Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.203
Mina Matsumura, Koji Murai
Alloplasmic lines or cytoplasmic substitution lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) that have cytoplasm from a related wild Aegilops species through recurrent backcrossing exhibit several useful characteristics for wheat breeding. Using an alloplasmic line initially developed by Professor Tsunewaki, we derived new alloplasmic lines for 14 Japanese bread wheat cultivars with Aegilops mutica cytoplasm to examine the effects of the cytoplasm on agronomic characters. All alloplasmic lines showed delayed heading time (4 to 17 days in the field) compared with the euplasmic lines, and the degree of heading delay depended on VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) genotype. In spring wheat cultivars such as ‘Minaminokaori’ that carry the dominant VRN-A1 allele, the degree of heading delay due to the alien cytoplasm was large; by contrast, in winter wheat cultivars such as ‘Haruibuki’ that carry recessive vrn1 alleles in three homoeologous genes, the heading delay was small. Compared with euplasmic lines, the alloplasmic lines generally showed increased spikelet number per spike, but decreased floret number per spikelet, leading to decreased grain number per spike (GNS). However, GNS varied depending on genotype; in the alloplasmic lines of ‘Nanbukomugi,’ ‘Nebarigoshi,’ and ‘Fukusayaka,’ no decrease in GNS occurred. Furthermore, the ‘Nebarigoshi’ and ‘Fukusayaka’ alloplasmic lines could suppress the decrease in spike number per plant during winter due to delayed flowering. These alloplasmic lines will be useful for the development of varieties adapted to global warming.
{"title":"Effects of cytoplasm from the related wild species <i>Aegilops mutica</i> on agronomic characters in Japanese bread wheat cultivars","authors":"Mina Matsumura, Koji Murai","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.203","url":null,"abstract":"Alloplasmic lines or cytoplasmic substitution lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) that have cytoplasm from a related wild Aegilops species through recurrent backcrossing exhibit several useful characteristics for wheat breeding. Using an alloplasmic line initially developed by Professor Tsunewaki, we derived new alloplasmic lines for 14 Japanese bread wheat cultivars with Aegilops mutica cytoplasm to examine the effects of the cytoplasm on agronomic characters. All alloplasmic lines showed delayed heading time (4 to 17 days in the field) compared with the euplasmic lines, and the degree of heading delay depended on VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) genotype. In spring wheat cultivars such as ‘Minaminokaori’ that carry the dominant VRN-A1 allele, the degree of heading delay due to the alien cytoplasm was large; by contrast, in winter wheat cultivars such as ‘Haruibuki’ that carry recessive vrn1 alleles in three homoeologous genes, the heading delay was small. Compared with euplasmic lines, the alloplasmic lines generally showed increased spikelet number per spike, but decreased floret number per spikelet, leading to decreased grain number per spike (GNS). However, GNS varied depending on genotype; in the alloplasmic lines of ‘Nanbukomugi,’ ‘Nebarigoshi,’ and ‘Fukusayaka,’ no decrease in GNS occurred. Furthermore, the ‘Nebarigoshi’ and ‘Fukusayaka’ alloplasmic lines could suppress the decrease in spike number per plant during winter due to delayed flowering. These alloplasmic lines will be useful for the development of varieties adapted to global warming.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.239
Ciler Kartal, Hazal Nurcan Agirman
In this study, microspore formation (microsporogenesis), gamete formation (microgametogenesis), and pollen features of Silene sangaria, a species endemic to Turkey, was examined cytoembryologically and histochemically. The species is distributed along the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The materials were collected from the coast of Igneada village (Kirklareli province). The anthers, separated by size, were passed through ethyl alcohol concentration series, and embedded in historesin. Sections were sliced using a rotary microtome and stained with toluidine blue O for general histological observations, Coomassie brilliant blue for proteins, and periodic acid-Schiff for insoluble polysaccharides. The aceto-orcein squash technique was used for cytological observations, and lactophenol-aniline blue solution was used to assess pollen viability. The anthers of S. sangaria are tetrasporangiate, and its anther wall development is of basic type. The tapetum is secretory type, and cytokinesis is simultaneous type. As a result of meiotic division of microspore mother cells, 43.5% decussate, 28.2% rhomboidal, 21.1% tetrahedral and 7.2% isobilateral tetrads occur. The released microspores first pass through the first pollen mitosis to form vegetative and generative cells, then the generative cell passes through the second pollen mitosis to form two sperm cells. Pollen grains are three-celled when released from the anther. Pollen viability rate is high (91.82%). Mature pollen grain contains a high concentration of insoluble polysaccharide and protein.
