Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.2174/0113892010294727240502051954
Ravi K Mittal, Gaurav Krishna, Raghav Mishra, Rehan Uddin, Vikram Sharma
This review aims to examine the hydrogel structure concisely, approaches to hydrogel synthesis, and the most recent progressions in hydrogel technology along with its multifaceted applications within the domain of biomedicine, emphasizing its capacity to transform the delivery of drugs, tissue engineering, and diagnostics. This review employs an organized search of the literature to gather and evaluate state-of-the-art examines on hydrogel uses for biomedicine, synthesizing significant developments and breakthroughs to provide a holistic comprehension of their developing role and possible impact. The review's findings emphasize the revolutionary potential of recent advances in hydrogel uses within biomedicine, which includes improved drug delivery, cutting-edge tissue engineering, and recognized diagnostics. In summary, this scholarly article explores the intricacies of hydrogel structure, methodologies for hydrogel synthesis, and notable breakthroughs in the biomedical utilization of hydrogels. Given the extraordinary potential of hydrogels to transform diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies, this article emphasizes the growing significance of hydrogels in biomedicine and the critical need for further investigation into this subject matter. Consequently, hydrogels can pave the way for enhanced healthcare standards.
{"title":"From Synthesis to Solutions: Hydrogels' Impact on the Biomedical Landscape.","authors":"Ravi K Mittal, Gaurav Krishna, Raghav Mishra, Rehan Uddin, Vikram Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0113892010294727240502051954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010294727240502051954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to examine the hydrogel structure concisely, approaches to hydrogel synthesis, and the most recent progressions in hydrogel technology along with its multifaceted applications within the domain of biomedicine, emphasizing its capacity to transform the delivery of drugs, tissue engineering, and diagnostics. This review employs an organized search of the literature to gather and evaluate state-of-the-art examines on hydrogel uses for biomedicine, synthesizing significant developments and breakthroughs to provide a holistic comprehension of their developing role and possible impact. The review's findings emphasize the revolutionary potential of recent advances in hydrogel uses within biomedicine, which includes improved drug delivery, cutting-edge tissue engineering, and recognized diagnostics. In summary, this scholarly article explores the intricacies of hydrogel structure, methodologies for hydrogel synthesis, and notable breakthroughs in the biomedical utilization of hydrogels. Given the extraordinary potential of hydrogels to transform diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies, this article emphasizes the growing significance of hydrogels in biomedicine and the critical need for further investigation into this subject matter. Consequently, hydrogels can pave the way for enhanced healthcare standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.2174/0113892010295993240430125552
Jiayi Li, Xiaoyong Lei, Xiaoyan Yang
Despite advanced clinical treatment, the mortality rate of cancer patients is high. Recent studies have linked the development of cancer to inflammation. Many cancers are exacerbated by the emergence of inflammatory responses, and non-coding RNAs play an important role in inflammation. Non-coding RNAs include microRNAs, circular RNAs, long-chain noncoding RNAs, etc. The non-coding RNA regulatory network composed of microRNAs, circular RNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs is involved in the regulatory process of multiple gene expression. They can act on various signaling pathways, such as wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factorkappa B, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/ AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and so on. These signaling pathways can control the occurrence of inflammatory response to some extent, such as regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6, interferongamma, tumor necrosis factor-α, and so on), making them upregulated or down-regulated. Therefore, it is important to study the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation to contribute to the future of cancer.
