{"title":"Need to Focus on Nitrogen Pollution Control","authors":"U. Kulshrestha","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic waste is becoming a burgeoning problem for countries worldwide. The increasing waste streams are entering the ecosystem and further deteriorating the health of citizens worldwide. An emerging economy like India, which offers a key market for electronic devices, shares a greater concern for appropriate e-waste management practices. The present study focuses on the growth of academic literature in this field and its future direction. It utilizes the PRISMA method of systematically analyzing the literature in the field. It reports increased publications and the major countries generating this academic data. It also highlights the prominent studies in the field and the conclusions derived. A systematic literature review utilized VOS viewer software and Atlas Ti for generating bibliometric images. The review finally suggests the broader theme areas covered in this domain and the research direction researchers in the field may explore.
电子废物正成为世界各国面临的一个日益严重的问题。不断增加的废物流正在进入生态系统，进一步恶化全球公民的健康。像印度这样的新兴经济体，是电子设备的主要市场，因此对电子废物的适当管理方法也更加关注。本研究侧重于该领域学术文献的增长及其未来发展方向。它采用 PRISMA 方法对该领域的文献进行了系统分析。它报告了出版物的增长情况以及产生这些学术数据的主要国家。报告还重点介绍了该领域的重要研究和得出的结论。系统性文献综述利用 VOS 浏览器软件和 Atlas Ti 生成文献计量图像。综述最后提出了该领域涵盖的更广泛的主题领域以及该领域研究人员可能探索的研究方向。
{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Electronic Waste Management: Issues and Challenges","authors":"Shwetaa Sharma, Anil Mehta, Smita Sharma","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic waste is becoming a burgeoning problem for countries worldwide. The increasing waste streams are entering the ecosystem and further deteriorating the health of citizens worldwide. An emerging economy like India, which offers a key market for electronic devices, shares a greater concern for appropriate e-waste management practices. The present study focuses on the growth of academic literature in this field and its future direction. It utilizes the PRISMA method of systematically analyzing the literature in the field. It reports increased publications and the major countries generating this academic data. It also highlights the prominent studies in the field and the conclusions derived. A systematic literature review utilized VOS viewer software and Atlas Ti for generating bibliometric images. The review finally suggests the broader theme areas covered in this domain and the research direction researchers in the field may explore.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) as well as on the genesis of surface heat islands in urban areas during two different time periods was assessed in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. Landsat TM, Landsat OLI and TIRS imagery from the years 1988 and 2020 were employed to scrutinize the relationship between NDVI and LST. The area covered under different NDVI classes were quantified. The finding indicated that NDVI of the research region decreased from 0.77 in 1988 to 0.59 in 2020, resulting in an increase in LSTmax from 34.46 °C in 1988 to 40.63 °C in 2020. Decrease in NDVI resulted in an increase in the high UHI class from 20.83 km2 in 1988 to 660.59 km2 and from 7.26 km2 to 181.35km2 in the very high UHI class. An inverse relationship was observed between NDVI and LST, with Pearson coefficients of 0.5737 and 0.5199 for 1988 and 2020, respectively, which indicates that NDVI could serve as a crucial metric for evaluating LST and UHI effects. Future research will explore the effect of seasonal variability in LULCC on LST, day and night time UHI and their impacts on human health and energy consumption.
