Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2241f
Mohammad Mahfuz Ali Khan Shawan, N. Islam, Shahin Aziz, N. Khatun, S. Sarker, Mozammel Hossain, Tareq Hossan, M. Morshed, Marzan Sarkar, Md. Salman Shakil, M. Rahman, M. Begum, Md. Ashraful Hasan
Fabrication of hybrid hydrogels to improve biological properties or to decrease the disadvantages of biomaterials has been a popular approach. With the background of snowballing threat of skin wound to public health and economy, this study was undertaken utilizing xanthan gum (Xnt), citric acid (C), gelatin (Gel), glutaraldehyde (G) and HPLC-grade water to fabricate a series of composite hydrogels i.e. Xnt, Xnt:C, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:C:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G, Xnt:C:Gel(5):G for investigating their wound healing efficacy in experimental rat skin wound model. Physicochemical characterization revealed that all the composite hydrogels contained more than 90% water. The hydrogels displayed swelling ability, biodegradability, good polymeric networks and porosity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies confirmed the presence of bound water and free, intra and inter molecular bound hydrogen bonded OH and NH in the hydrogels. All the hydrogels showed significant wound healing potency in experimental deep second degree skin burns in rats compared to controls. 20 days post-application of hydrogels, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G and Xnt:C:Gel(5):G-treated wounds showed better recovery compared to other composite hydrogels. The highest wound contraction of these hydrogel composites might be due to presence of Gel in the formulations. We conclude that, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G and Xnt:C:Gel(5):G might be effective wound dressing material.
{"title":"Fabrication of Xanthan Gum: Gelatin (Xnt:Gel) Hybrid Composite Hydrogels for Investigating Skin Wound Healing Efficacy","authors":"Mohammad Mahfuz Ali Khan Shawan, N. Islam, Shahin Aziz, N. Khatun, S. Sarker, Mozammel Hossain, Tareq Hossan, M. Morshed, Marzan Sarkar, Md. Salman Shakil, M. Rahman, M. Begum, Md. Ashraful Hasan","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2241f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2241f","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of hybrid hydrogels to improve biological properties or to decrease the disadvantages of biomaterials has been a popular approach. With the background of snowballing threat of skin wound to public health and economy, this study was undertaken utilizing xanthan gum (Xnt), citric acid (C), gelatin (Gel), glutaraldehyde (G) and HPLC-grade water to fabricate a series of composite hydrogels i.e. Xnt, Xnt:C, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:C:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G, Xnt:C:Gel(5):G for investigating their wound healing efficacy in experimental rat skin wound model. Physicochemical characterization revealed that all the composite hydrogels contained more than 90% water. The hydrogels displayed swelling ability, biodegradability, good polymeric networks and porosity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies confirmed the presence of bound water and free, intra and inter molecular bound hydrogen bonded OH and NH in the hydrogels. All the hydrogels showed significant wound healing potency in experimental deep second degree skin burns in rats compared to controls. 20 days post-application of hydrogels, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G and Xnt:C:Gel(5):G-treated wounds showed better recovery compared to other composite hydrogels. The highest wound contraction of these hydrogel composites might be due to presence of Gel in the formulations. We conclude that, Xnt:Gel(3):G, Xnt:Gel(5):G and Xnt:C:Gel(5):G might be effective wound dressing material.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81969260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2847f
S. Mathai
The thermal decomposition process developed in the present work is a viable technique for the formation of a nano (TiO2-SiO2) composite coating on Titanium substrate. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the developed coatings had high degradation resistance characteristics and high biomimetic growth characteristics. There was no degradation on the coating even when it was subjected to different extent of electrochemical polarization and anodic current impression. The biomimetic growth studies of these coatings were carried out. The results of elemental analysis of the SBF solution, electrochemical characterization and surface topographical analysis including SEM and AFM carried out at different stages revealed that there was an efficient apatite growth.
