Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.2174/0115734129298587240322073956
Xiaotong Xiao, Yaxiong Liu, Yayang Huang, Wenjie Zeng, Zhuoya Luo
Background: The Pheretima aspergillum decoction is a traditional therapeutic form, while the formula granules are produced through traditional Chinese medicine decoctions. However, the active ingredients in Pheretima aspergillum have not been fully elucidated, and no published reports have investigated the differences between Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Objective: The study aimed to explore the potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules and investigate their potential pharmacological mechanisms in alleviating inflammation associated with asthma through interaction with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. Methods: μLC-Q Exactive MS combined with de novo sequencing technology was employed to identify potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Deep learning models were utilized to evaluate the bioactivity and toxicity of these peptides. Further investigations included molecular docking studies aimed at uncovering the interactions between the selected peptides and the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex at affinity and critical residue sites. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the peptide-receptor complexes. Results: A total of 2,235 peptides from the Pheretima aspergillum decoction and 1,424 peptides from the Pheretima aspergillum formula granules were identified. Deep learning models resulted in the identification of 298 bioactive and non-toxic peptides from the decoction and 145 from the formula granules. Molecular docking revealed that 160 peptides from the decoction and 63 from the formula granules exhibited a strong affinity for the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. The results of molecular dynamics simulations supported the stability of the interactions involving the peptide EGPANFADLGK from the decoction and the peptide KAAVDFGVPGDAGALAHLK from the formula granules with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. In conclusion, potential bioactive peptides were identified in both Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Conclusion: This study has investigated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of peptides derived from Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules in alleviating inflammation associated with asthma through the interaction of the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex, providing a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of action for the treatment of asthma.
{"title":"Identification of the NF-κB Inhibition Peptides in Asthma from Pheretima aspergillum Decoction and Formula Granules Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations","authors":"Xiaotong Xiao, Yaxiong Liu, Yayang Huang, Wenjie Zeng, Zhuoya Luo","doi":"10.2174/0115734129298587240322073956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129298587240322073956","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Pheretima aspergillum decoction is a traditional therapeutic form, while the formula granules are produced through traditional Chinese medicine decoctions. However, the active ingredients in Pheretima aspergillum have not been fully elucidated, and no published reports have investigated the differences between Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Objective: The study aimed to explore the potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules and investigate their potential pharmacological mechanisms in alleviating inflammation associated with asthma through interaction with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. Methods: μLC-Q Exactive MS combined with de novo sequencing technology was employed to identify potential bioactive peptides in Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Deep learning models were utilized to evaluate the bioactivity and toxicity of these peptides. Further investigations included molecular docking studies aimed at uncovering the interactions between the selected peptides and the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex at affinity and critical residue sites. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the peptide-receptor complexes. Results: A total of 2,235 peptides from the Pheretima aspergillum decoction and 1,424 peptides from the Pheretima aspergillum formula granules were identified. Deep learning models resulted in the identification of 298 bioactive and non-toxic peptides from the decoction and 145 from the formula granules. Molecular docking revealed that 160 peptides from the decoction and 63 from the formula granules exhibited a strong affinity for the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. The results of molecular dynamics simulations supported the stability of the interactions involving the peptide EGPANFADLGK from the decoction and the peptide KAAVDFGVPGDAGALAHLK from the formula granules with the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex. In conclusion, potential bioactive peptides were identified in both Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules. Conclusion: This study has investigated the potential pharmacological mechanisms of peptides derived from Pheretima aspergillum decoction and formula granules in alleviating inflammation associated with asthma through the interaction of the IκBβ/NF-κB p65 complex, providing a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of action for the treatment of asthma.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.2174/0115734129293976240320090141
Jia Du, Li Fu, Xiaozhu Liu, Hassan Karimi-Maleh
Background:: Hair analysis plays a crucial role in forensic toxicology, offering a unique medium for long-term drug trace detection. This review emphasizes the evolution of electrochemical methods in analyzing hair for drug traces, underscoring their significance in forensic science. Methods:: We examined recent advancements in electrochemical techniques, including voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their application in drug trace analysis. The review also explores the development of novel electrode materials and surface modifications, which enhance the detection capabilities of these methods. Results:: Electrochemical methods have shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting a range of drugs in hair. Innovations, like molecularly imprinted polymers and nanomaterials, have expanded the detectable substance range, offering more refined and accurate detection. Despite challenges, such as hair variability and external contamination, these methods have significantly improved the reliability of drug trace analysis. Conclusion:: Electrochemical approaches to hair analysis represent a significant advancement in forensic toxicology. Their ability to provide sensitive, specific, and non-invasive analysis makes them valuable tools. Future developments, including portable device creation and integration with other analytical techniques, hold promise for further enhancing the scope and accuracy of drug trace detection in hair.
