Rainfall is an important variable that governs the climate and hydrological conditions of any region. During the past century, an increase in global emissions of greenhouse gases has caused changes in the patterns of hydro-meteorological conditions across the world. It has resulted in changed patterns and trends of rainfall, causing episodic occurrences of droughts and floods. This increasing variability of rainfall has triggered and intensified extreme events that pose potential future risks under different climate change scenarios. This projected variability may induce drastic changes in the flood affected states like Bihar where even a slightest change in rainfall variability may affect hydrological cycle and agriculture conditions.
{"title":"Long-term Assessment of Precipitation Behaviour in Bihar (1901-2021): Patterns, Trends and Observed Variability","authors":"Manu Raj Sharma, Sukeshi Priya","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall is an important variable that governs the climate and hydrological conditions of any region. During the past century, an increase in global emissions of greenhouse gases has caused changes in the patterns of hydro-meteorological conditions across the world. It has resulted in changed patterns and trends of rainfall, causing episodic occurrences of droughts and floods. This increasing variability of rainfall has triggered and intensified extreme events that pose potential future risks under different climate change scenarios. This projected variability may induce drastic changes in the flood affected states like Bihar where even a slightest change in rainfall variability may affect hydrological cycle and agriculture conditions.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed Thaniem, Anupama Prakash, Muniyandi Muniasamy, Rangasamy Eeshwar, Palanisamy Sundarabalan
Water is an essential part of all living organisms. India is already experiencing the effects of the impending global freshwater crisis in terms of water quantity and quality. The study, which was carried out in a rural village (Villiappally Gramapanchayath) in Kerala, sought to quantify the level of trace elements in the ground water and to determine how they affected the quality of the water suitable for human use. Twenty-two public wells that are used by the residents for their everyday needs are sampled in the pre-monsoon for the analysis. ICP-MS was used to analyse the water samples for the presence of the heavy metals Zn, Pb, Fe, Cd, As, and Al. The acquired value from ICP-MS analysis is compared with BIS standard values of drinking water quality. From the analysed heavy metals, cadmium and iron in some of the wells are exceeding the permissible limit of BIS. HPI of each well is carried out and find out that DW1, DW2 and DW14 is not fit for drinking purpose. By analysing the Metal Index (MI) out of 22 wells, 9 wells are pure in quality and others are slightly to moderately affected. Certain metals in different wells shows slight greater concentration than the permissible limits of BIS. These might be taken into account for a safer drinking water.
{"title":"Assessment of Trace Element Concentrations in Groundwater Sources of a Rural Village in Kerala, India","authors":"Muhammed Thaniem, Anupama Prakash, Muniyandi Muniasamy, Rangasamy Eeshwar, Palanisamy Sundarabalan","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"Water is an essential part of all living organisms. India is already experiencing the effects of the impending global freshwater crisis in terms of water quantity and quality. The study, which was carried out in a rural village (Villiappally Gramapanchayath) in Kerala, sought to quantify the level of trace elements in the ground water and to determine how they affected the quality of the water suitable for human use. Twenty-two public wells that are used by the residents for their everyday needs are sampled in the pre-monsoon for the analysis. ICP-MS was used to analyse the water samples for the presence of the heavy metals Zn, Pb, Fe, Cd, As, and Al. The acquired value from ICP-MS analysis is compared with BIS standard values of drinking water quality. From the analysed heavy metals, cadmium and iron in some of the wells are exceeding the permissible limit of BIS. HPI of each well is carried out and find out that DW1, DW2 and DW14 is not fit for drinking purpose. By analysing the Metal Index (MI) out of 22 wells, 9 wells are pure in quality and others are slightly to moderately affected. Certain metals in different wells shows slight greater concentration than the permissible limits of BIS. These might be taken into account for a safer drinking water.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid population growth, human migration, and commercial activities are changing land use and Land cover at a faster rate. The human being's need and greed to sustain themselves alter the earth's natural environment, and that change affected us. However, poor and unmanageable land conversion led to severe environmental effects. For planning and management purposes, precise information regarding land use and its characteristics is required to ensure the sustainability of the area. The current study uses multi-temporal satellite images to analyze the decadal change from 1991 to 2021. Supervised image classification is performed using the Maximum likelihood classifier. The main goal of this study is to compare post-classification results using change vector analysis and analyze human impact on the environment using FRAGSTAT. Fragstat is a widely used software program designed for analyzing spatial patterns in categorical maps. It is commonly employed in landscape ecology, conservation biology, and land management studies. The primary purpose of Fragstats is to quantify and assess the composition and configuration of patches or landscape elements within a given area. The built-up area increased from 2.57% to 8.41% over the past 30 years, while the agricultural land decreased from 83.51% to 70.05%. It was observed that the density of patches and percentage of landscape reduction over time, the rise in the number of patches for agricultural class from 3570 in 1991 to 10173 in 2021 indicates that spatial diversity is increasing in the class with higher levels of anthropogenic disturbances. Moreover, in landscape-level indices, the number of patch and landscape shape index increases, and a fall in the largest patch index indicate that the landscape is becoming more complicated and fragmented. To achieve the sustainable land-use planning and safeguard natural ecosystems and biodiversity from anthropogenic activities, land-use change maps are utilized as an early warning system.