{"title":"An Efficient Electrochemical Approach for the Characterization of Interfacial Strength of Nano Titania-silica Composite Coating on Titanium Implants","authors":"S. Mathai","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2847f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2847f","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal decomposition process developed in the present work is a viable technique for the formation of a nano (TiO2-SiO2) composite coating on Titanium substrate. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the developed coatings had high degradation resistance characteristics and high biomimetic growth characteristics. There was no degradation on the coating even when it was subjected to different extent of electrochemical polarization and anodic current impression. The biomimetic growth studies of these coatings were carried out. The results of elemental analysis of the SBF solution, electrochemical characterization and surface topographical analysis including SEM and AFM carried out at different stages revealed that there was an efficient apatite growth.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86923431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10666d
T. Tsuruta
Recently, some researchers have investigated the recovery of gold using microbial cells, such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae. However, there is little information on which kind of microorganisms has a high gold adsorbing ability. We have reported various species and strains of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeasts were screened for their ability to adsorb gold from a solution containing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III). Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) is used for medical and ceramic materials. The effect of pH, external gold concentration, cell amounts on gold biosorption, and the time course of gold biosorption by Pseudomonas maltophilia cells, which adsorbed large amounts of gold from a solution containing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III), were reported in detail. In this chapter, in order to approve the amount of gold recovery much higher, the removal of gold (III) by biosorption and biomineralization from aqueous systems using microbial cells, gold (III) removal by those using microbial cells was investigated. Additionally, the oxidative recovery of gold after reduced gold(0) by the oxidation using aqueous thiourea solution, and recycles of gold reduction-oxidation cycles.
{"title":"Determining the Removal, Recovery, and Recycles of Au(III) from Aqueous Au(III) Solution Using Immobilized Pseudomonas Cells by Biomineralization and Thiourea Oxidation","authors":"T. Tsuruta","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10666d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10666d","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, some researchers have investigated the recovery of gold using microbial cells, such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae. However, there is little information on which kind of microorganisms has a high gold adsorbing ability. We have reported various species and strains of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeasts were screened for their ability to adsorb gold from a solution containing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III). Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) is used for medical and ceramic materials. The effect of pH, external gold concentration, cell amounts on gold biosorption, and the time course of gold biosorption by Pseudomonas maltophilia cells, which adsorbed large amounts of gold from a solution containing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III), were reported in detail. In this chapter, in order to approve the amount of gold recovery much higher, the removal of gold (III) by biosorption and biomineralization from aqueous systems using microbial cells, gold (III) removal by those using microbial cells was investigated. Additionally, the oxidative recovery of gold after reduced gold(0) by the oxidation using aqueous thiourea solution, and recycles of gold reduction-oxidation cycles.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81010507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9172d
André Luis Willerding, Cassiane Minelli-Oliveira, Luiz Antônio de Oliveira
Vegetable oils from the Amazon can serve as raw materials for the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and human and animal food industries. The region has always offered raw material in natura and with no added value. Therefore, it is strategic to develop (bio) technological processing of these inputs and commercialize them with high added value The synthesis and production on an industrial scale of molecules of very high added value, such as lipases, dyes, functional foods and cosmetics can promote a rational use of Amazonian biodiversity as a source of “fine chemicals”, consolidating a modern bioindustry in the region.
{"title":"Potentiality of Lipase in the Bioconversion Processes of Vegetable Oils from the Amazon","authors":"André Luis Willerding, Cassiane Minelli-Oliveira, Luiz Antônio de Oliveira","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9172d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9172d","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable oils from the Amazon can serve as raw materials for the cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and human and animal food industries. The region has always offered raw material in natura and with no added value. Therefore, it is strategic to develop (bio) technological processing of these inputs and commercialize them with high added value The synthesis and production on an industrial scale of molecules of very high added value, such as lipases, dyes, functional foods and cosmetics can promote a rational use of Amazonian biodiversity as a source of “fine chemicals”, consolidating a modern bioindustry in the region.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84263209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9584d
D. Iga, D. Popescu, V. Niculescu
Methylation of a hydroxy group annihilate or at least decrease the capacity of that group to form hydrogen bonds. The effect is still more pronounced by the reduction of a hydroxy group to a methylene (deoxy) one. The major methyl donor in the cells of living organisms is S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met). Sometimes, methyl group is donated by N5,N10-THFA or from a cobalt atom of a corrin ring. In spite of the relatively low variety of natural methyl donors (compare with phosphate donors), partially reduced or methylated sugars have been found in glycosterols, polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, inositols, nucleoside-type glycosides. Methylation of nucleic acids is made especially on cytosine and adenine, and of protein on Glu and Asp.