{"title":"Analyzing Hair for Drug Traces: A Review of Electrochemical Approaches","authors":"Jia Du, Li Fu, Xiaozhu Liu, Hassan Karimi-Maleh","doi":"10.2174/0115734129293976240320090141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129293976240320090141","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Hair analysis plays a crucial role in forensic toxicology, offering a unique medium for long-term drug trace detection. This review emphasizes the evolution of electrochemical methods in analyzing hair for drug traces, underscoring their significance in forensic science. Methods:: We examined recent advancements in electrochemical techniques, including voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their application in drug trace analysis. The review also explores the development of novel electrode materials and surface modifications, which enhance the detection capabilities of these methods. Results:: Electrochemical methods have shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting a range of drugs in hair. Innovations, like molecularly imprinted polymers and nanomaterials, have expanded the detectable substance range, offering more refined and accurate detection. Despite challenges, such as hair variability and external contamination, these methods have significantly improved the reliability of drug trace analysis. Conclusion:: Electrochemical approaches to hair analysis represent a significant advancement in forensic toxicology. Their ability to provide sensitive, specific, and non-invasive analysis makes them valuable tools. Future developments, including portable device creation and integration with other analytical techniques, hold promise for further enhancing the scope and accuracy of drug trace detection in hair.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.2174/0115734129301463240306064929
Gurisha Garg, Preeti Patel, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Balak Das Kurmi
: Various technologies, like flow cytometry and cell sorting, have been established in fields of biomedical research. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting is one of the most powerful techniques to witness advancement in these years. This article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the FACS applications, along with regulatory considerations and qualification parameters for the instrument. Moreover, specifications of instruments from different brands with specialized features are mentioned. FACS is a cornerstone in clinical diagnostics. This review highlights the current advancements and versatility of this indispensable technology, and the said information would be a focal paradigm for the upcoming biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
{"title":"A Review on Working Principle and Advanced Applications of Fluorescence activated Cell Sorting Machine (FACS)","authors":"Gurisha Garg, Preeti Patel, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Balak Das Kurmi","doi":"10.2174/0115734129301463240306064929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129301463240306064929","url":null,"abstract":": Various technologies, like flow cytometry and cell sorting, have been established in fields of biomedical research. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting is one of the most powerful techniques to witness advancement in these years. This article aims to provide an in-depth overview of the FACS applications, along with regulatory considerations and qualification parameters for the instrument. Moreover, specifications of instruments from different brands with specialized features are mentioned. FACS is a cornerstone in clinical diagnostics. This review highlights the current advancements and versatility of this indispensable technology, and the said information would be a focal paradigm for the upcoming biomedical and pharmaceutical research.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.2174/0115734129285978240222103045
Jian Chen, Qiulin Li, Yawen Yang, Liang Qi, Xiang Han, Nan Zhang, Bin Zheng, Fuxin Chen
Background:: α-phenylethanol and its derivatives are important intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of chiral drugs. Method:: The interaction mechanism of the two enantiomers of α-phenylethanol with β-CD was investigated using 1H-NMR and ROESY. The loading of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the host with the chiral drug intermediate α-phenylethanol as the guest was investigated using high-resolution NMR in D2O and quantum chemical calculations. Results:: The results showed that both α-phenylethanol enantiomers were able to enter into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD and undergo enantiospecific interactions, while the combination of 2D ROESY and quantum chemical calculations showed that the benzene ring of both R and S α- phenylethanol was inserted into the β-CD cavity toward the small-port end. However, the most stable poses of the two enantiomers were different, so the benzene ring of the S-enantiomer was oriented more toward the small-port end of β-CD than that of the R-enantiomer, which was reflected in the signals of 2D ROESY, which were obviously different. Conclusion:: β-CD can enantioselectively recognize the α-phenylethanol enantiomers, and the 2D ROESY method is a very direct and powerful tool in the recognition process of chiral host and guest research.