{"title":"Male gametophyte development of <i>Silene sangaria</i> Coode & Cullen (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Turkey","authors":"Ciler Kartal, Hazal Nurcan Agirman","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.239","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, microspore formation (microsporogenesis), gamete formation (microgametogenesis), and pollen features of Silene sangaria, a species endemic to Turkey, was examined cytoembryologically and histochemically. The species is distributed along the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The materials were collected from the coast of Igneada village (Kirklareli province). The anthers, separated by size, were passed through ethyl alcohol concentration series, and embedded in historesin. Sections were sliced using a rotary microtome and stained with toluidine blue O for general histological observations, Coomassie brilliant blue for proteins, and periodic acid-Schiff for insoluble polysaccharides. The aceto-orcein squash technique was used for cytological observations, and lactophenol-aniline blue solution was used to assess pollen viability. The anthers of S. sangaria are tetrasporangiate, and its anther wall development is of basic type. The tapetum is secretory type, and cytokinesis is simultaneous type. As a result of meiotic division of microspore mother cells, 43.5% decussate, 28.2% rhomboidal, 21.1% tetrahedral and 7.2% isobilateral tetrads occur. The released microspores first pass through the first pollen mitosis to form vegetative and generative cells, then the generative cell passes through the second pollen mitosis to form two sperm cells. Pollen grains are three-celled when released from the anther. Pollen viability rate is high (91.82%). Mature pollen grain contains a high concentration of insoluble polysaccharide and protein.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.183
Yasunari Ogihara
Genetic information of plants is preserved in the tripartite organellar, i.e., nucleus, plastome, and chondriome. Each organelle contains its DNA. To characterize the structures of plastome and chondriome in wheat species, the entire sequence of chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA of Chinese Spring wheat was determined. Chloroplast DNA of Chinese Spring wheat conferred the 134,545 bp circular molecule with 20,703 bp inverted repeats and the same size and gene content as those of the rice and maize, indicating the conservation of the plastome among angiosperms. This conservation of the plastome among plant species allows us to investigate the variation of the plastome and their phylogenetic relationships among wheat species in the maternal lineage. On the other hand, the mitochondrial genome of angiosperms revealed complex structures. Consequently, cosmid walking of the mitochondrial DNA in the Chinese Spring wheat was carried out to construct the master copy that contains all reported genes in it. Complex features of the wheat mitochondrial genome through the recombination were able to be clarified. Paternal transmissions of mitochondrial DNAs were disclosed. To conduct the plasmon investigation of wheat species, alloplasmic lines of common wheat, which were systematically produced by Prof. Tsunewaki were indispensable. We sincerely acknowledge his great contribution to the plasmon study of wheat species.
{"title":"Molecular basis of plasmon diversity in <i>Triticum</i> and <i>Aegilops</i>","authors":"Yasunari Ogihara","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.183","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic information of plants is preserved in the tripartite organellar, i.e., nucleus, plastome, and chondriome. Each organelle contains its DNA. To characterize the structures of plastome and chondriome in wheat species, the entire sequence of chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA of Chinese Spring wheat was determined. Chloroplast DNA of Chinese Spring wheat conferred the 134,545 bp circular molecule with 20,703 bp inverted repeats and the same size and gene content as those of the rice and maize, indicating the conservation of the plastome among angiosperms. This conservation of the plastome among plant species allows us to investigate the variation of the plastome and their phylogenetic relationships among wheat species in the maternal lineage. On the other hand, the mitochondrial genome of angiosperms revealed complex structures. Consequently, cosmid walking of the mitochondrial DNA in the Chinese Spring wheat was carried out to construct the master copy that contains all reported genes in it. Complex features of the wheat mitochondrial genome through the recombination were able to be clarified. Paternal transmissions of mitochondrial DNAs were disclosed. To conduct the plasmon investigation of wheat species, alloplasmic lines of common wheat, which were systematically produced by Prof. Tsunewaki were indispensable. We sincerely acknowledge his great contribution to the plasmon study of wheat species.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.233
Eli Heber Martins dos Anjos, Marina Amorim Rocha, Benedicto de Campos Vidal, Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
Sodium valproate (VPA) is an epidrug that inhibits histone deacetylases and favors histone acetylation and DNA demethylation, thereby inducing chromatin remodeling in several cell types. Although VPA induced heterochromatin decondensation in the hemipteran Triatoma infestans, this phenomenon was not favored by histone acetylation. Considering that DNA demethylation leading to chromatin unpacking is another consequence of VPA action in several organisms, we used immunofluorescence to investigate whether cytosine methylation was the target of VPA action that affected heterochromatin remodeling in T. infestans. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to evaluate the participation of cytosine in T. infestans DNA. Immunofluorescence results indicated the absence of 5-methylcytosine signals in heterochromatin, but the presence of these signals in euchromatin, where demethylation was promoted by VPA. The FTIR spectra of T. infestans global DNA exhibited marks indicative of AT richness and a low representation of cytosine contribution. In conclusion, the chromatin remodeling event previously reported in the heterochromatin compartment of T. infestans in response to VPA, which was not due to histone acetylation, was also not due to DNA cytosine demethylation.
