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2017 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)最新文献

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An efficient energy-driven scheduling of DVFS-multicore systems with a hierarchy of shared memories 具有共享内存层次结构的dvfs -多核系统的高效能量驱动调度
Jalil Boudjadar
Nowadays, multicore platforms are being widely used for the deployment of embedded systems due to their potential in terms of processing capacity. However, the resulting interleaving and memory interference make real-time guarantees of safety critical systems hard to be delivered. Beside to safety requirements, energy consumption represents a strong constraint for the deployment of such systems as they operate on energy-limited sources. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) was introduced as a technology to reduce the energy consumption of systems by tuning the frequency of processing cores according to the workload. One way of improving schedulability could be by running all cores with maximum frequency. Nevertheless, it has been proved in the literature that this solution is not optimal because it drains the battery energy and leads to eternal bottleneck as the number of memory requests increases linearly with the cores frequency. In this paper, we introduce a framework for fine grained specification and formal analysis of the schedulability and performance of DVFS-multicore systems having a hierarchy of shared memories. We design a collaborative scheduling algorithm to reduce the energy consumption and improve cores utilization. Our collaborative scheduling technique drives the scheduling of a core according to the adopted policy and the resulting memory interference. To that end, our framework provides the ability to run other ready tasks, when the current running tasks fall in a dense memory interference queue, rather than stalling on the memory interference.
如今,多核平台由于其在处理能力方面的潜力而被广泛用于嵌入式系统的部署。然而,由此产生的交错和内存干扰使得安全关键系统的实时保障难以实现。除了安全要求外,由于此类系统在能源有限的资源上运行,因此能源消耗是部署此类系统的一个强大制约因素。动态电压和频率缩放(DVFS)是一种根据工作负载调整处理内核频率以降低系统能耗的技术。提高可调度性的一种方法可能是以最高频率运行所有内核。然而,在文献中已经证明,这种解决方案不是最优的,因为它消耗电池能量,并导致永恒的瓶颈,因为内存请求的数量随着核心频率的线性增加。在本文中,我们引入了一个框架,用于具有共享内存层次结构的dvfs -多核系统的可调度性和性能的细粒度规范和形式化分析。为了降低能耗,提高核心利用率,设计了一种协同调度算法。我们的协同调度技术根据所采用的策略和产生的内存干扰来驱动内核的调度。为此,我们的框架提供了运行其他就绪任务的能力,当当前运行的任务落在密集的内存干扰队列中时,而不是在内存干扰上停滞。
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引用次数: 4
Toward a formalism to study the scheduling of cyber-physical systems simulations 面向网络物理系统仿真调度的形式化研究
H. Deschamps, G. Cappello, J. Cardoso, P. Siron
This paper presents ongoing work on the formalism of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) simulations. These systems are distributed real-time systems, and their simulations might be distributed or not. In this paper, we propose a model to describe the modular components forming a simulation of a CPS. The main goal is to introduce a model of generic simulation distributed architecture, on which we are able to execute a logical architecture of simulation. This architecture of simulation allows the expression of structural and behavioural constraints on the simulation, abstracting its execution. We will propose two implementations of the execution architecture based on generic architectures of distributed simulation: The High Level Architecture (HLA), an IEEE standard for distributed simulation, and one of its open-source implementation of RunTime Infrastructure (RTI): CERTI. The Distributed Simulation Scheduler (DSS), an Airbus framework scheduling predefined models. Finally, we present the initial results obtained applying our formalism to the open-source case study from the ROSACE case study.