{"title":"Multitemporal Analysis of Land Use/Cover Changes and Landscape Fragmentation in Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India","authors":"Md. Mustaquim, Woheeul Islam","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population growth, human migration, and commercial activities are changing land use and Land cover at a faster rate. The human being's need and greed to sustain themselves alter the earth's natural environment, and that change affected us. However, poor and unmanageable land conversion led to severe environmental effects. For planning and management purposes, precise information regarding land use and its characteristics is required to ensure the sustainability of the area. The current study uses multi-temporal satellite images to analyze the decadal change from 1991 to 2021. Supervised image classification is performed using the Maximum likelihood classifier. The main goal of this study is to compare post-classification results using change vector analysis and analyze human impact on the environment using FRAGSTAT. Fragstat is a widely used software program designed for analyzing spatial patterns in categorical maps. It is commonly employed in landscape ecology, conservation biology, and land management studies. The primary purpose of Fragstats is to quantify and assess the composition and configuration of patches or landscape elements within a given area. The built-up area increased from 2.57% to 8.41% over the past 30 years, while the agricultural land decreased from 83.51% to 70.05%. It was observed that the density of patches and percentage of landscape reduction over time, the rise in the number of patches for agricultural class from 3570 in 1991 to 10173 in 2021 indicates that spatial diversity is increasing in the class with higher levels of anthropogenic disturbances. Moreover, in landscape-level indices, the number of patch and landscape shape index increases, and a fall in the largest patch index indicate that the landscape is becoming more complicated and fragmented. To achieve the sustainable land-use planning and safeguard natural ecosystems and biodiversity from anthropogenic activities, land-use change maps are utilized as an early warning system.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the drought is a significant issue in India, therefore, the scientists should pay close attention in order to manage it. Purulia District experienced the drought on numerous occasions in the past ten years, but the accurate and definite conclusions have not arrived yet. Hence, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the 34 years (1979–2014) was utilised in this research together with the change point to evaluate the annual and seasonal drought in the Purulia District. Theil Sen's slope and the Mann-Kendal (MK) test were both employed to determine the trend and its’ magnitude. A trend-free pre-whitening technique was used to remove the influence of lag-1 correlation data from the series. The 1988-89 was marked as the best probable single change (shift) point in the time series of SPI. By calculating the percentage deviation from the SPI's mean trend, the magnitude of the change was calculated. The percentage change of Sen's slope and MK test was high (+ve) at the eastern parts of Purulia, whereas it was observed as the smallest at the southern parts of the region. Thus, it could be concluded that the drought had begun to spread to the study region's eastern sections after the change point. As Purulia is dependent on agricultural crop production, this research would significantly contribute to agricultural planning following the local level management of crop water and rain-water harvesting. Therefore, this research is extremely important for the drought risk management on a regional scale.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Drought Trend Alongside of Change Point: A Study of the Purulia District in West Bengal, India","authors":"Shrinwantu Raha, Sayan Deb","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Since the drought is a significant issue in India, therefore, the scientists should pay close attention in order to manage it. Purulia District experienced the drought on numerous occasions in the past ten years, but the accurate and definite conclusions have not arrived yet. Hence, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the 34 years (1979–2014) was utilised in this research together with the change point to evaluate the annual and seasonal drought in the Purulia District. Theil Sen's slope and the Mann-Kendal (MK) test were both employed to determine the trend and its’ magnitude. A trend-free pre-whitening technique was used to remove the influence of lag-1 correlation data from the series. The 1988-89 was marked as the best probable single change (shift) point in the time series of SPI. By calculating the percentage deviation from the SPI's mean trend, the magnitude of the change was calculated. The percentage change of Sen's slope and MK test was high (+ve) at the eastern parts of Purulia, whereas it was observed as the smallest at the southern parts of the region. Thus, it could be concluded that the drought had begun to spread to the study region's eastern sections after the change point. As Purulia is dependent on agricultural crop production, this research would significantly contribute to agricultural planning following the local level management of crop water and rain-water harvesting. Therefore, this research is extremely important for the drought risk management on a regional scale.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Thi Hai Ninh, Nguyen Phuong Le, Do Kim Chung