{"title":"Fine Tune Balance of Hydrophobic-hydrophylic Relationship of Amphiphilic Compounds by Partial Reduction and Methylation","authors":"D. Iga, D. Popescu, V. Niculescu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9584d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/9584d","url":null,"abstract":"Methylation of a hydroxy group annihilate or at least decrease the capacity of that group to form hydrogen bonds. The effect is still more pronounced by the reduction of a hydroxy group to a methylene (deoxy) one. The major methyl donor in the cells of living organisms is S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met). Sometimes, methyl group is donated by N5,N10-THFA or from a cobalt atom of a corrin ring. In spite of the relatively low variety of natural methyl donors (compare with phosphate donors), partially reduced or methylated sugars have been found in glycosterols, polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, inositols, nucleoside-type glycosides. Methylation of nucleic acids is made especially on cytosine and adenine, and of protein on Glu and Asp.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84637274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2661f
Y. Han, Laura D. Simionato, Romina G. Calvo, M. B. Mattei, A. Segall
The rate and the extent of drug dissolution and its absorption depend on the characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) as well as the dosage form properties. In this work dissolution profiles of furosemide tablets of nine commercial products marketed in Argentine were evaluated. All Brands fulfill the specifications of dissolution test of USP. Comparison of dissolution profiles were carried out by model-dependent and model independent approaches. The Weibull model provided the best kinetic curve adjustment. Brands IV, VI and IX had the best fitting, with the maximum determination coefficient and the smallest AIC values. Results obtained via model-independent approach show that there was not significative difference in Dissolution efficiency between the reference product and Brands II, III and IV and in Mean dissolution time between the reference product and Brands II, III, IV and V. Using fit factors, only Brands I and III were similar. It has been demonstrated in vivo bioequivalence of furosemide market products interchangeability with generics should be avoided.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Dissolution Profiles of Furosemide Tablets Available in the Argentinean Market (Part 2)","authors":"Y. Han, Laura D. Simionato, Romina G. Calvo, M. B. Mattei, A. Segall","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2661f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2661f","url":null,"abstract":"The rate and the extent of drug dissolution and its absorption depend on the characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) as well as the dosage form properties. In this work dissolution profiles of furosemide tablets of nine commercial products marketed in Argentine were evaluated. All Brands fulfill the specifications of dissolution test of USP. Comparison of dissolution profiles were carried out by model-dependent and model independent approaches. The Weibull model provided the best kinetic curve adjustment. Brands IV, VI and IX had the best fitting, with the maximum determination coefficient and the smallest AIC values. Results obtained via model-independent approach show that there was not significative difference in Dissolution efficiency between the reference product and Brands II, III and IV and in Mean dissolution time between the reference product and Brands II, III, IV and V. Using fit factors, only Brands I and III were similar. It has been demonstrated in vivo bioequivalence of furosemide market products interchangeability with generics should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76383352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2505e
L. O. Ajala, O. Ogunlowo, M. Okafor, V. Onwukeme, S. Ezem
Four different prepared extracts from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) calyxes were stored differently with chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite, boric acid, and citric acid) for eight weeks. A control, sample without preservative was also stored for the same period. They were understudied weekly for changes in the pH, ascorbic acid content, and microbial population. The research was carried out to studying the influence of the chemical preservatives on the pH, vitamin C, and microbial population of the extract during storage. Up to the first three weeks of storage, the vitamin C contents of the entire juices were not statistically different (p = 0.05) except, sample preserved with sodium benzoate. In the same manner, with exception of samples stored without preservative and with sodium metabisulphite, other samples were not significantly different (p = 0.05) with respect to pH. With exception of the control, spoilage started between third and sixth week of storage while sodium metabisulphite inhibited the growth of microbes till the end of the studied week. Generally, the results from this study revealed a decrease in pH (increase in acidity), a reduction in ascorbic acid content and an increase in microbial population as the storage time was extended in the entire samples but more explicit in the sample stored without preservative. The rate of change of pH and percentage reduction in ascorbic acid with respect to storage time in the sample without preservative increased tremendously compared to other juices stored with preservatives. This study showed that the chemical preservatives prohibited rapid loss of vitamin C and inhibited the growth of microorganisms that might have caused spoilage of this juice during storage. The use of chemical preservatives to prolong the shelf-life of this juice is therefore advocated so as to make it more available round the year.