本文介绍了正在进行的网络物理系统(CPS)模拟的形式化工作。这些系统是分布式实时系统,它们的模拟可能是分布式的,也可能不是分布式的。在本文中,我们提出了一个模型来描述组成CPS仿真的模块化组件。主要目标是引入一个通用仿真分布式体系结构模型,在该模型上我们能够执行仿真的逻辑体系结构。这种模拟体系结构允许在模拟上表达结构和行为约束,抽象其执行。我们将提出基于分布式仿真通用体系结构的两种执行体系结构实现:高级体系结构(HLA),分布式仿真的IEEE标准,以及运行时基础结构(RTI)的一个开源实现:CERTI。分布式仿真调度程序(DSS),一个空中客车框架调度预定义模型。最后,我们给出了将我们的形式主义应用于ROSACE案例研究的开源案例研究的初步结果。
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引用次数: 6
HOLEG: A simulator for evaluating resilient energy networks based on the Holon analogy HOLEG:基于Holon类比的弹性能源网络评估模拟器
Rolf Egert, Carlos Garcia Cordero, A. Tundis, M. Mühlhäuser
The process of designing and evaluating distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) is not a trivial task. There are many challenges to tackle such as managing distributed resources, enabling communication between components, and choosing performance metrics to evaluate the “goodness” of the system. Smart Grids (SGs) are prominent representatives of CPSs, a particular type of Critical Infrastructure (CI), whose organizational model is becoming more distributed and dynamic. Due to this paradigm shift, new control and management mechanisms need to be identified and tested to guarantee uninterrupted operation. However, novel approaches cannot always be tested against real networks as the economic cost and risk can be high. In contrast, modeling and simulation techniques are viable evaluation mechanisms that support the continuous evolution of CIs. In this paper, we present an Open Source time-discrete simulation software, called HOLEG, that models and evaluates SGs. The software is based on the Holon analogy, a bio-inspired approach that enables systems resilience through flexible reconfiguration mechanisms. The presented software provides features that enable the integration and execution of optimization algorithms along with their evaluation. To demonstrate HOLEG, a case study is presented where a heuristic algorithm is implemented to minimize wasted energy while preventing network destabilization.
设计和评估分布式信息物理系统(cps)的过程不是一项简单的任务。有许多挑战需要解决,例如管理分布式资源,支持组件之间的通信,以及选择性能指标来评估系统的“优点”。智能电网(SGs)是cps的杰出代表,cps是一种特殊类型的关键基础设施(CI),其组织模型正变得更加分布式和动态。由于这种模式的转变,需要确定和测试新的控制和管理机制,以保证不间断的运行。然而,由于经济成本和风险可能很高,新方法并不总是能在实际网络中进行测试。相比之下,建模和仿真技术是支持ci持续发展的可行评估机制。在本文中,我们提出了一个开源的时间离散仿真软件,称为HOLEG,用于模拟和评估SGs。该软件基于Holon类比,这是一种受生物启发的方法,通过灵活的重新配置机制使系统具有弹性。所提出的软件提供了使优化算法的集成和执行以及它们的评估成为可能的特性。为了演示HOLEG,提出了一个案例研究,其中实现了启发式算法,以最大限度地减少浪费的能量,同时防止网络不稳定。
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引用次数: 7
An HLA-based BPMN extension for the specification of business process collaborations 用于业务流程协作规范的基于hla的BPMN扩展
Paolo Bocciarelli, A. D’Ambrogio, Emiliano Paglia, Andrea Giglio
Inter-organization business process collaboration is one of the most significant factors driving today's global business development. Such collaborations are typically composed by various processes executed by different organizations and are often difficult to specify and analyze, due to their distributed nature and to data interoperability issues. The standard notation for business process modeling, namely BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), only provides a limited support to the specification of collaborations. This paper introduces a data model extension of BPMN inspired by the HLA (High Level Architecture) distributed simulation standard. In addition, the paper proposes a metamodel-based mapping from BPMN to HLA, which can be seen as a significant step towards the implementation of a conceptual framework for specifying and analyzing collaborative business processes by use of distributed simulation approaches.
组织间业务流程协作是推动当今全球业务发展的最重要因素之一。这种协作通常由不同组织执行的各种流程组成,由于其分布式特性和数据互操作性问题,通常难以指定和分析。业务流程建模的标准表示法,即BPMN(业务流程模型和表示法),仅为协作规范提供有限的支持。本文介绍了受HLA (High Level Architecture)分布式仿真标准启发的BPMN数据模型扩展。此外,本文还提出了从BPMN到HLA的基于元模型的映射,这可以被视为实现概念框架的重要一步,通过使用分布式仿真方法来指定和分析协作业务流程。
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引用次数: 4
Statistical model checking of distributed real-time actor systems 分布式实时参与者系统的统计模型检验
L. Nigro, P. F. Sciammarella
This paper proposes an approach to modelling and analysis of distributed real-time actor systems, which is based on the Uppaal statistical model checker (SMC). SMC was chosen because it automatizes simulations, offers a temporal logic language to formalize specifications and exploits statistical techniques to infer quantitative measures about a model. The approach is integrated in a system life-cycle where a same model can be transitioned without distortions from analysis down to design and implementation, currently based on Java. The paper describes the adopted actor modelling language and its architectural framework, illustrates the Uppaal SMC approach and demonstrates its practical usefulness through a running example.