背景：α-苯乙醇及其衍生物是合成多种手性药物的重要中间体。方法：采用 1H-NMR 和 ROESY 方法研究了 α-苯乙醇的两种对映体与 β-CD 的相互作用机理。利用 D2O 中的高分辨率核磁共振和量子化学计算研究了以 β-环糊精（β-CD）为宿主，以手性药物中间体 α-苯乙醇为客体的负载情况。结果显示结果表明，两种α-苯乙醇对映体都能进入β-CD的疏水空腔并发生对映体特异性相互作用，而二维ROESY和量子化学计算的结合则表明，R和Sα-苯乙醇的苯环都向小端口端插入β-CD空腔。然而，两种对映体的最稳定位置不同，因此 S 对映体的苯环比 R 对映体的苯环更偏向于 β-CD 的小端口端，这反映在二维 ROESY 的信号上，两者有明显的不同。结论：β-CD能对映体选择性地识别α-苯乙醇对映体，二维ROESY方法是研究手性主客体识别过程中非常直接和有力的工具。
{"title":"Enantioselective Recognition of Chiral Α-Phenylethanol by Β-Cyclodextrin and Characterization of its Inclusion Behaviour Based On 2D ROESY","authors":"Jian Chen, Qiulin Li, Yawen Yang, Liang Qi, Xiang Han, Nan Zhang, Bin Zheng, Fuxin Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115734129285978240222103045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129285978240222103045","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: α-phenylethanol and its derivatives are important intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of chiral drugs. Method:: The interaction mechanism of the two enantiomers of α-phenylethanol with β-CD was investigated using 1H-NMR and ROESY. The loading of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the host with the chiral drug intermediate α-phenylethanol as the guest was investigated using high-resolution NMR in D2O and quantum chemical calculations. Results:: The results showed that both α-phenylethanol enantiomers were able to enter into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD and undergo enantiospecific interactions, while the combination of 2D ROESY and quantum chemical calculations showed that the benzene ring of both R and S α- phenylethanol was inserted into the β-CD cavity toward the small-port end. However, the most stable poses of the two enantiomers were different, so the benzene ring of the S-enantiomer was oriented more toward the small-port end of β-CD than that of the R-enantiomer, which was reflected in the signals of 2D ROESY, which were obviously different. Conclusion:: β-CD can enantioselectively recognize the α-phenylethanol enantiomers, and the 2D ROESY method is a very direct and powerful tool in the recognition process of chiral host and guest research.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.2174/0115734129281373240214071815
Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, Javed Khan
: The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has garnered significant interest because of the unique physicochemical and biological properties they possess. These nanoparticles could have applications in a wide variety of fields, including biomedicine, cellular imaging, cosmetics, healthcare tourism, food and agriculture. The formation of nanoparticles is facilitated by the use of bionanofactories, or green synthesis processes, which utilise living organisms, biomolecules, and plant-based materials as bio reductive or bio sealing agents. Green chemistry is cost-effective in addition to being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable. By considering the results of recent studies using techniques like scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction, we illuminate the most recent advances in green synthesis and the physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles. We also discuss the properties of silver nanoparticles that make them effective against bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
:银纳米粒子具有独特的物理化学和生物特性，因此绿色合成银纳米粒子备受关注。这些纳米粒子可应用于生物医学、细胞成像、化妆品、保健旅游、食品和农业等多个领域。利用生物有机体、生物大分子和植物性材料作为生物还原剂或生物密封剂的仿生工厂或绿色合成工艺，有助于纳米粒子的形成。绿色化学不仅环保、无毒、可生物降解，而且成本效益高。我们通过使用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、紫外/可见分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱或 X 射线衍射等技术的最新研究成果，阐明了绿色合成的最新进展以及绿色银纳米粒子的物理化学特性。我们还讨论了银纳米粒子有效对抗细菌、真菌和寄生虫的特性。
{"title":"Bionanofactories for the Environmental Friendly Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles: Application to the Analysis of Antimicrobial Agents","authors":"Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, Javed Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115734129281373240214071815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129281373240214071815","url":null,"abstract":": The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has garnered significant interest because of the unique physicochemical and biological properties they possess. These nanoparticles could have applications in a wide variety of fields, including biomedicine, cellular imaging, cosmetics, healthcare tourism, food and agriculture. The formation of nanoparticles is facilitated by the use of bionanofactories, or green synthesis processes, which utilise living organisms, biomolecules, and plant-based materials as bio reductive or bio sealing agents. Green chemistry is cost-effective in addition to being environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable. By considering the results of recent studies using techniques like scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction, we illuminate the most recent advances in green synthesis and the physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles. We also discuss the properties of silver nanoparticles that make them effective against bacteria, fungi, and parasites.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.2174/0115734129283110240131044647
Pooja Bedage, Archana Sahu, Inder Pal Singh