{"title":"Chemoprotective Studies of Some Preservatives against Spoilage Microorganisms Associated with Stored Roselle Juice and Their Resultant Effects on the Juice’s pH and Ascorbic Acid","authors":"L. O. Ajala, O. Ogunlowo, M. Okafor, V. Onwukeme, S. Ezem","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2505e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/2505e","url":null,"abstract":"Four different prepared extracts from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) calyxes were stored differently with chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite, boric acid, and citric acid) for eight weeks. A control, sample without preservative was also stored for the same period. They were understudied weekly for changes in the pH, ascorbic acid content, and microbial population. The research was carried out to studying the influence of the chemical preservatives on the pH, vitamin C, and microbial population of the extract during storage. Up to the first three weeks of storage, the vitamin C contents of the entire juices were not statistically different (p = 0.05) except, sample preserved with sodium benzoate. In the same manner, with exception of samples stored without preservative and with sodium metabisulphite, other samples were not significantly different (p = 0.05) with respect to pH. With exception of the control, spoilage started between third and sixth week of storage while sodium metabisulphite inhibited the growth of microbes till the end of the studied week. Generally, the results from this study revealed a decrease in pH (increase in acidity), a reduction in ascorbic acid content and an increase in microbial population as the storage time was extended in the entire samples but more explicit in the sample stored without preservative. The rate of change of pH and percentage reduction in ascorbic acid with respect to storage time in the sample without preservative increased tremendously compared to other juices stored with preservatives. This study showed that the chemical preservatives prohibited rapid loss of vitamin C and inhibited the growth of microorganisms that might have caused spoilage of this juice during storage. The use of chemical preservatives to prolong the shelf-life of this juice is therefore advocated so as to make it more available round the year.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85679499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10081d
S. Franceschelli, P. Lanuti, Alessio Ferrone, D. M. Gatta, L. Speranza, M. Pesce, A. Grilli, I. Cacciatore, E. Ricciotti, A. Stefano, S. Miscia, M. Felaco, A. Patruno
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra. The L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (LD) is the gold standard drug currently used to manage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to control its symptoms. However, LD could cause disease neurotoxicity due to the generation of pro-oxidant intermediates deriving from its autoxidation. In order to overcome this limitation, we have conjugated LD to the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to form a codrug (GSH-LD). Here we investigated the effect of GSH-LD on H2O2-induced cellular toxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated lymphoma U-937 and dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, used respectively as models to study the involvement of macrophages/microglia and dopaminergic neurons in PD. We analyzed the effect of GSH-LD on apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress, both considered strategic targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Compared to LD and GSH, GSH-LD had a stronger effect in preventing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Moreover, GSH-LD was able to preserve cell viability, cellular redox status, gluthation metabolism and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, in a phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)-dependent manner, in a neurotoxicity cellular model. Our findings indicate that the GSH-LD codrug offers advantages deriving from the additive effect of LD and GSH and it could represent a promising candidate for PD treatment. The significance of our observations need to be validated in further studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of GSH-LD in PD in in vivo animal models and its ability to penetrate effectively the BBB.
{"title":"Modulation of Apoptotic Cell Death and Neuroprotective Effects of Glutathione—L-Dopa Codrug against H2O2-Induced Cellular Toxicity: A Recent Study","authors":"S. Franceschelli, P. Lanuti, Alessio Ferrone, D. M. Gatta, L. Speranza, M. Pesce, A. Grilli, I. Cacciatore, E. Ricciotti, A. Stefano, S. Miscia, M. Felaco, A. Patruno","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10081d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/10081d","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra. The L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (LD) is the gold standard drug currently used to manage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to control its symptoms. However, LD could cause disease neurotoxicity due to the generation of pro-oxidant intermediates deriving from its autoxidation. In order to overcome this limitation, we have conjugated LD to the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to form a codrug (GSH-LD). Here we investigated the effect of GSH-LD on H2O2-induced cellular toxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated lymphoma U-937 and dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, used respectively as models to study the involvement of macrophages/microglia and dopaminergic neurons in PD. We analyzed the effect of GSH-LD on apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress, both considered strategic targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Compared to LD and GSH, GSH-LD had a stronger effect in preventing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Moreover, GSH-LD was able to preserve cell viability, cellular redox status, gluthation metabolism and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, in a phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)-dependent manner, in a neurotoxicity cellular model. Our findings indicate that the GSH-LD codrug offers advantages deriving from the additive effect of LD and GSH and it could represent a promising candidate for PD treatment. The significance of our observations need to be validated in further studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of GSH-LD in PD in in vivo animal models and its ability to penetrate effectively the BBB.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84341640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1741c
N. Furusawa
This paper introduces an organic solvent-free mobile phase HPLC system for simultaneous analysis of tetracycline (TC) and 4-epi-tetracycline (4eTC). The chromatographic separation was achieved an Inertsil(Ⓡ) WP300 C4 column with an isocratic aqueous mobile phase and a photodiode array detector (PAD). The run-time was < 5 min/sample. The main validation performance parameters, linearity, range, and system suitability, were well within the international recommended criteria. The detection limits for TC and 4eTC were 0.005 and 0.014 (mu)g/mL, respectively. The high repeatable, quick, and easy HPLC-PAD system may be further effective for the quantifying TC and 4eTC residues in animal-derived foods.
