Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0003
A. Blais, S. Bowler, B. Grofman
Electoral laws are often regarded as the key factors structuring party competition. Yet, despite having very similar electoral systems, reflecting a shared colonial legacy, the United States (U.S.) and Canada have had very different party systems. For the past 100 years, the U.S. is perhaps the most consistently two-party system among the world’s major democracies, but during this same period Canada has experienced considerable variation in the number of parties represented in Parliament at the national level. This chapter addresses both the causes and consequences of this puzzling divergence in party systems in the two countries. We also compare a number of other features of the two nation’s electoral institutions, including campaign finance rules, rules for constituency boundary drawing, bicameralism, and the mechanism for the selection of the executive, with particular attention to the U.S. Electoral College and its alleged link with two-partyism. We also examine the policy consequences of the divergence in party systems and look at the way in which party competition in the two countries may affect voter turnout.
{"title":"Electoral and Party Systems","authors":"A. Blais, S. Bowler, B. Grofman","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Electoral laws are often regarded as the key factors structuring party competition. Yet, despite having very similar electoral systems, reflecting a shared colonial legacy, the United States (U.S.) and Canada have had very different party systems. For the past 100 years, the U.S. is perhaps the most consistently two-party system among the world’s major democracies, but during this same period Canada has experienced considerable variation in the number of parties represented in Parliament at the national level. This chapter addresses both the causes and consequences of this puzzling divergence in party systems in the two countries. We also compare a number of other features of the two nation’s electoral institutions, including campaign finance rules, rules for constituency boundary drawing, bicameralism, and the mechanism for the selection of the executive, with particular attention to the U.S. Electoral College and its alleged link with two-partyism. We also examine the policy consequences of the divergence in party systems and look at the way in which party competition in the two countries may affect voter turnout.","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74089017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-22DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0009
Gary Mucciaroni, F. Scala
The substantial differences between Canada and the United States (U.S.) on LGBT rights and abortion policies arise from the two nations’ political and institutional conditions. Gays and lesbians in Canada enjoy a comprehensive set of rights while those in the U.S. do not. More recently, the gap between the countries has widened on transgender rights, where the U.S. lags behind Canada. While abortion is not a hotly contested issue in Canada as it is in the U.S., gaps in access to abortion services persist. The key political condition that accounts for these outcomes is the length of time in which liberal policymakers have been in power in Canada and conservatives in the U.S. The separation of powers, primary elections, and legislative fragmentation have also facilitated conservative influence on policy in the U.S., while Canada’s more unified institutions have made it easier for liberals to make comparatively rapid progress in these policy domains.
{"title":"Morality Issues","authors":"Gary Mucciaroni, F. Scala","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190870829.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The substantial differences between Canada and the United States (U.S.) on LGBT rights and abortion policies arise from the two nations’ political and institutional conditions. Gays and lesbians in Canada enjoy a comprehensive set of rights while those in the U.S. do not. More recently, the gap between the countries has widened on transgender rights, where the U.S. lags behind Canada. While abortion is not a hotly contested issue in Canada as it is in the U.S., gaps in access to abortion services persist. The key political condition that accounts for these outcomes is the length of time in which liberal policymakers have been in power in Canada and conservatives in the U.S. The separation of powers, primary elections, and legislative fragmentation have also facilitated conservative influence on policy in the U.S., while Canada’s more unified institutions have made it easier for liberals to make comparatively rapid progress in these policy domains.","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86549071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.4324/9780429036118-12
R. Mines, M. Kaufman
{"title":"Mexican Immigrants: The Labor Market Issue","authors":"R. Mines, M. Kaufman","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91176616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade and Structural Change","authors":"S. Weintraub","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91119859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investment and Debt","authors":"Francisco Gil Díaz","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76315533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Crisis and Thereafter: Macroeconomic Policy Problems in Mexico","authors":"L. Taylor","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78896645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.4324/9780429036118-11
J. Bustamante
{"title":"Mexican Migration to the United States: De Facto Rules","authors":"J. Bustamante","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81613408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Fluctuations in Mexico and the United States","authors":"Pasqual García-Alba, Jaime Serra Puche","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85633386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.4324/9780429036118-14
A. Fishlow
{"title":"Mexico’s Integration into the World Economy","authors":"A. Fishlow","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"2003 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78560111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.4324/9780429036118-15
Francisco Gil Díaz
{"title":"Changing Strategies","authors":"Francisco Gil Díaz","doi":"10.4324/9780429036118-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429036118-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10903,"journal":{"name":"Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85496965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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