Vietnam's agricultural sector has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, ensuring both food security and export turnover for the country. However, the current focus on productivity and output alone is wasteful and detrimental to the environment. To address this, a shift from linear to circular agriculture is advocated, encompassing not only production but also consumption. While circular economy (CE) in agriculture is a new concept in Vietnam, various stakeholders at the micro-level, such as farmers, cooperatives, and enterprises, have been practicing circular agriculture for some time. Nevertheless, most of these models have emerged spontaneously without cohesive development across regions. Although the Vietnamese government have introduced policies promoting green production and CE, they have provided little guidance on promoting circular agricultural models at the micro-level. This paper presents a concise overview of CE in agriculture, synthesizes typical micro-level models of CE in Vietnam, and proposes policy recommendations to enhance existing circular agriculture models, including raising awareness among stakeholders about circular agriculture, encouraging investment in circular agriculture, enhancing the capacity of agricultural producers in recycling and reusing by-products, and establishing an appropriate legal framework.
{"title":"How to Enhance Circular Agriculture Models at Micro-Level in Vietnam? A Review","authors":"Nguyen Thi Hai Ninh, Nguyen Phuong Le, Do Kim Chung","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam's agricultural sector has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, ensuring both food security and export turnover for the country. However, the current focus on productivity and output alone is wasteful and detrimental to the environment. To address this, a shift from linear to circular agriculture is advocated, encompassing not only production but also consumption. While circular economy (CE) in agriculture is a new concept in Vietnam, various stakeholders at the micro-level, such as farmers, cooperatives, and enterprises, have been practicing circular agriculture for some time. Nevertheless, most of these models have emerged spontaneously without cohesive development across regions. Although the Vietnamese government have introduced policies promoting green production and CE, they have provided little guidance on promoting circular agricultural models at the micro-level. This paper presents a concise overview of CE in agriculture, synthesizes typical micro-level models of CE in Vietnam, and proposes policy recommendations to enhance existing circular agriculture models, including raising awareness among stakeholders about circular agriculture, encouraging investment in circular agriculture, enhancing the capacity of agricultural producers in recycling and reusing by-products, and establishing an appropriate legal framework.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mohammad Farooq, S. Sumithra, M. Maddaka, C. Sireesha
Due to the tremendous increases in population, industrialization, and human activity, water is highly polluted with various harmful elements. The good quality availability of water for human consumption is very important for preventing waterborne diseases and improving the quality of life. This work presents the study of the physico- chemical properties of water samples collected in and around the mining areas. Some of the parameters like EC, TDS, Total hardness, magnesium, sodium, and iron content are greater than the permissible value in a few areas. The analyzed parameters were compared with the WHO standards. Dissolved Oxygen and total hardness ranged from 7.8 to 8.9 mg/L and 102 to 1500 mg/L in both Tummalapalle and Mangampeta samples.
{"title":"An Investigation on Physico- Chemical Parameters of Ground Water Near Mining Areas of Kadapa District, A. P, India.","authors":"S. Mohammad Farooq, S. Sumithra, M. Maddaka, C. Sireesha","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the tremendous increases in population, industrialization, and human activity, water is highly polluted with various harmful elements. The good quality availability of water for human consumption is very important for preventing waterborne diseases and improving the quality of life. This work presents the study of the physico- chemical properties of water samples collected in and around the mining areas. Some of the parameters like EC, TDS, Total hardness, magnesium, sodium, and iron content are greater than the permissible value in a few areas. The analyzed parameters were compared with the WHO standards. Dissolved Oxygen and total hardness ranged from 7.8 to 8.9 mg/L and 102 to 1500 mg/L in both Tummalapalle and Mangampeta samples.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distressing levels of air pollution in India is becoming health hazard to the inhabitants. It's important to note that due to the nation's continued urbanisation and its heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, air pollution is expected to get worse in some areas of India over the next few decades. Present study aims to address the issue by identifying the sources causing air pollution using Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis [HACA]. Two years daily data (2018 and 2019), downloaded from publicly available source Kaggle.com of sixteen selected air pollution monitoring stations was used for the study. The stations were selected based upon diversified environmental conditions and local sources. HACA was successful in grouping the monitoring stations into four clusters based on their average Air Quality Index (AQI) level. These four clusters are named as Low Pollution, Moderate Pollution, High Pollution and Very High Pollution Region [LPR, MPR, HPR and VHPR] with average AQI 96; 135; 173 and 227 respectively. Discriminant Analysis (DA) confirmed the resulting clusters with 100% accuracy. It was found that stations with similar environmental factors, regional sources, and pollution amounts were clustered together. Despite numerous actions taken by the authorities to reduce air pollution, it was noticed that topographical conditions play an essential role in the rise of pollution. This study helps to implement different strategies by the authorities’ concern based on local sources and topographical conditions.