{"title":"The Cross-Talk of Non-coding RNAs and Inflammation in Human Cancer.","authors":"Jiayi Li, Xiaoyong Lei, Xiaoyan Yang","doi":"10.2174/0113892010295993240430125552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010295993240430125552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advanced clinical treatment, the mortality rate of cancer patients is high. Recent studies have linked the development of cancer to inflammation. Many cancers are exacerbated by the emergence of inflammatory responses, and non-coding RNAs play an important role in inflammation. Non-coding RNAs include microRNAs, circular RNAs, long-chain noncoding RNAs, etc. The non-coding RNA regulatory network composed of microRNAs, circular RNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs is involved in the regulatory process of multiple gene expression. They can act on various signaling pathways, such as wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factorkappa B, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/ AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and so on. These signaling pathways can control the occurrence of inflammatory response to some extent, such as regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6, interferongamma, tumor necrosis factor-α, and so on), making them upregulated or down-regulated. Therefore, it is important to study the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation to contribute to the future of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in healthcare, necessitating the continuous exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the burgeoning field of natural diterpenoid derivatives and their promising role in addressing neurological disorders. Derived from natural sources, these compounds exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological properties, positioning them as potential agents for treating conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The review highlights recent advancements, shedding light on the multifaceted mechanisms through which diterpenoid derivatives exert their effects, from antiinflammatory to neuroprotective actions. As the scientific community navigates the translational journey from bench to bedside, integrating these natural compounds into neurotherapeutics emerges as a compelling prospect. This exploration of the therapeutic frontiers of natural diterpenoid derivatives signifies a significant step towards innovative and effective strategies in the management of neurological disorders. It highlights the potential of natural compounds to revolutionize neurotherapeutics.
{"title":"Exploring Therapeutic Frontiers: Unveiling the Potential of Natural Diterpenoid Derivatives in Addressing Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Divya Jain, Shivendra Kumar, Sunam Saha, Ashwani Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0113892010304266240507050825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010304266240507050825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in healthcare, necessitating the continuous exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the burgeoning field of natural diterpenoid derivatives and their promising role in addressing neurological disorders. Derived from natural sources, these compounds exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological properties, positioning them as potential agents for treating conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The review highlights recent advancements, shedding light on the multifaceted mechanisms through which diterpenoid derivatives exert their effects, from antiinflammatory to neuroprotective actions. As the scientific community navigates the translational journey from bench to bedside, integrating these natural compounds into neurotherapeutics emerges as a compelling prospect. This exploration of the therapeutic frontiers of natural diterpenoid derivatives signifies a significant step towards innovative and effective strategies in the management of neurological disorders. It highlights the potential of natural compounds to revolutionize neurotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.2174/0113892010305651240514100129
Xuhua Qiao, Rongbo Xue, Shijie Li, Jun Li, Chundong Ji
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dihydroartemisinin to augment the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy through the modulation of LASS2 expression.
Methods: TCMSP, CTR-DB, TCGA-BLC, and other databases were used to analyze the possibility of LASS2 as the target gene of dihydroartemisinin. Cell experiments revealed the synergistic effect of DDP and DHA. Animal experiments showed that DHA inhibited the growth of DDP-treated mice. In addition, WB, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that DHA enhanced LASS2 (CERS2) expression in bladder cancer cells and DDP-treated mice.
Results: LASS2 is associated with cisplatin chemosensitivity.LASS2 expression levels are different between BLC tissues and normal tissues. COX analysis showed that patients with high LASS2 expression had a higher cumulative overall survival rate than those with low LASS2 expression. The Sankey plot showed that LASS2 expression is lower in BLC tissues with more advanced stage and distant metastasis. The docking score of DHA and LASS2 reached the maximum value of -5.5259, indicating that DHA had a strong binding affinity with LASS2 targets. CCK8 assay showed that the most effective concentration ratio of DHA to DDP was 2.5μg/ml + 10μg/ml. In vivo experiments showed that DHA inhibited tumor growth in cisplatin-treated mice. In addition, WB, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that DHA was able to enhance LASS2 expression in BLC cells and DDP-treated mice.
Conclusion: The upregulation of LASS2 (CERS2) expression in bladder cancer cells by DHA has been found to enhance cisplatin chemosensitivity.