{"title":"Exploration of DNA methylation in the chromatin of <i>Triatoma infestans</i> (Klug)","authors":"Eli Heber Martins dos Anjos, Marina Amorim Rocha, Benedicto de Campos Vidal, Maria Luiza Silveira Mello","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.233","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium valproate (VPA) is an epidrug that inhibits histone deacetylases and favors histone acetylation and DNA demethylation, thereby inducing chromatin remodeling in several cell types. Although VPA induced heterochromatin decondensation in the hemipteran Triatoma infestans, this phenomenon was not favored by histone acetylation. Considering that DNA demethylation leading to chromatin unpacking is another consequence of VPA action in several organisms, we used immunofluorescence to investigate whether cytosine methylation was the target of VPA action that affected heterochromatin remodeling in T. infestans. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to evaluate the participation of cytosine in T. infestans DNA. Immunofluorescence results indicated the absence of 5-methylcytosine signals in heterochromatin, but the presence of these signals in euchromatin, where demethylation was promoted by VPA. The FTIR spectra of T. infestans global DNA exhibited marks indicative of AT richness and a low representation of cytosine contribution. In conclusion, the chromatin remodeling event previously reported in the heterochromatin compartment of T. infestans in response to VPA, which was not due to histone acetylation, was also not due to DNA cytosine demethylation.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.177
Naoki Mori
Prof. Tsunewaki dedicated his entire scientific career toward understanding the genetic effects and the diversity of “plasmon”, the whole cytoplasmic genetic system, in the common wheat Triticum and its relative Aegilops. He concluded his life’s work with a set of final experiments to test the genetic autonomy of the plasmon in this complex. They were represented by two interconnected studies. First, the examination of the persistence of genetic effects of Ae. caudata plasmon on the phenotype of the common wheat, Triticum aestivum strain “Tve” (genome: AABBDD) during 63 generations of repeated backcrosses with Tve pollen. The second study involved the reconstruction of an Ae. caudata strain by replacing the nuclear genome of the alloplasmic Tve mentioned above, (caudata)-Tve SB50, with the genome (CC) of Ae. caudata. In this experiment, he tested whether there are any differences between the native plasmon of Ae. caudata and the caudata plasmon that had remained in common wheat for more than 60 generations. This paper reviews the outline and background of the last work of Prof. Koichiro Tsunewaki.
{"title":"Testing the genetic autonomy of the plasmon in the <i>Triticum–Aegilops</i> complex: The final work of Prof. Koichiro Tsunewaki","authors":"Naoki Mori","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.177","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. Tsunewaki dedicated his entire scientific career toward understanding the genetic effects and the diversity of “plasmon”, the whole cytoplasmic genetic system, in the common wheat Triticum and its relative Aegilops. He concluded his life’s work with a set of final experiments to test the genetic autonomy of the plasmon in this complex. They were represented by two interconnected studies. First, the examination of the persistence of genetic effects of Ae. caudata plasmon on the phenotype of the common wheat, Triticum aestivum strain “Tve” (genome: AABBDD) during 63 generations of repeated backcrosses with Tve pollen. The second study involved the reconstruction of an Ae. caudata strain by replacing the nuclear genome of the alloplasmic Tve mentioned above, (caudata)-Tve SB50, with the genome (CC) of Ae. caudata. In this experiment, he tested whether there are any differences between the native plasmon of Ae. caudata and the caudata plasmon that had remained in common wheat for more than 60 generations. This paper reviews the outline and background of the last work of Prof. Koichiro Tsunewaki.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.197
Koji Murai
Photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under long-day (LD) photoperiods (≧15 h) has been proposed as a two-line system for producing hybrid varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). PCMS lines are maintained by self-pollination under short-day (SD) conditions (＜15 h), while outcrossing PCMS plants to a T. aestivum pollinator line under LD conditions produces hybrid seeds. In this system, it is not necessary to have maintainer lines in order to sustain the PCMS lines. Several promising elite PCMS lines with a Japanese wheat cultivar ‘Fukuotome’ genetic background have been developed; these lines show high cross-pollination fertility and high male sterility under LD conditions, and high seed fertility under SD conditions. In addition, the European wheat cultivar ‘Fortunato’ was found to be suitable for use in the PCMS system. Through the use of the PCMS elite lines and the selected pollinator line, F1 seeds have been produced under LD conditions in Hokkaido, Japan, and the agronomic characters of F1 hybrids have been examined under SD conditions in Fukui, Japan. The results indicate the practicality of using this PCMS system for hybrid wheat production in Japan.