{"title":"Identification of Sources Causing Air Pollution in Indian Cities Using Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis","authors":"Nannaparaju Vasudha, Polisetty Venkateswara Rao","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The distressing levels of air pollution in India is becoming health hazard to the inhabitants. It's important to note that due to the nation's continued urbanisation and its heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, air pollution is expected to get worse in some areas of India over the next few decades. Present study aims to address the issue by identifying the sources causing air pollution using Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis [HACA]. Two years daily data (2018 and 2019), downloaded from publicly available source Kaggle.com of sixteen selected air pollution monitoring stations was used for the study. The stations were selected based upon diversified environmental conditions and local sources. HACA was successful in grouping the monitoring stations into four clusters based on their average Air Quality Index (AQI) level. These four clusters are named as Low Pollution, Moderate Pollution, High Pollution and Very High Pollution Region [LPR, MPR, HPR and VHPR] with average AQI 96; 135; 173 and 227 respectively. Discriminant Analysis (DA) confirmed the resulting clusters with 100% accuracy. It was found that stations with similar environmental factors, regional sources, and pollution amounts were clustered together. Despite numerous actions taken by the authorities to reduce air pollution, it was noticed that topographical conditions play an essential role in the rise of pollution. This study helps to implement different strategies by the authorities’ concern based on local sources and topographical conditions.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic refrigeration has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly technology due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. It is becoming a strong competitor to traditional gas refrigeration and is often referred to as a green refrigeration technique. This technique utilizes the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) or inverse magnetocaloric effect (IMCE) to achieve a change in temperature after adiabatic demagnetization. Among various magnetocaloric materials, perovskite manganites have drawn significant attention due to their abundance and low field MCE. In this paper, a comparative study of MCE has been presented for two different types of manganites. The self-doped La0.9MnO3 shows a considerable amount of MCE (2.5 J/Kg-K) at an applied magnetic field of 10 kOe around 255 K. In contrast, Pr0.5Sr0.5Mn0.98Cr0.02O3another manganite, shows a comparably lower value of MCE (0.55 J/Kg-K) around 220 K under the same magnetic field, but it exhibits a large IMCE (1.26 J/Kg-K) around 150 K. This comparative study provides insights into the magnetocaloric properties of these manganites, which could have potential applications in green refrigeration.
{"title":"Magnetocaloric Effect in Half-Doped and Self-Doped Manganites: A Study to Green Refrigeration","authors":"Moumita Patra","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic refrigeration has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly technology due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. It is becoming a strong competitor to traditional gas refrigeration and is often referred to as a green refrigeration technique. This technique utilizes the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) or inverse magnetocaloric effect (IMCE) to achieve a change in temperature after adiabatic demagnetization. Among various magnetocaloric materials, perovskite manganites have drawn significant attention due to their abundance and low field MCE. In this paper, a comparative study of MCE has been presented for two different types of manganites. The self-doped La0.9MnO3 shows a considerable amount of MCE (2.5 J/Kg-K) at an applied magnetic field of 10 kOe around 255 K. In contrast, Pr0.5Sr0.5Mn0.98Cr0.02O3another manganite, shows a comparably lower value of MCE (0.55 J/Kg-K) around 220 K under the same magnetic field, but it exhibits a large IMCE (1.26 J/Kg-K) around 150 K. This comparative study provides insights into the magnetocaloric properties of these manganites, which could have potential applications in green refrigeration.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study attempts to make a simulation of groundwater flow modeling in Chikkodi micro-watershed Belagavi (District), Karnataka. A two-layer conceptualization and the three-dimensional groundwater flow model are primarily underlain by weathered basalt and fractured basalt. The first layer weathered zone is 30m from the ground surface and the second layer fractured zone is 80m below the ground surface spread over 20 rows and 20 columns. The cell height is 674m and the cell width is 440m. The work described here built a groundwater flow model in the micro-watershed using Visual MODFLOW Flex. The steady-state groundwater flow model was then numerically projected in April 2020 using seventeen observation wells using the present stress levels. The model aims to quantify input and output stresses and pinpoint the basin's overstressed regions. The water budget analysis estimates that evapotranspiration loss makes up 56.54% of the basin's total groundwater recharge while overall groundwater leaks from river systems are 28.72%. The findings indicated that the southern section of the basin is undergoing severe aquifer stress as a result of river overflow and evapotranspiration. To improve groundwater levels, it is suggested that artificial recharge structures should be developed in and near Chikkodi village at appropriate sites. The trial-and-error approach was used to assess the sensitivity of the calibrated model, and it was discovered that the model is extremely sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and recharge levels. Model performance is excellent, with R2, RMSE, and NRMSE values of 0.97, 5.34, and 13.23% of the assessing criteria.