{"title":"Expression of LASS2 Can be Regulated by Dihydroartemisinin to Regulate Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Bladder Cancer Cells.","authors":"Xuhua Qiao, Rongbo Xue, Shijie Li, Jun Li, Chundong Ji","doi":"10.2174/0113892010305651240514100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010305651240514100129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dihydroartemisinin to augment the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy through the modulation of LASS2 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TCMSP, CTR-DB, TCGA-BLC, and other databases were used to analyze the possibility of LASS2 as the target gene of dihydroartemisinin. Cell experiments revealed the synergistic effect of DDP and DHA. Animal experiments showed that DHA inhibited the growth of DDP-treated mice. In addition, WB, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that DHA enhanced LASS2 (CERS2) expression in bladder cancer cells and DDP-treated mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LASS2 is associated with cisplatin chemosensitivity.LASS2 expression levels are different between BLC tissues and normal tissues. COX analysis showed that patients with high LASS2 expression had a higher cumulative overall survival rate than those with low LASS2 expression. The Sankey plot showed that LASS2 expression is lower in BLC tissues with more advanced stage and distant metastasis. The docking score of DHA and LASS2 reached the maximum value of -5.5259, indicating that DHA had a strong binding affinity with LASS2 targets. CCK8 assay showed that the most effective concentration ratio of DHA to DDP was 2.5μg/ml + 10μg/ml. In vivo experiments showed that DHA inhibited tumor growth in cisplatin-treated mice. In addition, WB, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that DHA was able to enhance LASS2 expression in BLC cells and DDP-treated mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The upregulation of LASS2 (CERS2) expression in bladder cancer cells by DHA has been found to enhance cisplatin chemosensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Quercetin (Qc), rutin (Ru), and hyperoside (Hyp) are three common polyphenols widely distributed in the plant kingdom.
Method: This study explored the inhibition and mechanisms of Qc, Ru, and Hyp against xanthine oxidase (XOD) by enzyme kinetic analysis, fluorescence analysis, and molecular docking. The inhibitory activities of the three polyphenols on XOD showed the following trend: quercetin > hyperoside > rutin, with IC50 values of 8.327 ± 0.36 µmol/L, 35.215 ± 0.4 µmol/L and 60.811 ± 0.19 µmol/L, respectively. All three polyphenols inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in a mixed-competitive manner. Synchronous fluorescence results demonstrated that three polyphenols binding to XOD were spontaneous and showed static quenching.
Result: The binding of the three polyphenols to XOD is mainly driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, resulting in the formation of an XOD-XA complex with only one affinity binding site. The binding sites of the three RSFQ phenolic compounds are close to those of tryptophan. Molecular docking showed that all three polyphenols enter the active pocket of XOD and maintain the stability of the complex through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces.
Conclusion: The results provide a theoretical basis for quercetin, rutin, and hyperoside to be used as function factors to prevent hyperuricemia.
{"title":"Inhibitory Activity of Quercetin, Rutin, and Hyperoside against Xanthine Oxidase: Kinetics, Fluorescence, and Molecular Docking.","authors":"Yali Yu, Yingzhu Xiong, Siman Tong, Yanli Li, Rongcan Cai, Xv Zhang, Feng Gao","doi":"10.2174/0113892010297269240427055003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010297269240427055003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quercetin (Qc), rutin (Ru), and hyperoside (Hyp) are three common polyphenols widely distributed in the plant kingdom.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study explored the inhibition and mechanisms of Qc, Ru, and Hyp against xanthine oxidase (XOD) by enzyme kinetic analysis, fluorescence analysis, and molecular docking. The inhibitory activities of the three polyphenols on XOD showed the following trend: quercetin > hyperoside > rutin, with IC50 values of 8.327 ± 0.36 µmol/L, 35.215 ± 0.4 µmol/L and 60.811 ± 0.19 µmol/L, respectively. All three polyphenols inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in a mixed-competitive manner. Synchronous fluorescence results demonstrated that three polyphenols binding to XOD were spontaneous and showed static quenching.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The binding of the three polyphenols to XOD is mainly driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, resulting in the formation of an XOD-XA complex with only one affinity binding site. The binding sites of the three RSFQ phenolic compounds are close to those of tryptophan. Molecular docking showed that all three polyphenols enter the active pocket of XOD and maintain the stability of the complex through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and van der Waals forces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results provide a theoretical basis for quercetin, rutin, and hyperoside to be used as function factors to prevent hyperuricemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346
Alyaa Nasr, Ezzat H Elshazly, Dalia F Slima, Mohamed E Elnosary, Ahmed M Sadek, Mona Khamis, Yu Gong, Qian Tian, Gamal A Gouda, Guo-Ping Zhu
Background: in the current study, a comparative phytochemical analysis was carried out to explore the phenolic and flavonoid contents in the aerial parts of Vicia sativa L and Vicia monantha Retz growing in cultivated, reclaimed, and desert habitats.
Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect Vicia methanolic extracts' individual phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The first-time synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) using the aqueous extract of V. monantha has been developed using a green approach. Also, the cytotoxicity of V. monantha extract and CdO NPs was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for unveiling them as anti-HAV and anti-AdV.