{"title":"Hybrid wheat breeding using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by <i>Aegilops crassa</i> cytoplasm","authors":"Koji Murai","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.197","url":null,"abstract":"Photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under long-day (LD) photoperiods (≧15 h) has been proposed as a two-line system for producing hybrid varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). PCMS lines are maintained by self-pollination under short-day (SD) conditions (＜15 h), while outcrossing PCMS plants to a T. aestivum pollinator line under LD conditions produces hybrid seeds. In this system, it is not necessary to have maintainer lines in order to sustain the PCMS lines. Several promising elite PCMS lines with a Japanese wheat cultivar ‘Fukuotome’ genetic background have been developed; these lines show high cross-pollination fertility and high male sterility under LD conditions, and high seed fertility under SD conditions. In addition, the European wheat cultivar ‘Fortunato’ was found to be suitable for use in the PCMS system. Through the use of the PCMS elite lines and the selected pollinator line, F1 seeds have been produced under LD conditions in Hokkaido, Japan, and the agronomic characters of F1 hybrids have been examined under SD conditions in Fukui, Japan. The results indicate the practicality of using this PCMS system for hybrid wheat production in Japan.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.217
Nasrin Zahan, Kazi Nahida Begum
Meiotic study revealed the presence of B chromosomes in two species of Trigonella L. Meiotic abnormalities, pollen fertility, and chiasma frequency were taken into consideration to investigate the effects of B chromosomes. Several meiotic abnormalities were observed as a consequence of chromatin stickiness and abnormal spindle activity such as asynchronous condition, precocious movement, clumping, chromosome breakage, vagrant chromosome, cytomixis, polar tendency, unequal distribution, laggard chromosome, tri-polarity and disturbed polarity. Stickiness of the chromosome was found to be dominant over the other meiotic abnormalities in both metaphase-I/II and anaphase-I/II. Here, B chromosomes showed a neutralizing effect on meiotic abnormality and had an inert control over chiasma frequency thus producing fertile pollen. Nowadays, studying B chromosomes became an important fact because the contribution of B chromosome in plants is not well known to all.
{"title":"Meiotic behavior of B chromosome in two species of <i>Trigonella</i> L. from Bangladesh","authors":"Nasrin Zahan, Kazi Nahida Begum","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.217","url":null,"abstract":"Meiotic study revealed the presence of B chromosomes in two species of Trigonella L. Meiotic abnormalities, pollen fertility, and chiasma frequency were taken into consideration to investigate the effects of B chromosomes. Several meiotic abnormalities were observed as a consequence of chromatin stickiness and abnormal spindle activity such as asynchronous condition, precocious movement, clumping, chromosome breakage, vagrant chromosome, cytomixis, polar tendency, unequal distribution, laggard chromosome, tri-polarity and disturbed polarity. Stickiness of the chromosome was found to be dominant over the other meiotic abnormalities in both metaphase-I/II and anaphase-I/II. Here, B chromosomes showed a neutralizing effect on meiotic abnormality and had an inert control over chiasma frequency thus producing fertile pollen. Nowadays, studying B chromosomes became an important fact because the contribution of B chromosome in plants is not well known to all.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular cytological identification of the gametocidal chromosome discovered by Endo and Tsunewaki (1975) in an alloplasmic wheat","authors":"Shuhei Nasuda, Kazuki Murata, Hiroyuki Kakui, Koichi Yamamori, Takanori Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Submergence and waterlogging stresses inhibit wheat growth and cause yield loss by affecting photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration through changing antioxidant systems and reducing accumulation and remobilization of photosynthetic products. Nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) interactions have been shown to affect sensitivity to submergence stress in wheat. We performed RNA-seq analysis of genes that show differential expression in response to submergence stress imposed during imbibition and germination of wheat seeds. W employed NC hybrids with low (T-type plasmon) and high (U-type plasmon) sensitivity and their wheat nuclear donor cv. CS. In addition, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to estimate their transcriptional characteristics. Among DEGs down-regulated by submergence stress, ones with GO terms such as “response to oxygen-containing compound”, “response to acid chemical” and “response to jasmonic acid” were significantly enriched in all lines. On the other hand, GO terms “related to cell wall” were highly enriched in genes up-regulated in NC hybrid with U-type plasmon. Our results revealed comprehensive gene expression patterns induced under submergence stress in what. It was also suggested that the expressions of different groups of genes were differentially regulated depending on different cytoplasm types in response to submergence stress in wheat.