本文提出了一种基于Uppaal统计模型检查器(SMC)的分布式实时参与者系统建模与分析方法。选择SMC是因为它可以自动化模拟,提供一种时间逻辑语言来形式化规范,并利用统计技术来推断关于模型的定量度量。该方法集成在系统生命周期中,在系统生命周期中,可以将相同的模型从分析转换到设计和实现,而不会产生扭曲,目前基于Java。本文描述了所采用的角色建模语言及其体系结构框架,阐述了Uppaal SMC方法,并通过运行实例说明了该方法的实用性。
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引用次数: 6
Dynamically distributed network control for message dissemination in ITS 动态分布式网络控制在ITS中的消息传播
Anuj Kaul, K. Obraczka, Mateus A. S. Santos, Christian Esteve Rothenberg, T. Turletti
We propose D2-ITS, a flexible and extensible framework to dynamically distribute network control to enable message dissemination in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). By decoupling the control-from the data plane, D2-ITS leverages network programmability to address ITS scalability, delay intolerance and decentralization. It uses a distributed control plane based on a hierarchy of controllers that can dynamically adjust to environment- and network conditions in order to satisfy ITS application requirements. We demonstrate the benefits of D2-ITS through a proof-of-concept prototype using the ns-3 simulation platform. Results indicate lower message delivery latency with minimal additional overhead.
我们提出D2-ITS,一个灵活的和可扩展的框架,动态分配网络控制,使信息传播在智能交通系统(ITS)。通过将控制与数据平面解耦,D2-ITS利用网络可编程性来解决ITS的可扩展性、延迟不容性和分散性。它使用基于控制器层次结构的分布式控制平面,可以根据环境和网络条件动态调整,以满足ITS应用需求。我们通过使用ns-3仿真平台的概念验证原型展示了D2-ITS的优势。结果表明更低的消息传递延迟和最小的额外开销。
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引用次数: 13
Self-adaptive mechanism for coalitions formation in a robot network 机器人网络中联盟形成的自适应机制
Nunzia Palmieri, Xin-She Yang, F. Rango
We study a situation where a swarm of robots is deployed to handle multiple different targets in a confined unknown area. The targets are found in real time and each target requires a certain amount of resources. An individual robot may not have sufficient capabilities for its execution, therefore an announcement process can start. We address the issue of how each robot responds itself to one of the discovered targets in an efficient way, considering a dynamic scenario where failure of the robots and unreliable communications unpredictably can occur. We propose a network architecture that incorporates a self-regulating mechanism allowing the distribution among the targets, with the minimal exchange of information. We have conducted experiments for evaluating our proposed approach in a simulated environment, considering different network parameters and studying the scalability and the robustness of the proposed model.