Results: Our results indicated that in the case of desert habitat, the contents of total phenolics (76.37 mg/g) and total flavonoids (65.23 mg/g) of V. monantha were higher than those of V. sativa (67.35 mg/g and 47.34 mg/g, respectively) and the contents of these secondary metabolites were even increased in V. monantha collected from reclaimed land (phenolics: 119.77 mg/g, flavonoids: 88.61 mg/g). Also, V. monantha surpassed V. sativa in the contents of some individual HPLC constituents, and hence, V. monantha was used to synthesize the green CdO NPs and subsequent antiviral tests. The average size of CdO NPs was determined to be 24.28 nm, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of CdO NPs clearly showed their spherical form and varying particle sizes, with different diameters in the range of 19-29 nm. MTT assay was positive to the exposure of CdO NPs in the normal cell line, proposing that CdO NPs can reduce cell viability. V. monantha extract showed promising antiviral activity against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Adenovirus (AdV) with SI of 16.40 and 10.54. On the other hand, CdONPs had poor antiviral activity against HAV with an SI of 4.74 and moderate antiviral activity against AdV with an SI of 10.54.
Conclusion: V. monantha is now considered a new, valuable natural resource for phenolics and flavonoids, especially when grown in reclaimed soil. The green CdO NPs based on V. monantha extract showed a promising antiviral effect against HAV and AdV.
{"title":"Bioactive Compounds from Vicia sativa L. and Vicia monantha Retz. with Unveiling Antiviral Potentials in Newly Green Synthesized CdO Nanoparticles.","authors":"Alyaa Nasr, Ezzat H Elshazly, Dalia F Slima, Mohamed E Elnosary, Ahmed M Sadek, Mona Khamis, Yu Gong, Qian Tian, Gamal A Gouda, Guo-Ping Zhu","doi":"10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>in the current study, a comparative phytochemical analysis was carried out to explore the phenolic and flavonoid contents in the aerial parts of Vicia sativa L and Vicia monantha Retz growing in cultivated, reclaimed, and desert habitats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect Vicia methanolic extracts' individual phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The first-time synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) using the aqueous extract of V. monantha has been developed using a green approach. Also, the cytotoxicity of V. monantha extract and CdO NPs was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for unveiling them as anti-HAV and anti-AdV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicated that in the case of desert habitat, the contents of total phenolics (76.37 mg/g) and total flavonoids (65.23 mg/g) of V. monantha were higher than those of V. sativa (67.35 mg/g and 47.34 mg/g, respectively) and the contents of these secondary metabolites were even increased in V. monantha collected from reclaimed land (phenolics: 119.77 mg/g, flavonoids: 88.61 mg/g). Also, V. monantha surpassed V. sativa in the contents of some individual HPLC constituents, and hence, V. monantha was used to synthesize the green CdO NPs and subsequent antiviral tests. The average size of CdO NPs was determined to be 24.28 nm, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of CdO NPs clearly showed their spherical form and varying particle sizes, with different diameters in the range of 19-29 nm. MTT assay was positive to the exposure of CdO NPs in the normal cell line, proposing that CdO NPs can reduce cell viability. V. monantha extract showed promising antiviral activity against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Adenovirus (AdV) with SI of 16.40 and 10.54. On the other hand, CdONPs had poor antiviral activity against HAV with an SI of 4.74 and moderate antiviral activity against AdV with an SI of 10.54.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>V. monantha is now considered a new, valuable natural resource for phenolics and flavonoids, especially when grown in reclaimed soil. The green CdO NPs based on V. monantha extract showed a promising antiviral effect against HAV and AdV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oils are natural compounds extracted from plants that are volatile and sensitive to heat. Due to their therapeutic value, essential oils are now used in many industries, including the sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. These are complex mixtures of a wide range of volatile molecules, including phenol-derived aliphatic and aromatic compounds and terpenoids. Essential oils have been used medicinally since ancient times for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, insecticidal, sedative, antiinflammatory, and anaesthetic properties. However, essential oils come with inherent limitations; thus, nanoencapsulation is advocated as a remedy as it has the potential to enhance the stability, solubility, and effectiveness of formulations based on essential oils, all while preserving the therapeutic drug blood levels. It is not always viable to use essential oils independently in treatment due to several restrictions; however, nanodelivery technologies appear capable of overcoming these challenges. The therapeutic efficacy that is achieved can be affected by several factors, including the selection of the essential oil as well as the system of nanodelivery. Today, nanoencapsulation is capable of enabling the simultaneous delivery of multiple oils, providing synergistic effects, and facilitating the development of combinational therapies. Additionally, they may have potential applications in preserving food to prolong the shelf life of quickspoiling items and their fragrances. While there is already much research on the characterisation of EOs, this review evaluates the features of the nanoparticles employed for the delivery of essential oils and their impact on the functionality of nano-delivered essential oils and their beneficial uses.