{"title":"Bi-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Index on Land Surface Temperature in Kottayam, Kerala","authors":"Vijayakumar Anitha, Marimuthu Prashanthi Devi, Duraisamy Prabha","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) as well as on the genesis of surface heat islands in urban areas during two different time periods was assessed in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. Landsat TM, Landsat OLI and TIRS imagery from the years 1988 and 2020 were employed to scrutinize the relationship between NDVI and LST. The area covered under different NDVI classes were quantified. The finding indicated that NDVI of the research region decreased from 0.77 in 1988 to 0.59 in 2020, resulting in an increase in LSTmax from 34.46 °C in 1988 to 40.63 °C in 2020. Decrease in NDVI resulted in an increase in the high UHI class from 20.83 km2 in 1988 to 660.59 km2 and from 7.26 km2 to 181.35km2 in the very high UHI class. An inverse relationship was observed between NDVI and LST, with Pearson coefficients of 0.5737 and 0.5199 for 1988 and 2020, respectively, which indicates that NDVI could serve as a crucial metric for evaluating LST and UHI effects. Future research will explore the effect of seasonal variability in LULCC on LST, day and night time UHI and their impacts on human health and energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refrigeration and air conditioning systems play a vital role in our modern society, and refrigerants are integral components of these systems. Traditional refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have caused significant environmental concerns because of their role in ozone depletion and global warming. Consequently, interest has increased in developing and implementing environmentally benign refrigerants possessing minimal global warming potential (GWP) and no ozone depletion potential (ODP). This review explores the emerging field of environment-friendly refrigerants such as natural refrigerants (NH3, CO2, hydrocarbons), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with ultra-low GWP, hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and mixtures or blends of these refrigerants. The article also compares their thermophysical, thermodynamic, environmental and safety properties, and their suitability for different applications. The key recommendations encompass the promotion of natural refrigerants, including NH3, CO2, and hydrocarbons, exhibit minimal environmental effects. Additionally, the exploration of HFOs and HFCs with ultra-low GWP and their mixtures as potential substitutes is advised. Transitioning to environment-friendly refrigerants is essential for achieving sustainable refrigeration and air conditioning systems, mitigating climate change, and ensuring the long-term viability of cooling technologies while preserving the environment.
{"title":"Environment-Friendly Refrigerants for Sustainable Refrigeration and Air Conditioning: A Review","authors":"S. S. Bhatti, Ajay Kumar, Reetu R, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Refrigeration and air conditioning systems play a vital role in our modern society, and refrigerants are integral components of these systems. Traditional refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have caused significant environmental concerns because of their role in ozone depletion and global warming. Consequently, interest has increased in developing and implementing environmentally benign refrigerants possessing minimal global warming potential (GWP) and no ozone depletion potential (ODP). This review explores the emerging field of environment-friendly refrigerants such as natural refrigerants (NH3, CO2, hydrocarbons), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with ultra-low GWP, hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and mixtures or blends of these refrigerants. The article also compares their thermophysical, thermodynamic, environmental and safety properties, and their suitability for different applications. The key recommendations encompass the promotion of natural refrigerants, including NH3, CO2, and hydrocarbons, exhibit minimal environmental effects. Additionally, the exploration of HFOs and HFCs with ultra-low GWP and their mixtures as potential substitutes is advised. Transitioning to environment-friendly refrigerants is essential for achieving sustainable refrigeration and air conditioning systems, mitigating climate change, and ensuring the long-term viability of cooling technologies while preserving the environment.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John D Costa, Harshad Patel, Vincent Braganza, Hiteshkumar A Solanki
As the greatest threat to humanity since the Black Death of 1929, the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be the worst and most terrible world-wide health catastrophe of the century. This pandemic has significantly altered the demographics, and ordinary economic activity ceased to save human lives. Although the limited economy has helped to create an environmentally friendly atmosphere, it additionally brought about a significant problem with biomedical waste. This review paper covers the various steps, initiatives, methods, and techniques to degrade biomedical waste(BMW) from hospitals, clinics, production units, workplaces, homes, and laboratories due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the narrative review was to identify how the crisis impacted existing practices of biomedical waste management and adherence to overarching policy frameworks, along with the changes that were initiated in the same. We have reviewed a range of statutory norms, techniques, and methods used to dispose of biomedical waste appropriately during the pandemic. A big challenge to the world today is to dispose of them properly, without promulgating the infection in the immediate and larger environment. The results of the review show that there were definitive changes in the way BMW management practices were followed before and after the pandemic, along with overarching changes in statutory regulations and policy frameworks around these practices. The study also puts forth reasoning behind these changes and recommends a direction and context for the same in order to help prepare for another crisis while reducing the environmental impact of BMW.