{"title":"A 100% Aqueous Mobile Phase HPLC-photodiode Array Detection of Tetracycline and Its 4-epimer, 4-epi-tetracycline","authors":"N. Furusawa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1741c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1741c","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an organic solvent-free mobile phase HPLC system for simultaneous analysis of tetracycline (TC) and 4-epi-tetracycline (4eTC). The chromatographic separation was achieved an Inertsil(Ⓡ) WP300 C4 column with an isocratic aqueous mobile phase and a photodiode array detector (PAD). The run-time was < 5 min/sample. The main validation performance parameters, linearity, range, and system suitability, were well within the international recommended criteria. The detection limits for TC and 4eTC were 0.005 and 0.014 (mu)g/mL, respectively. The high repeatable, quick, and easy HPLC-PAD system may be further effective for the quantifying TC and 4eTC residues in animal-derived foods.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88521902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1742c
N. Furusawa
The simultaneous measurement of trenbolone acetate and 17(beta)-trenbolone in cattle muscle is described using an affordable, safe, and rapid sample preparation procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis with a photo-diode array detector was carried out on a short C1 column with an isocratic mobile phase. The method was validated through analyses of spiked samples, resulting recoveries ((ge) 87.9%; relative standard deviations (le) 3.4%), analytical total time (< 20 min/sample, where, a batch of 12 samples was completed in 2 hours), and quantitation limits ((le) 1.8 ng/g). The proposed technique for determination of TBa and (beta)-TB in beef (cattle muscle) is a useful tool for the routine residue monitoring in beef and the withdrawal control of beef farm. No harmful organic solvents and reagents were used at all.
同时测量牛肌肉中的醋酸trenbolone和17 (beta) -trenbolone，使用价格合理，安全，快速的样品制备程序，然后是反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)。HPLC分析采用光电二极管阵列检测器，色谱柱为C1短柱，流动相为等等温。通过对加标样品的分析，验证了该方法的有效性，回收率为(ge) 87.9%; relative standard deviations (le) 3.4%), analytical total time (< 20 min/sample, where, a batch of 12 samples was completed in 2 hours), and quantitation limits ((le) 1.8 ng/g). The proposed technique for determination of TBa and (beta)-TB in beef (cattle muscle) is a useful tool for the routine residue monitoring in beef and the withdrawal control of beef farm. No harmful organic solvents and reagents were used at all.
{"title":"Description of a Harmless Method for Determining Trenbolone Acetate Together with 17B-Trenbolone in Beef","authors":"N. Furusawa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1742c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cacb/v9/1742c","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous measurement of trenbolone acetate and 17(beta)-trenbolone in cattle muscle is described using an affordable, safe, and rapid sample preparation procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis with a photo-diode array detector was carried out on a short C1 column with an isocratic mobile phase. The method was validated through analyses of spiked samples, resulting recoveries ((ge) 87.9%; relative standard deviations (le) 3.4%), analytical total time (< 20 min/sample, where, a batch of 12 samples was completed in 2 hours), and quantitation limits ((le) 1.8 ng/g). The proposed technique for determination of TBa and (beta)-TB in beef (cattle muscle) is a useful tool for the routine residue monitoring in beef and the withdrawal control of beef farm. No harmful organic solvents and reagents were used at all.","PeriodicalId":10902,"journal":{"name":"Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90624806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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