Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.273
Mio K. Shibuta, Sachihiro Matsunaga
Flowering plants have immotile sperm cells that are delivered to the female gametes by the pollen tube cell. Although the sperm chromatin in flowering plants is highly condensed like animal sperm chromatin, it is generally accepted that the transcription status in the sperm chromatin of flowering plants is active because of the existence of active gene promoters and active histone modification status. However, the level of transcriptional activity in the sperm chromatin of flowering plants has remained unknown. In this study, we observed the distribution of C-terminal domain-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which represents a transcriptionally active status in living pollen, and fixed isolated vegetative and sperm nuclei of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the transcriptionally active regions were highly limited in sperm chromatin compared with those in vegetative chromatin. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that the transcription of some RNAPII subunit-encoding genes was highly suppressed in sperm cells, suggesting that the amount of functional RNAPII would be small. In addition, the C-terminal domains of some RNAPII phosphatase-encoding genes, which act as a regulator of the transcription cycle, were actively transcribed in sperm cells. These findings indicate that transcriptional activity is highly suppressed in the sperm chromatin in A. thaliana due to the lack of completely assembled RNAPII and the inhibition of transcriptional elongation of RNAPII by the phosphatase activities.
{"title":"Transcriptionally active regions are highly limited in the nucleus of the plant sperm cell","authors":"Mio K. Shibuta, Sachihiro Matsunaga","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.273","url":null,"abstract":"Flowering plants have immotile sperm cells that are delivered to the female gametes by the pollen tube cell. Although the sperm chromatin in flowering plants is highly condensed like animal sperm chromatin, it is generally accepted that the transcription status in the sperm chromatin of flowering plants is active because of the existence of active gene promoters and active histone modification status. However, the level of transcriptional activity in the sperm chromatin of flowering plants has remained unknown. In this study, we observed the distribution of C-terminal domain-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which represents a transcriptionally active status in living pollen, and fixed isolated vegetative and sperm nuclei of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the transcriptionally active regions were highly limited in sperm chromatin compared with those in vegetative chromatin. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that the transcription of some RNAPII subunit-encoding genes was highly suppressed in sperm cells, suggesting that the amount of functional RNAPII would be small. In addition, the C-terminal domains of some RNAPII phosphatase-encoding genes, which act as a regulator of the transcription cycle, were actively transcribed in sperm cells. These findings indicate that transcriptional activity is highly suppressed in the sperm chromatin in A. thaliana due to the lack of completely assembled RNAPII and the inhibition of transcriptional elongation of RNAPII by the phosphatase activities.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The popular ornamental flowering plant Dianthus hybrida cv. Telstar Scarlet has been found to exhibit two populations, each with distinct flower morphology: female-like and hermaphroditic. In this work, flower development of D. hybrida was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, light- or stereo- microscopy, from flower meristem formation to the fully matured, open flower. The difference between hermaphrodite and female-like plants was initially marked by the phenomenon of anther shrinking in the latter, which was closely associated with pollen shrinking phenomenon, and soon followed by differential elongation rates of pistils and stamens. Furthermore, the female-like anther, albeit exhibiting delay in pollen development initially, could produce microspores, resembling its hermaphrodite counterparts at some point, before shrinking. However, female-like’s pollen and cell wall size never became as large as the hermaphrodite’s.
{"title":"Developmental differences between hermaphrodite and female-like flowers in a non-model horticultural plant <i>Dianthus hybrida</i>","authors":"Alvin Sanjaya, Taiki Kobayashi, Ryo Nishijima, Harue Shinoyama, Yusuke Kazama","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.265","url":null,"abstract":"The popular ornamental flowering plant Dianthus hybrida cv. Telstar Scarlet has been found to exhibit two populations, each with distinct flower morphology: female-like and hermaphroditic. In this work, flower development of D. hybrida was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, light- or stereo- microscopy, from flower meristem formation to the fully matured, open flower. The difference between hermaphrodite and female-like plants was initially marked by the phenomenon of anther shrinking in the latter, which was closely associated with pollen shrinking phenomenon, and soon followed by differential elongation rates of pistils and stamens. Furthermore, the female-like anther, albeit exhibiting delay in pollen development initially, could produce microspores, resembling its hermaphrodite counterparts at some point, before shrinking. However, female-like’s pollen and cell wall size never became as large as the hermaphrodite’s.","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.147
Y. Kıran, Leyla Yıldırım, G. Dogan, H. Eroğlu, S. M. Pinar
{"title":"Karyomorphological Investigation of the Eight Species of the Muscari Genus Botryanthus Subgenus Growing in Turkey","authors":"Y. Kıran, Leyla Yıldırım, G. Dogan, H. Eroğlu, S. M. Pinar","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meiotic Behavior and Postmeiotic Pollen Formation in the F1 Hybrid Streptocarpus grandis×S. rexii (Gesneriaceae) and Its Parents","authors":"M. Möller, N. Kelso, K. Nishii","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49519047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment of Silene latifolia Flower Buds with Peptides Containing Gynoecium-Suppressing Functions","authors":"Taiki Kobayashi, Moe Kitoh, S. Kawano, Y. Kazama","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49623372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.137
Ashley B. Borseth, Kristen D. Felt, Emily L. Stowe, L. Paliulis
{"title":"Segregation of the Univalent X Chromosome in the Two-Striped Planthopper Acanalonia bivittata","authors":"Ashley B. Borseth, Kristen D. Felt, Emily L. Stowe, L. Paliulis","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.111
N. Aslam, A. Wani, A. H. Ganie, I. A. Nawchoo
{"title":"Existence of Two Cytotypes of Peganum harmala L. in Kashmir Himalaya and Ladakh Trans Himalaya of India","authors":"N. Aslam, A. Wani, A. H. Ganie, I. A. Nawchoo","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.161
Yoshiko Kono, C. Peng, K. Oginuma, Hsun-An Yang, Kuo-Fang Chung
{"title":"Cytological Study of Begonia Sections Jackia, Platycentrum and Reichenheimia (Begoniaceae) with Chromosome Numbers 2n=34 and 38","authors":"Yoshiko Kono, C. Peng, K. Oginuma, Hsun-An Yang, Kuo-Fang Chung","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.88.121
I. Mine, G. Kawasaki, S. Sekida
{"title":"Changes in the Arrangement of Cellulose Microfibrils during Cell Wall Regeneration in the Protoplast of the Giant-Celled Green Alga Valonia utricularis (Ulvophyceae)","authors":"I. Mine, G. Kawasaki, S. Sekida","doi":"10.1508/cytologia.88.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.88.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10992,"journal":{"name":"Cytologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42899398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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