Background:: Vigabatrin and gabapentin, commonly used antiepileptic drugs in clinics, lack a UV active chromophore and, therefore, require cumbersome derivatization methods for analysis by HPLC using fluorescence detection. This study demonstrated the use of NMR for their quantitative determination in pure form and their pharmaceutical formulations. Objective:: To develop a validated qNMR method for non-chromophoric drugs Vigabatrin and Gabapentin. Methods:: The signal of methine proton of vigabatrin at 3.67 ppm relative to the signal of maleic acid at 6.17 ppm and the methylene signal of gabapentin at 2.88 ppm relative to the signal of caffeine at 7.75 ppm was used for qNMR. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, specificity and solution state stability. Results:: Linearity range and r2 were found to be from 2.66 to 42.11 mg/mL and 0.9999. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.0129 mg/mL and 0.0391 mg/mL, respectively, for vigabatrin. This method was found to be linear (0.9998) and specific within the gabapentin concentration range from 1.07 to 34.24 mg/mL of D2O. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.0248 mg/mL and 0.0751 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion:: Both methods were highly precise, with a calculated RSD of 0.60 % and 0.76 %, respectively. The robustness of the methods was revealed by changing pre and post-processing NMR parameters. The developed methods provide a simple and straight approach for the absolute determination of gabapentin and vigabatrin in bulk drugs and their marketed formulations without any pre-procedures.
{"title":"Rapid Quantitation of Non-chromophoric Vigabatrin and Gabapentin by a Validated qNMR Method in Bulk Drug and Marketed Formulations","authors":"Pooja Bedage, Archana Sahu, Inder Pal Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115734129283110240131044647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129283110240131044647","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Vigabatrin and gabapentin, commonly used antiepileptic drugs in clinics, lack a UV active chromophore and, therefore, require cumbersome derivatization methods for analysis by HPLC using fluorescence detection. This study demonstrated the use of NMR for their quantitative determination in pure form and their pharmaceutical formulations. Objective:: To develop a validated qNMR method for non-chromophoric drugs Vigabatrin and Gabapentin. Methods:: The signal of methine proton of vigabatrin at 3.67 ppm relative to the signal of maleic acid at 6.17 ppm and the methylene signal of gabapentin at 2.88 ppm relative to the signal of caffeine at 7.75 ppm was used for qNMR. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, specificity and solution state stability. Results:: Linearity range and r2 were found to be from 2.66 to 42.11 mg/mL and 0.9999. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.0129 mg/mL and 0.0391 mg/mL, respectively, for vigabatrin. This method was found to be linear (0.9998) and specific within the gabapentin concentration range from 1.07 to 34.24 mg/mL of D2O. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.0248 mg/mL and 0.0751 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion:: Both methods were highly precise, with a calculated RSD of 0.60 % and 0.76 %, respectively. The robustness of the methods was revealed by changing pre and post-processing NMR parameters. The developed methods provide a simple and straight approach for the absolute determination of gabapentin and vigabatrin in bulk drugs and their marketed formulations without any pre-procedures.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139948663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.2174/0115734129282354231226192406
Amanda Santana Silva, Victor Hugo Abreu de Paula, Lucas Gabriel dos Santos Xavier, Ludimila Nascimento da Silva, Ana Carolyne Silva Lucas, Aléxia Mariany Lourenço Alves, Fernando Machado dos Santos
Background:: Spectrophotometric techniques are based on the absorption of electromagnetic energy by the molecules of the substance analyzed and can be applied to drug analysis. Objective:: This study has been proposed to carry out molecular absorption scanning and assay in the ultraviolet region of generic antidepressant drugs of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor class produced by three Brazilian laboratories, addressing the importance of good manufacturing practices, drug quality control, and the use of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques. Methods:: The physicochemical analyses were performed in a Marte Científica (580 UVP) UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the result was evaluated according to the acceptance interval described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Results:: When calculating the dosage of the fluoxetine hydrochloride sample, the value of 90.95% was obtained and, therefore, the drug was approved for the dosage test. The dosage test for the drugs, citalopram hydrobromide and sertraline hydrochloride, was also approved, obtaining values of 102.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Conclusion:: The results presented provide future perspectives regarding the rigor of the need for good drug handling practices, maintenance and qualification of quality control laboratory equipment, and the guarantee of validation of analytical methodologies used in the pharmaceutical industries, contributing to the improvement of the quality of production and pharmaceutical products analysis.