作为自 1929 年黑死病以来人类面临的最大威胁，COVID-19 大流行病被认为是本世纪最严重、最可怕的世界性健康灾难。这种大流行病极大地改变了人口结构，普通的经济活动已经停止，无法挽救人类的生命。虽然有限的经济有助于营造环保氛围，但也带来了生物医学废物的严重问题。本综述文件介绍了因 COVID-19 大流行而从医院、诊所、生产单位、工作场所、家庭和实验室产生的生物医疗废物（BMW）降解的各种步骤、举措、方法和技术。叙述性审查的目的是确定危机如何影响现有的生物医疗废物管理实践和对总体政策框架的遵守，以及在此基础上发起的变革。我们回顾了大流行期间用于妥善处理生物医疗废物的一系列法定规范、技术和方法。当今世界面临的一个巨大挑战是如何妥善处理这些废物，同时又不在周围和更大的环境中造成感染。审查结果表明，在大流行前后，BMW 的管理方式发生了明显的变化，围绕这些管理方式的法规和政策框架也发生了重大变化。研究还提出了这些变化背后的原因，并建议了相同的方向和背景，以帮助为另一场危机做好准备，同时减少 BMW 对环境的影响。
{"title":"Impact of a Crisis on Waste Management Policy Adherence And Practices - A Narrative Review of Bio-Medical Waste Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"John D Costa, Harshad Patel, Vincent Braganza, Hiteshkumar A Solanki","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"As the greatest threat to humanity since the Black Death of 1929, the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be the worst and most terrible world-wide health catastrophe of the century. This pandemic has significantly altered the demographics, and ordinary economic activity ceased to save human lives. Although the limited economy has helped to create an environmentally friendly atmosphere, it additionally brought about a significant problem with biomedical waste. This review paper covers the various steps, initiatives, methods, and techniques to degrade biomedical waste(BMW) from hospitals, clinics, production units, workplaces, homes, and laboratories due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the narrative review was to identify how the crisis impacted existing practices of biomedical waste management and adherence to overarching policy frameworks, along with the changes that were initiated in the same. We have reviewed a range of statutory norms, techniques, and methods used to dispose of biomedical waste appropriately during the pandemic. A big challenge to the world today is to dispose of them properly, without promulgating the infection in the immediate and larger environment. The results of the review show that there were definitive changes in the way BMW management practices were followed before and after the pandemic, along with overarching changes in statutory regulations and policy frameworks around these practices. The study also puts forth reasoning behind these changes and recommends a direction and context for the same in order to help prepare for another crisis while reducing the environmental impact of BMW.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satish A Patil, Amit R Patil, V. N. Chougule, S. Sanamdikar
The primary focus of this study was the development of a solar panel cleaning machine intended for the maintenance of photovoltaic solar panels after their installation. The study also encompassed detailed analysis of this machine. The accumulation of dust particles on solar panels presents a significant challenge, as it jeopardizes the optimal functionality of these panels. By obstructing crucial sunlight, dust diminishes the panels' electricity production capacity, consequently reducing overall efficiency. Moreover, this dust accumulation poses a threat to the integral electrical components of the panels, potentially causing harm to the embedded silicon wafers through overheating if left unaddressed. This situation escalates the necessity for post-installation maintenance and escalates associated repair costs. In response to these challenges, a novel automated mechanism for cleaning solar panels is introduced in this paper, effectively eliminating dust particles. The analytical findings strongly indicate that consistent and periodic cleaning of panels can uphold a stable rate of electricity generation within the power production system. This innovative system design empowers users to effortlessly operate the machine in less time, all the while delivering superior cleaning performance when compared to conventional manual methods. To establish a competitive edge in the market, it is imperative that the proposed system presents a cost-effective solution, evaluated in relation to the number of panels cleaned. Consequently, for the purpose of testing the proposed system, a solar installation was meticulously designed and implemented at PDEA’s College of Engineering in Manjari, (Bk.) Pune, Maharashtra, India. This location was deliberately selected as the experimental site to facilitate comprehensive investigations of the requisite design metrics. The prototype was subsequently simulated within this real-world system. This cleaning system utilizes high-quality microfiber cloth to effectively remove dust from panel surfaces without the need for water, making it suitable for arid areas. Additionally, provisions have been included for a water sprinkler to address stubborn stains like bird droppings that cannot be removed solely with the cloth. The overall impact of this mechanism will result in an increased rated power output from the panels, which had previously been compromised due to the mentioned issues.