我们研究了一种情况,一群机器人被部署在一个有限的未知区域处理多个不同的目标。目标是实时发现的,每个目标需要一定的资源。单个机器人可能没有足够的执行能力,因此可以启动公告过程。考虑到机器人故障和不可预测的不可靠通信可能发生的动态场景,我们解决了每个机器人如何以有效的方式对发现的目标之一做出反应的问题。我们提出了一种包含自我调节机制的网络架构,允许在目标之间进行分布,并以最小的信息交换。我们已经在模拟环境中进行了实验来评估我们提出的方法,考虑了不同的网络参数,并研究了所提出模型的可扩展性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
ORCHESTRA: An asynchronous wait-free distributed GVT algorithm ORCHESTRA:一种异步无等待分布式GVT算法
T. Tocci, Alessandro Pellegrini, F. Quaglia, J. Casanovas, T. Suzumura
Taking advantage of computing capabilities offered by modern parallel and distributed architectures is fundamental to run large-scale simulation models based on the Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) paradigm. By relying on this computing organization, it is possible to effectively overcome both the power and the memory wall, which are core limiting aspects to deliver high-performance simulations. This is even more the case when relying on the speculative Time Warp synchronization protocol, which could be particularly memory greedy. At the same time, some form of coordination, such as the computation of the Global Virtual Time (GVT), is required by Time Warp Systems. These coordination points could easily become the bottleneck of large-scale simulations, hindering an efficient exploitation of the computing power offered by large supercomputing facilities. In this paper we present ORCHESTRA, a coordination algorithm which is both wait-free and asynchronous. The nature of this algorithm allows any computing node to carry on simulation activities while the global agreement is reached, thus offering an effective building block to achieve scalable PDES. We claim that the general organization of ORCHESTRA could be adopted by different high-performance computing applications, thus paving the way to a more effective usage of modern computing infrastructures.
利用现代并行和分布式架构提供的计算能力是运行基于并行离散事件仿真(PDES)范例的大规模仿真模型的基础。通过依赖这种计算组织,可以有效地克服功率和内存墙,这是提供高性能模拟的核心限制方面。在依赖推测性的Time Warp同步协议时更是如此,因为它可能特别占用内存。同时,时间扭曲系统还需要进行某种形式的协调,如全局虚拟时间(GVT)的计算。这些协调点很容易成为大规模模拟的瓶颈,阻碍了大型超级计算设施提供的计算能力的有效利用。本文提出了一种无等待、异步的协调算法——ORCHESTRA。该算法的性质允许任何计算节点在达成全局协议的同时进行模拟活动,从而为实现可扩展的PDES提供了有效的构建块。我们声称ORCHESTRA的一般组织可以被不同的高性能计算应用所采用,从而为更有效地使用现代计算基础设施铺平道路。
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引用次数: 3
Real-time GPU-accelerated social media sentiment processing and visualization 实时gpu加速社交媒体情绪处理和可视化
Eugene Ch’ng, Ziyang Chen, S. See
Data visualization is an important aspect of data analytics in an age where decisions are all based on information. Approaches in data visualization, particularly those that have the capability of processing large-scale textual datasets and visualize them as structured information in real-time can be useful for monitoring trends in social media. In this article, we present our GPU accelerated project, which uses CUDA to distribute and parallelize the processing and analysis of textual data in order to visualize information in real-time, or close to real-time as a foundational system for the future of real-time applications which monitors trends in social media, applicable to political elections, social media analytics, and other needs in computational social sciences which are time-critical.
在一个决策都基于信息的时代,数据可视化是数据分析的一个重要方面。数据可视化的方法,特别是那些能够处理大规模文本数据集并将其实时可视化为结构化信息的方法,对于监测社交媒体的趋势非常有用。在本文中,我们介绍了我们的GPU加速项目,该项目使用CUDA来分发和并行处理文本数据和分析,以便实时或接近实时地将信息可视化,作为未来实时应用程序的基础系统,用于监控社交媒体趋势,适用于政治选举,社交媒体分析,以及计算社会科学中对时间至关重要的其他需求。
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引用次数: 3
Integration of Omnet++ simulator with Matlab for realizing an adaptive beamforming system 将omnet++模拟器与Matlab集成,实现自适应波束形成系统
Vincenzo Inzillo, A. Santamaria, A. Ariza-Quintana
Simulations in complex network scenario environments such as Adaptive Beamforming Networks (ABFN), are very expensive in terms of computational costs. To reduce the overall computational burden, we propose to integrate Omnet++ simulator with Matlab in order to provide a co-simulation model for allowing an efficient communication system that is able to emulate high complexity simulation contexts.
在复杂的网络场景环境中进行仿真,如自适应波束形成网络(ABFN),其计算成本非常昂贵。为了减少总体计算负担,我们建议将omnet++模拟器与Matlab集成,以提供一个联合仿真模型,从而实现能够模拟高复杂性仿真环境的高效通信系统。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2017 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)
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