{"title":"Molecular Absorption Scanning and Assay of Serotonin Reception Inhibitor Antidepressant Drugs","authors":"Amanda Santana Silva, Victor Hugo Abreu de Paula, Lucas Gabriel dos Santos Xavier, Ludimila Nascimento da Silva, Ana Carolyne Silva Lucas, Aléxia Mariany Lourenço Alves, Fernando Machado dos Santos","doi":"10.2174/0115734129282354231226192406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129282354231226192406","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Spectrophotometric techniques are based on the absorption of electromagnetic energy by the molecules of the substance analyzed and can be applied to drug analysis. Objective:: This study has been proposed to carry out molecular absorption scanning and assay in the ultraviolet region of generic antidepressant drugs of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor class produced by three Brazilian laboratories, addressing the importance of good manufacturing practices, drug quality control, and the use of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques. Methods:: The physicochemical analyses were performed in a Marte Científica (580 UVP) UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the result was evaluated according to the acceptance interval described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Results:: When calculating the dosage of the fluoxetine hydrochloride sample, the value of 90.95% was obtained and, therefore, the drug was approved for the dosage test. The dosage test for the drugs, citalopram hydrobromide and sertraline hydrochloride, was also approved, obtaining values of 102.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Conclusion:: The results presented provide future perspectives regarding the rigor of the need for good drug handling practices, maintenance and qualification of quality control laboratory equipment, and the guarantee of validation of analytical methodologies used in the pharmaceutical industries, contributing to the improvement of the quality of production and pharmaceutical products analysis.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective:: In order to control the quality better, this study aimed to develop two bioassay methods of Banlangen Granule (BLGG) based on its anti-influenza activity and antiinflammatory activity and to verify the necessity of established methods by relating the results tested by chemical methods. Method:: First, the bioassay methods for determining the biopotency of the anti-influenza effect and anti-inflammatory activity were established and applied, taking neuraminidase and cyclooxygenase- 2 as disease targets, respectively. Secondly, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled photo-diode array detector (UPLC-PDA) technique was used to perform fingerprints and quantify chemical compounds. Finally, the correlation analysis was performed on the results of bioassay methods and chemical methods to assist in choosing the effective quality markers for the BLGG. Results:: Two accurate, stable, and repeatable bioassay methods were developed and applied to the determination of 57 batches of samples. The chemical fingerprints and contents of seven quality compounds were obtained based on UPLC-PDA methods. From the results of correlation analysis, the highest intensity correlation between these quality markers was medium with a r=0.495 (P<0.01), which indicates the need for establishing a bioassay method for BLGG. Conclusion:: This present work illuminated that bioassay methods can be a great means to evaluate the quality of BLGG effectively and also provided a paradigm case for the quality control of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
{"title":"Quality Evaluation of Banlangen Granule Based on Bioassays of Anti-influenzal and Anti-inflammatory Effects","authors":"Xiu-yu Qian, Ming-lu Zhang, Yan-Lin Wu, Shuang-cheng Ma, Jin-mei Liu, Yan-hui Kang, Li-xing Nie","doi":"10.2174/0115734129285820240108113029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129285820240108113029","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:: In order to control the quality better, this study aimed to develop two bioassay methods of Banlangen Granule (BLGG) based on its anti-influenza activity and antiinflammatory activity and to verify the necessity of established methods by relating the results tested by chemical methods. Method:: First, the bioassay methods for determining the biopotency of the anti-influenza effect and anti-inflammatory activity were established and applied, taking neuraminidase and cyclooxygenase- 2 as disease targets, respectively. Secondly, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled photo-diode array detector (UPLC-PDA) technique was used to perform fingerprints and quantify chemical compounds. Finally, the correlation analysis was performed on the results of bioassay methods and chemical methods to assist in choosing the effective quality markers for the BLGG. Results:: Two accurate, stable, and repeatable bioassay methods were developed and applied to the determination of 57 batches of samples. The chemical fingerprints and contents of seven quality compounds were obtained based on UPLC-PDA methods. From the results of correlation analysis, the highest intensity correlation between these quality markers was medium with a r=0.495 (P<0.01), which indicates the need for establishing a bioassay method for BLGG. Conclusion:: This present work illuminated that bioassay methods can be a great means to evaluate the quality of BLGG effectively and also provided a paradigm case for the quality control of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.2174/0115734129271377231222100236
Debangana Pal, Babu B.