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Automated Solar Panel Cleaning System","authors":"Satish A Patil, Amit R Patil, V. N. Chougule, S. Sanamdikar","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The primary focus of this study was the development of a solar panel cleaning machine intended for the maintenance of photovoltaic solar panels after their installation. The study also encompassed detailed analysis of this machine. The accumulation of dust particles on solar panels presents a significant challenge, as it jeopardizes the optimal functionality of these panels. By obstructing crucial sunlight, dust diminishes the panels' electricity production capacity, consequently reducing overall efficiency. Moreover, this dust accumulation poses a threat to the integral electrical components of the panels, potentially causing harm to the embedded silicon wafers through overheating if left unaddressed. This situation escalates the necessity for post-installation maintenance and escalates associated repair costs. In response to these challenges, a novel automated mechanism for cleaning solar panels is introduced in this paper, effectively eliminating dust particles. The analytical findings strongly indicate that consistent and periodic cleaning of panels can uphold a stable rate of electricity generation within the power production system. This innovative system design empowers users to effortlessly operate the machine in less time, all the while delivering superior cleaning performance when compared to conventional manual methods. To establish a competitive edge in the market, it is imperative that the proposed system presents a cost-effective solution, evaluated in relation to the number of panels cleaned. Consequently, for the purpose of testing the proposed system, a solar installation was meticulously designed and implemented at PDEA’s College of Engineering in Manjari, (Bk.) Pune, Maharashtra, India. This location was deliberately selected as the experimental site to facilitate comprehensive investigations of the requisite design metrics. The prototype was subsequently simulated within this real-world system. This cleaning system utilizes high-quality microfiber cloth to effectively remove dust from panel surfaces without the need for water, making it suitable for arid areas. Additionally, provisions have been included for a water sprinkler to address stubborn stains like bird droppings that cannot be removed solely with the cloth. The overall impact of this mechanism will result in an increased rated power output from the panels, which had previously been compromised due to the mentioned issues.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation intended to assess the outcome of haematological factors (WBCs and Hb) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of weight around (80 – 120 g) being exposed to various doses of lead nitrate and the protective role of Vitamin C in response to lead nitrate changes were studied. Chemicals (or elements) known as heavy metals are discharged into the surrounding environment as a consequence of commercial and industrial use as well as leaks from landfills. They are water-soluble but not biodegradable, and they are frequently firmly bound to proteins and polypeptides, even if previous research has issued warnings. The aquatic ecosystem is still impacted by several activities, changing the temperature and posing health risks to fish. The aquatic ecology becomes unbalanced as a result of heavy metals. Several lead nitrate concentrations were applied to the fish, and after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, (percentage)% mortality was recorded. Throughout the current experimental period, seven distinct concentrations of lead nitrate was used to determine the LC50 of the substance and evaluate its effect on common carp mortality. The lead nitrate concentrations ranged between 10 and 60 mg/l, and each concentration's death rate was determined. Lead nitrate was found to have an LC100 of 60 mg/l. Therefore, it was determined that the acute 96-hour LC50 value for the common carp, the fish used in this experiment, was 35 mg/l (ppm).