{"title":"Comprehensive gene expression analysis of submergence stress response in nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid wheat","authors":"Shotaro Takenaka, Tsuyoshi Furumoto, Chiharu Nakamura","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.209","url":null,"abstract":"Submergence and waterlogging stresses inhibit wheat growth and cause yield loss by affecting photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration through changing antioxidant systems and reducing accumulation and remobilization of photosynthetic products. Nucleus-cytoplasm (NC) interactions have been shown to affect sensitivity to submergence stress in wheat. We performed RNA-seq analysis of genes that show differential expression in response to submergence stress imposed during imbibition and germination of wheat seeds. W employed NC hybrids with low (T-type plasmon) and high (U-type plasmon) sensitivity and their wheat nuclear donor cv. CS. In addition, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to estimate their transcriptional characteristics. Among DEGs down-regulated by submergence stress, ones with GO terms such as “response to oxygen-containing compound”, “response to acid chemical” and “response to jasmonic acid” were significantly enriched in all lines. On the other hand, GO terms “related to cell wall” were highly enriched in genes up-regulated in NC hybrid with U-type plasmon. Our results revealed comprehensive gene expression patterns induced under submergence stress in what. It was also suggested that the expressions of different groups of genes were differentially regulated depending on different cytoplasm types in response to submergence stress in wheat.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.225
Ali Bouzekri, Meryem Nassar, Souheila Slimani
Spirotetramat (SPT) is a new insecticide derivative of tetronic acid used extensively in agriculture to enhance the protection of major food crops against scales and aphids. This study aims to determine SPT’s cytotoxic and genotoxic effects using two model plants, Allium cepa and Vicia faba. This evaluation consists of studying the root growth, morphology, and color and the parameters of mitotic index (MI) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) as accurate toxicity markers. Our results showed a significant decrease in mean root length in A. cepa from the 0.0025% concentration. In contrast, a substantial reduction in mean root length in V. faba was recorded only at the 0.02% concentration. Furthermore, the MI was decreased proportionally with increasing concentration and time of exposure to SPT. A significant increase in CAs was observed in A. cepa and V. faba from the 0.0025% concentration after 24 h of treatment. The substantial reduction in MI and abundance of CAs indicated strong genotoxicity of SPT. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that SPT could be absorbed by the exposed plant or other non-target organisms in the proximity, causing damage to agricultural plants, affecting their genomes, and harming the environment.
{"title":"The insecticide spirotetramat may induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on meristematic cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> L. and <i>Vicia faba</i> L.","authors":"Ali Bouzekri, Meryem Nassar, Souheila Slimani","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.225","url":null,"abstract":"Spirotetramat (SPT) is a new insecticide derivative of tetronic acid used extensively in agriculture to enhance the protection of major food crops against scales and aphids. This study aims to determine SPT’s cytotoxic and genotoxic effects using two model plants, Allium cepa and Vicia faba. This evaluation consists of studying the root growth, morphology, and color and the parameters of mitotic index (MI) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) as accurate toxicity markers. Our results showed a significant decrease in mean root length in A. cepa from the 0.0025% concentration. In contrast, a substantial reduction in mean root length in V. faba was recorded only at the 0.02% concentration. Furthermore, the MI was decreased proportionally with increasing concentration and time of exposure to SPT. A significant increase in CAs was observed in A. cepa and V. faba from the 0.0025% concentration after 24 h of treatment. The substantial reduction in MI and abundance of CAs indicated strong genotoxicity of SPT. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that SPT could be absorbed by the exposed plant or other non-target organisms in the proximity, causing damage to agricultural plants, affecting their genomes, and harming the environment.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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