: Nitrosamines are a category of substances that have a nitroso group linked to an amino group in their molecular structure. They are a category of carcinogens developed as a by-product of drug synthesis and also constituted in the presence of sodium nitrite or nitric acid and secondary amines (like dimethyl amines and diethyl amine) that must be monitored in drug production. In mid-June 2018, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency became aware of the existence of an impurity called N-nitrosamine in some frequently used medications, such as those for blood pressure, antacids, and diabetes. N-nitrosamines are of major concern because the ICH M7 (R1)2 guideline categorizes them as Class 1 impurities or mutagenic carcinogens, and the International Agency for Cancer Research categorizes them as potential carcinogens. The existence of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical drugs must be minimized to the greatest extent possible and must be at or below the threshold based on ICH M7(R1)2 fundamentals for materials in the "cohort of concern" described in this guideline and measured based on lifetime constant exposure.
:亚硝胺是一类在分子结构中含有与氨基相连的亚硝基的物质。它们是药物合成过程中产生的一类致癌物质，也是亚硝酸钠或硝酸以及仲胺（如二甲基胺和二乙胺）存在时的致癌物质，在药物生产过程中必须受到监控。2018 年 6 月中旬，美国食品和药物管理局和欧洲药品管理局意识到，在一些常用药物（如治疗血压、抗酸剂和糖尿病的药物）中存在一种名为 N-亚硝胺的杂质。N-亚硝胺之所以备受关注，是因为 ICH M7 (R1)2 准则将其归类为 1 级杂质或诱变致癌物，而国际癌症研究机构则将其归类为潜在致癌物。必须尽最大可能减少 N-亚硝胺在药品中的存在，其含量必须达到或低于 ICH M7(R1)2 准则中所述 "关注人群 "材料的基本阈值，并根据终生持续接触进行测量。
{"title":"A Review on N-nitrosamine Impurity","authors":"Debangana Pal, Babu B.","doi":"10.2174/0115734129271377231222100236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129271377231222100236","url":null,"abstract":": Nitrosamines are a category of substances that have a nitroso group linked to an amino group in their molecular structure. They are a category of carcinogens developed as a by-product of drug synthesis and also constituted in the presence of sodium nitrite or nitric acid and secondary amines (like dimethyl amines and diethyl amine) that must be monitored in drug production. In mid-June 2018, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency became aware of the existence of an impurity called N-nitrosamine in some frequently used medications, such as those for blood pressure, antacids, and diabetes. N-nitrosamines are of major concern because the ICH M7 (R1)2 guideline categorizes them as Class 1 impurities or mutagenic carcinogens, and the International Agency for Cancer Research categorizes them as potential carcinogens. The existence of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical drugs must be minimized to the greatest extent possible and must be at or below the threshold based on ICH M7(R1)2 fundamentals for materials in the \"cohort of concern\" described in this guideline and measured based on lifetime constant exposure.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139690147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.2174/0115734129286658240111093745
Han Li, Aiping Yang, Meng Yang, Fengjuan Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zongping Zheng, Xiachang Wang
Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been linked to a numbers of pharmacological benefits, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Gypenoside XLVI (Gyp XLVI) was a significant triterpenoid saponin reported from a sweet-taste varietas G. pentaphyllum, which has inhibitory effects and causes apoptosis on human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been linked to numbers of pharmacological benefits, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Gypenoside XLVI (Gyp XLVI) is a significant dammarane-type triterpene saponin from the sweet-taste G. pentaphyllum, which has inhibitory effects and causes apoptosis on human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Methods: A quick, precise, and sensitive method for the quantification and pharmacokinetic research of Gyp XLVI in rats was developed utilizing UPLC-MS/MS. When extracting blood samples, protein was precipitated using methanol. An internal standard (IS) was employed, which was tolbutamide. For the chromatographic separation, a C18 column (Waters Acquity) was used with mobile phases as 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used as MS detection manner with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Results: Gyp XLVI had good linearity in the 1.36‒1000.00 ng/mL concentration