{"title":"The Protective Role of Vitamin C on Heamatological (WBC and Hb) Alterations in Commom Carp During Chronic Toxicity of Lead Nitrate","authors":"Musrat Majeed, Rajendra Chauhan, Tehleel Ahmed","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation intended to assess the outcome of haematological factors (WBCs and Hb) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of weight around (80 – 120 g) being exposed to various doses of lead nitrate and the protective role of Vitamin C in response to lead nitrate changes were studied. Chemicals (or elements) known as heavy metals are discharged into the surrounding environment as a consequence of commercial and industrial use as well as leaks from landfills. They are water-soluble but not biodegradable, and they are frequently firmly bound to proteins and polypeptides, even if previous research has issued warnings. The aquatic ecosystem is still impacted by several activities, changing the temperature and posing health risks to fish. The aquatic ecology becomes unbalanced as a result of heavy metals. Several lead nitrate concentrations were applied to the fish, and after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, (percentage)% mortality was recorded. Throughout the current experimental period, seven distinct concentrations of lead nitrate was used to determine the LC50 of the substance and evaluate its effect on common carp mortality. The lead nitrate concentrations ranged between 10 and 60 mg/l, and each concentration's death rate was determined. Lead nitrate was found to have an LC100 of 60 mg/l. Therefore, it was determined that the acute 96-hour LC50 value for the common carp, the fish used in this experiment, was 35 mg/l (ppm).","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Pariyej Community Reservoir (PCR) is a freshwater reservoir in the Kheda district of Gujarat State, India. The PCR is also listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands. It is an important water storage reservoir; falls in the 4-B Gujarat Rajwara region of Central Gujarat, India. The present study was carried out for the period of one year (March, 2021 to February, 2022) to assess the status of avian diversity in terms of its species richness, abundance, and density. 116 bird species from 20 orders, 51 families, and 100 genera were documented. 75 species (64.4%) were resident, whereas 41 (35.3%) were migratory or seasonal. With respect to abundance, 41species (35.34%) were abundant, 39 species (33.6%) common, and 36 rare species (31.0%). The maximum total abundance (1707 individuals) was found at Site 1 in winter season with mean abundance of 427 individuals, total density (114 individuals/sq.km)and mean density (29 individuals/sq.km). The minimum total abundance (288 individuals) was recorded at Site2 in monsoon season with mean abundance of 72 individuals, total density (19individuals/sq.km) and mean density (5 individuals/sq.km).The present investigation reflects the good species richness of avian specieswith respect to order: family: genera: species ratioi.e., 1: 2.55: 5.0: 5.8. This indicates the flourishing harboring capability of PCR during peak winter period, which could be due to sustenance of rich biotic elements. The PCR has been declared as Sanctum sanctorumfor the refuge of migratory as well as local migrant birds, which is proved to be a wetland of national importance.
{"title":"Avian Diversity in and around Wetland of National Importance ‘Pariyej Community Reservoir’, Gujarat, India","authors":"Hiren J Chaudhari, Hiren B Son","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"The Pariyej Community Reservoir (PCR) is a freshwater reservoir in the Kheda district of Gujarat State, India. The PCR is also listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands. It is an important water storage reservoir; falls in the 4-B Gujarat Rajwara region of Central Gujarat, India. The present study was carried out for the period of one year (March, 2021 to February, 2022) to assess the status of avian diversity in terms of its species richness, abundance, and density. 116 bird species from 20 orders, 51 families, and 100 genera were documented. 75 species (64.4%) were resident, whereas 41 (35.3%) were migratory or seasonal. With respect to abundance, 41species (35.34%) were abundant, 39 species (33.6%) common, and 36 rare species (31.0%). The maximum total abundance (1707 individuals) was found at Site 1 in winter season with mean abundance of 427 individuals, total density (114 individuals/sq.km)and mean density (29 individuals/sq.km). The minimum total abundance (288 individuals) was recorded at Site2 in monsoon season with mean abundance of 72 individuals, total density (19individuals/sq.km) and mean density (5 individuals/sq.km).The present investigation reflects the good species richness of avian specieswith respect to order: family: genera: species ratioi.e., 1: 2.55: 5.0: 5.8. This indicates the flourishing harboring capability of PCR during peak winter period, which could be due to sustenance of rich biotic elements. The PCR has been declared as Sanctum sanctorumfor the refuge of migratory as well as local migrant birds, which is proved to be a wetland of national importance.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay K. Singh, S. K. Bhardwaj, Rajeev Kumar Aggarwal, Sunita Devi, Amit Guleri
Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the seasons of monsoon and post-monsoon in the years 2018-19. Thermotolerant coliforms varied in Most Probable Number from 2-34 per 100 ml water indicating contaminated water sources, densities being significantly more in monsoon months (p< 0.05). Four different coliform morphotypes were obtained from all the sources on Eosin Methylene Blue plates. Of these, the only strain, designated as Nalagarh Water Strain (NGW), was recovered from all sources, suggesting its prevalence. Based upon biochemical and morphological attributes, the strain was recognized as Escherichia coli. Conversely, molecular characterization (16S rRNA ribotyping) identified it as Raoultella planticola (GenBank accession No. MK318824). The strain was deposited in a National Culture Collection Centre, National Centre for Microbial Resources, Pune, Maharashtra (India) with deposition accession number MCC 4064 for future utility in public research activities. Microbiological assessment evinced contaminated drinking water sources, probably causing diarrhoeal diseases. 16S rRNA ribotyping assisted in correct identification of the microorganism.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in an Industrial Hub in Mid-Hills of Northern India","authors":"Ajay K. Singh, S. K. Bhardwaj, Rajeev Kumar Aggarwal, Sunita Devi, Amit Guleri","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the seasons of monsoon and post-monsoon in the years 2018-19. Thermotolerant coliforms varied in Most Probable Number from 2-34 per 100 ml water indicating contaminated water sources, densities being significantly more in monsoon months (p< 0.05). Four different coliform morphotypes were obtained from all the sources on Eosin Methylene Blue plates. Of these, the only strain, designated as Nalagarh Water Strain (NGW), was recovered from all sources, suggesting its prevalence. Based upon biochemical and morphological attributes, the strain was recognized as Escherichia coli. Conversely, molecular characterization (16S rRNA ribotyping) identified it as Raoultella planticola (GenBank accession No. MK318824). The strain was deposited in a National Culture Collection Centre, National Centre for Microbial Resources, Pune, Maharashtra (India) with deposition accession number MCC 4064 for future utility in public research activities. Microbiological assessment evinced contaminated drinking water sources, probably causing diarrhoeal diseases. 16S rRNA ribotyping assisted in correct identification of the microorganism.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study reflects seasonal algal diversity as a source of food for fishes in the river Ichhamati during October 2021 to August 2022. To understand the seasonal algal pattern in the river Ichhamati, physicochemical parameters of river water such as Hardness, Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolve Solids, Turbidity, Dissolve Oxygen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total Alkalinity, Salinity, Biological Oxygen Demand as well as biologically significant inorganic ion concentrations in river water namely sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, chloride were also evaluated during study period. It is found that physico-chemical parameters and inorganic ions in river water play an important and significant role in seasonal algal growth. Throughout the study period it was established that river Ichhamati is not very rich in floral diversity. During study time it was observed that dominant group of algae in this river are Chlophytes, Cyanophytes and Bacilariophyceae, including Species of Oscillatoria Nostoc, Klebsormidium, Spirogyra, Lyngbya, Chlorococcum, Chlorella, Diatoms in all seasons. During spring, summer and monsoon Conductivity, salinity, TDS and hardness of river water is high. Ichhamati contained adequate Na+, K+ and NO3- in summer and monsoon season. High rate of bio-mineralisation during winter was found due to presence of high calcium ion concentration and also high TDS along with high salinity as well as high hardness of river water.
{"title":"Effect of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Inorganic Nutrient Ions in Relation with Seasonal Algal Diversity of River Ichhamati, West Bengal, India.","authors":"Monojit Ray, Suraj Sk","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reflects seasonal algal diversity as a source of food for fishes in the river Ichhamati during October 2021 to August 2022. To understand the seasonal algal pattern in the river Ichhamati, physicochemical parameters of river water such as Hardness, Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolve Solids, Turbidity, Dissolve Oxygen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total Alkalinity, Salinity, Biological Oxygen Demand as well as biologically significant inorganic ion concentrations in river water namely sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, chloride were also evaluated during study period. It is found that physico-chemical parameters and inorganic ions in river water play an important and significant role in seasonal algal growth. Throughout the study period it was established that river Ichhamati is not very rich in floral diversity. During study time it was observed that dominant group of algae in this river are Chlophytes, Cyanophytes and Bacilariophyceae, including Species of Oscillatoria Nostoc, Klebsormidium, Spirogyra, Lyngbya, Chlorococcum, Chlorella, Diatoms in all seasons. During spring, summer and monsoon Conductivity, salinity, TDS and hardness of river water is high. Ichhamati contained adequate Na+, K+ and NO3- in summer and monsoon season. High rate of bio-mineralisation during winter was found due to presence of high calcium ion concentration and also high TDS along with high salinity as well as high hardness of river water.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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