精油是从植物中提取的天然化合物,具有挥发性并对热敏感。由于其治疗价值,精油现已被用于许多行业,包括卫生、化妆品、农业、食品和制药业。精油是由多种挥发性分子组成的复杂混合物,包括由苯酚衍生的脂肪族和芳香族化合物以及萜类化合物。自古以来,精油就因其抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、杀虫、镇静、消炎和麻醉的特性而被用于医疗。然而,精油有其固有的局限性;因此,纳米胶囊技术被提倡作为一种补救措施,因为它有可能提高以精油为基础的制剂的稳定性、溶解性和有效性,同时保持治疗药物的血药浓度。然而,纳米给药技术似乎能够克服这些挑战。所取得的疗效会受到多种因素的影响,包括精油的选择和纳米给药系统。如今,纳米封装技术能够同时输送多种精油,产生协同效应,促进组合疗法的发展。此外,它们还有可能应用于食品保鲜,延长速食食品及其香料的保质期。虽然已有很多关于 EO 特性的研究,但本综述将评估用于递送精油的纳米颗粒的特性及其对纳米递送精油的功能性和有益用途的影响。
{"title":"Nano Encapsulation of An Essential Oil Transpire the Therapeutic Approach.","authors":"Sukanya Chhetri, Shefali Arora, Versha Parcha, Deepak Kumar, Devendra Singh Rawat","doi":"10.2174/0113892010291682240423095306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010291682240423095306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential oils are natural compounds extracted from plants that are volatile and sensitive to heat. Due to their therapeutic value, essential oils are now used in many industries, including the sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. These are complex mixtures of a wide range of volatile molecules, including phenol-derived aliphatic and aromatic compounds and terpenoids. Essential oils have been used medicinally since ancient times for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, insecticidal, sedative, antiinflammatory, and anaesthetic properties. However, essential oils come with inherent limitations; thus, nanoencapsulation is advocated as a remedy as it has the potential to enhance the stability, solubility, and effectiveness of formulations based on essential oils, all while preserving the therapeutic drug blood levels. It is not always viable to use essential oils independently in treatment due to several restrictions; however, nanodelivery technologies appear capable of overcoming these challenges. The therapeutic efficacy that is achieved can be affected by several factors, including the selection of the essential oil as well as the system of nanodelivery. Today, nanoencapsulation is capable of enabling the simultaneous delivery of multiple oils, providing synergistic effects, and facilitating the development of combinational therapies. Additionally, they may have potential applications in preserving food to prolong the shelf life of quickspoiling items and their fragrances. While there is already much research on the characterisation of EOs, this review evaluates the features of the nanoparticles employed for the delivery of essential oils and their impact on the functionality of nano-delivered essential oils and their beneficial uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanocytes are highly specialized dendritic cells that deliver melanin to keratinocytes in melanosomes, which are subcellular organelles where melanin is produced and stored. Mammal's skin, hair, and eyes all contain the complex pigment melanin, which gives them color and ultraviolet protection. Melanins have the potential to be free radical sinks and are strong cation chelators. Amino acid tyrosine and its metabolite, dopa, are the precursors to complex metabolic processes that end with melanin production. Melanocytes generate different types and amounts of melanin, which is defined genetically and is impacted by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormone fluctuations, inflammation, age, and ultraviolet radiation exposure, leading to the stimulation of numerous melanogenesis pathways. Melasma, a common skin pigmentation condition, is associated with the overproduction of melanin and is characterized by brown to gray-brown and black spots that mostly affect the face. The present review addresses the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in skin pigmentation with an emphasis on the altered melanogenesis that causes melasma and hyperpigmentation. The current study also illustrates the available treatment options with cellular and molecular mechanisms for the management of melasma. Understanding the mechanism of the pigmentation process may help researchers develop new therapeutic strategies and novel drugs for the management of melasma.