range. The intra- day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) and accuracy (RE%) were less than 12.7% or 8.29%, respectively. Gyp XLVI’s extraction recovery ranged from 89.5% to 104.2%. The matrix effects ranged from 75.3%‒94.3%. The outcomes of matrix interference and recovery investigations complied with the necessary variability limitations. After three hours at room temperature (25°C), 24 hours in an auto-sampler (4°C), three freeze-thaw cycles, and 30 days of storage at -20°C, the analyte in rat plasma remained stable. Gyp XLVI pharmacokinetic investigations and quantification were conducted using the validated method. The AUC0-∞ values for intravenous administration (1 mg/kg) and oral administration (10 mg/kg) were 2213.9 ± 561.5 ng·h/mL and 1032.8 ± 334.8 ng·h/mL, respectively. Gyp XLVI had a half-life (t1/2z) of 2.5 ± 0.4 h in the rats after intravenous injection and 4.2 ± 0.9 h after oral administrations. Gyp XLVI had a comparatively low oral bioavailability of 4.56%. Conclusion: This is the first time that Gyp XLVI’s pharmacokinetic properties have been investigated through various administration routes. These findings will aid in our understanding of how Gyp XLVI was metabolized in rats and how it behaved pharmacologically in vivo.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Studies of Gypenoside XLVI in Rat Plasma using UPLC-MS/MS Method","authors":"Han Li, Aiping Yang, Meng Yang, Fengjuan Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zongping Zheng, Xiachang Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115734129286658240111093745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129286658240111093745","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been linked to a numbers of pharmacological benefits, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Gypenoside XLVI (Gyp XLVI) was a significant triterpenoid saponin reported from a sweet-taste varietas G. pentaphyllum, which has inhibitory effects and causes apoptosis on human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been linked to numbers of pharmacological benefits, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Gypenoside XLVI (Gyp XLVI) is a significant dammarane-type triterpene saponin from the sweet-taste G. pentaphyllum, which has inhibitory effects and causes apoptosis on human hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Methods: A quick, precise, and sensitive method for the quantification and pharmacokinetic research of Gyp XLVI in rats was developed utilizing UPLC-MS/MS. When extracting blood samples, protein was precipitated using methanol. An internal standard (IS) was employed, which was tolbutamide. For the chromatographic separation, a C18 column (Waters Acquity) was used with mobile phases as 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used as MS detection manner with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Results: Gyp XLVI had good linearity in the 1.36‒1000.00 ng/mL concentration range. The intra- day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) and accuracy (RE%) were less than 12.7% or 8.29%, respectively. Gyp XLVI’s extraction recovery ranged from 89.5% to 104.2%. The matrix effects ranged from 75.3%‒94.3%. The outcomes of matrix interference and recovery investigations complied with the necessary variability limitations. After three hours at room temperature (25°C), 24 hours in an auto-sampler (4°C), three freeze-thaw cycles, and 30 days of storage at -20°C, the analyte in rat plasma remained stable. Gyp XLVI pharmacokinetic investigations and quantification were conducted using the validated method. The AUC0-∞ values for intravenous administration (1 mg/kg) and oral administration (10 mg/kg) were 2213.9 ± 561.5 ng·h/mL and 1032.8 ± 334.8 ng·h/mL, respectively. Gyp XLVI had a half-life (t1/2z) of 2.5 ± 0.4 h in the rats after intravenous injection and 4.2 ± 0.9 h after oral administrations. Gyp XLVI had a comparatively low oral bioavailability of 4.56%. Conclusion: This is the first time that Gyp XLVI’s pharmacokinetic properties have been investigated through various administration routes. These findings will aid in our understanding of how Gyp XLVI was metabolized in rats and how it behaved pharmacologically in vivo.","PeriodicalId":10889,"journal":{"name":"Current Pharmaceutical Analysis","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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