Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica最新文献

Introduction: Residual cognitive deficits are commonly reported by individuals in remission from depression, often affecting daily life functioning and mental health. To provide tailored and personalized cognitive enhancement interventions for this population, there is a need for a better understanding of the characteristics of those who benefit from such interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictors of changes in subjective executive functioning following an internet-delivered cognitive enhancement intervention for adults in remission from depression.

Methods: Data were collected from a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of an internet-delivered cognitive enhancement intervention. Changes in subjective executive functioning from pre-treatment to the six-month follow-up were assessed in 44 participants in remission from depression, using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult Global Executive Composite. Linear mixed model analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of demographic, clinical, and treatment credibility variables on change in subjective cognitive functioning over time.

Results: The results showed that shorter lifetime depression duration predicted greater improvements in subjective executive functioning (p = 0.031). Higher levels of treatment expectancy and credibility were related to greater improvements in subjective cognitive functioning (p = 0.024). Participants with a partner showed better treatment response than those without a partner (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study builds on previous research on cognitive enhancement interventions in remitted depression, highlighting the impact of depression duration, treatment expectancy, and credibility on treatment response. Interventions targeting cognitive deficits appear most effective for those with a shorter lifetime duration of depression. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance outcomes in those with a chronic course. To maximize engagement and outcomes, these interventions should be delivered in a way that individuals in remission from depression view them as credible and capable of reducing their deficits. Previous research has not found partner status to predict change in subjective executive functioning. The effect of partner status on treatment response should be investigated further.

Background: In bipolar disorder (BD), physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are prevalent and have been linked to BD's cognitive symptoms, although the directionality of these links is not clear. This proof-of-concept study examined whether cognitive function during mid- and later-life was prospectively related to physical activity and sedentary time, and whether the association differed in presence or extent between those with BD and healthy controls.

Methods: Relevant UK Biobank data were available for 646 BD participants and 18,041 psychiatrically healthy controls, aged 40-69 years at baseline. Cognition was assessed during a baseline assessment, and wrist-worn accelerometry data were collected at a follow-up assessment 2.8-6.6 years later. Regression analyses examined prospective relationships of global cognition, diagnostic group, and their interaction, with physical activity (total, light, and moderate to vigorous) and sedentary time.

Results: Baseline cognitive function was inversely associated with light physical activity (coeff. = -5.64, 95% CI: -6.30 to -4.98) and positively associated with sedentary time (coeff. = 5.17, 95% CI: 4.48-5.86) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (coeff. = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28-0.68) at follow-up. Observed effect sizes were small but significant. In general, associations were not moderated by age or diagnostic group.

Conclusions: The current study provides preliminary evidence that cognitive function may influence subsequent physical activity and sedentary time similarly in those with BD and healthy controls; however, further research is needed to confirm and further explore this findings.