloides i.e. var. green, cuculatus and variegates.
{"title":"Phytochemical Estimation of the Biocrude of Pedilanthus tithymaloides- A Petrocrop with Pharmacognostic Properties","authors":"Anshu Rani","doi":"10.12944/cwe.19.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have taken an interest in finding crop species as alternative sources of nonconventional energy as fossil fuels or petroleum-derived fuels are quickly being reduced with the economic and political development and increasing use of automobiles. Hence, there is a scarcity of petroleum-derived fuels and industrial feedstock it has become essential to search for renewable sources of organic compounds. Solar energy is transformed into a by-product by green plants which are at par with synthetic petrochemicals. Pedilanthus tithymaloides L. Poit (Euphorbiaceae) has considerable potential as hydrocarbon yielding plant with its pharmacognostic properties also. Analysis of latex has revealed the presence of a large number of secondary metabolites. Extraction of bio crude was done in hexane using Soxhlet apparatus followed by column chromatography using solvents serially on the basis of their increasing polarity. The solvents used were hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and chloroform in a sequence. Twenty-one fractions were collected from the extract and analysis of fractions was done using GLC. Fraction obtained in hexane: benzene (1:1) showed four major peaks at retention time 4.90, 5.10, 6.76 and 8.86 minutes at chart speed 1.0 cm/per minute. Fraction obtained in benzene and fraction obtained in benzene: ethyl acetate in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 showed various peaks. Major peaks obtained were at 2.98, 4.36, 5.71, 6.79, 8.76 and 9.11 minutes at chart speed.1.0 cm/min. in the fraction obtained in pure ethyl acetate. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plants revealed flavonoid, triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones in all the three varieties of Pedilanthus tithymaloides i.e. var. green, cuculatus and variegates.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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