{"title":"Groundwater Flow Modeling of A Microwatershed using Visual Modflow Flex","authors":"Anusha Honnannanavar, Nagraj Patil, Vivek Patil","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to make a simulation of groundwater flow modeling in Chikkodi micro-watershed Belagavi (District), Karnataka. A two-layer conceptualization and the three-dimensional groundwater flow model are primarily underlain by weathered basalt and fractured basalt. The first layer weathered zone is 30m from the ground surface and the second layer fractured zone is 80m below the ground surface spread over 20 rows and 20 columns. The cell height is 674m and the cell width is 440m. The work described here built a groundwater flow model in the micro-watershed using Visual MODFLOW Flex. The steady-state groundwater flow model was then numerically projected in April 2020 using seventeen observation wells using the present stress levels. The model aims to quantify input and output stresses and pinpoint the basin's overstressed regions. The water budget analysis estimates that evapotranspiration loss makes up 56.54% of the basin's total groundwater recharge while overall groundwater leaks from river systems are 28.72%. The findings indicated that the southern section of the basin is undergoing severe aquifer stress as a result of river overflow and evapotranspiration. To improve groundwater levels, it is suggested that artificial recharge structures should be developed in and near Chikkodi village at appropriate sites. The trial-and-error approach was used to assess the sensitivity of the calibrated model, and it was discovered that the model is extremely sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and recharge levels. Model performance is excellent, with R2, RMSE, and NRMSE values of 0.97, 5.34, and 13.23% of the assessing criteria.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaheemath Suhara K K, Anu Varughese, Anjaly C Sunny, Anjitha Krishna P R
The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is a globally accepted erosion model which has gained good acceptability. Among the five influences of the RUSLE method of soil erosion estimation, the erosivity factor (R) represents rainfall event’s ability to produce erosion. It is mainly affected by rainfall intensity and kinetic energy of the rain. The erosion index represented by EI30 is the most common R-factor estimation method. Due to the non-availability of rainfall intensity data in many watersheds, researchers have developed methods for erosivity estimation using rainfall depth. The Modified Fournier Index method has gained popularity. Recently, different models using machine learning techniques and ANN are also being set up to establish the R-factor for soil loss estimation. These models can estimate the R-factor quickly and more accurately. They can even predict the R-factor for the future to predict soil loss and plan conservation measures accordingly. An attempt has been made here to review different methodologies proposed by scientists across the globe for arriving at the R-factor for soil loss estimation using RUSLE model.
{"title":"Erosivity Factor of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) - A Systematized Review","authors":"Shaheemath Suhara K K, Anu Varughese, Anjaly C Sunny, Anjitha Krishna P R","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is a globally accepted erosion model which has gained good acceptability. Among the five influences of the RUSLE method of soil erosion estimation, the erosivity factor (R) represents rainfall event’s ability to produce erosion. It is mainly affected by rainfall intensity and kinetic energy of the rain. The erosion index represented by EI30 is the most common R-factor estimation method. Due to the non-availability of rainfall intensity data in many watersheds, researchers have developed methods for erosivity estimation using rainfall depth. The Modified Fournier Index method has gained popularity. Recently, different models using machine learning techniques and ANN are also being set up to establish the R-factor for soil loss estimation. These models can estimate the R-factor quickly and more accurately. They can even predict the R-factor for the future to predict soil loss and plan conservation measures accordingly. An attempt has been made here to review different methodologies proposed by scientists across the globe for arriving at the R-factor for soil loss estimation using RUSLE model.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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