{"title":"Understanding Mechanisms and Key Factors Influencing Melanogenesis for the Management of Melasma: An Updated Review.","authors":"Niraj Kumar Singh, Amnesh Kumar Verma, Jeetendra Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0113892010301957240424110023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010301957240424110023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanocytes are highly specialized dendritic cells that deliver melanin to keratinocytes in melanosomes, which are subcellular organelles where melanin is produced and stored. Mammal's skin, hair, and eyes all contain the complex pigment melanin, which gives them color and ultraviolet protection. Melanins have the potential to be free radical sinks and are strong cation chelators. Amino acid tyrosine and its metabolite, dopa, are the precursors to complex metabolic processes that end with melanin production. Melanocytes generate different types and amounts of melanin, which is defined genetically and is impacted by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as hormone fluctuations, inflammation, age, and ultraviolet radiation exposure, leading to the stimulation of numerous melanogenesis pathways. Melasma, a common skin pigmentation condition, is associated with the overproduction of melanin and is characterized by brown to gray-brown and black spots that mostly affect the face. The present review addresses the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in skin pigmentation with an emphasis on the altered melanogenesis that causes melasma and hyperpigmentation. The current study also illustrates the available treatment options with cellular and molecular mechanisms for the management of melasma. Understanding the mechanism of the pigmentation process may help researchers develop new therapeutic strategies and novel drugs for the management of melasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.2174/0113892010290582240419051056
Xue Han, Fan Shi, Shujun Guo, Yao Li, Hongtao Wang, Chuanwang Song, Shiwu Wu
Background: Breast Cancer (BC) is a female malignancy with a high mortality rate. Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are valuable for reducing BC mortality. Our study is designed to undrape the precise role of the LINC00466/miR-4731-5p/EPHA2 axis in BC.
Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) sequencing dataset was utilized to compare the levels of LINC00466. The levels of LINC00466, miR-4731-5p, and EPHA2 were tested by qRTPCR. Cell proliferation and cycle were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometer. In vivo role of LINC00466 was tested by Xenograft nude models. Binding sites were predicted by TargetScan and Starbase. The binding relationship was employed by Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay.
Results: LINC00466 was increased in human breast cancer tissues. LINC00466 was negatively associated with miR-4731-5p and positively correlated with EPHA2 in human breast cancer tissues. Down-regulation of LINC00466 suppressed the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle of breast cancer cells, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusion: LINC00466 promoted BC development via mediating the miR-4731-5p/EPHA2 axis, which has the potential value as a promising therapeutic target in BC.
{"title":"LncRNA LINC00466 Promotes the Progression of Breast Cancer via miR-4731-5p/EPHA2 Pathway.","authors":"Xue Han, Fan Shi, Shujun Guo, Yao Li, Hongtao Wang, Chuanwang Song, Shiwu Wu","doi":"10.2174/0113892010290582240419051056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010290582240419051056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast Cancer (BC) is a female malignancy with a high mortality rate. Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are valuable for reducing BC mortality. Our study is designed to undrape the precise role of the LINC00466/miR-4731-5p/EPHA2 axis in BC. <P> </P> Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) sequencing dataset was utilized to compare the levels of LINC00466. The levels of LINC00466, miR-4731-5p, and EPHA2 were tested by qRTPCR. Cell proliferation and cycle were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometer. In vivo role of LINC00466 was tested by Xenograft nude models. Binding sites were predicted by TargetScan and Starbase. The binding relationship was employed by Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay. <P> </P> Results: LINC00466 was increased in human breast cancer tissues. LINC00466 was negatively associated with miR-4731-5p and positively correlated with EPHA2 in human breast cancer tissues. Down-regulation of LINC00466 suppressed the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle of breast cancer cells, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. <P> </P> Conclusion: LINC00466 promoted BC development via mediating the miR-4731-5p/EPHA2 axis, which has the potential value as a promising therapeutic target in BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}