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2017 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)最新文献

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Agent-based decentralized traffic signal timing 基于agent的分散交通信号授时
Behnam Torabi, R. Wenkstern, Robert Saylor
In this paper we discuss a multi-agent cooperative approach for decentralized, coordinated traffic systems. Intersection controllers are equipped with agents, i.e., autonomous software systems which are capable of communicating and cooperating with one another to achieve an individual or global goal. Our approach is based on real-world traffic parameters and constraints, and is meant to be implemented in existing traffic systems with minimal changes. Experimental results show that the agent-based approach outperforms the traditional pre-timed and actuated modes when traffic is heavy.
本文讨论了分散协调交通系统的多智能体协作方法。交叉口控制器配备了agent,即能够相互通信和合作以实现单个或全局目标的自主软件系统。我们的方法基于现实世界的交通参数和约束,旨在以最小的变化在现有的交通系统中实现。实验结果表明,在流量较大的情况下,基于智能体的方法优于传统的预定时和驱动模式。
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引用次数: 2
Automated memoization: Automatically identifying memoization units in simulation parameter studies 自动记忆:在模拟参数研究中自动识别记忆单元
Mirko Stoffers, Ralf Bettermann, Klaus Wehrle
Simulations, and in particular large scale parameter studies, typically exhibit a considerable amount of redundancies. These redundancies can be avoided by memoization, a technique that stores and re-uses intermediate results. This requires a Memoization Unit (MU) to be identified first and then transformed. We have recently enabled the automation of the second step to also be applicable to impure computations, allowing it to become a valuable tool for the modeling and simulation domain. However, the first step still needs to be performed manually. Hence, the user needs to understand the model and the concept of memoization well enough to specify which computations to annotate for memoization. In this paper, we describe our approach to automatically identify memoization-worth computations. Input to this algorithm is an unmodified parameter study. After identifying the most promising memoization opportunities, we use the existing automated memoization tool to create a memoized parameter study, which can then be executed quickly. Our evaluation shows that our automated approach is able to identify those MUs that previously had to be annotated manually. This identification takes less than 2 minutes for a case study that without memoization takes several hours.
模拟,特别是大规模参数研究,通常表现出相当多的冗余。这些冗余可以通过记忆来避免,这是一种存储和重用中间结果的技术。这需要首先识别记忆单元(MU),然后进行转换。我们最近使第二步的自动化也适用于非纯计算,使其成为建模和仿真领域的一个有价值的工具。但是,第一步仍然需要手动执行。因此,用户需要很好地理解模型和记忆的概念,以便指定为记忆注释哪些计算。在本文中,我们描述了自动识别值得记忆的计算的方法。该算法的输入是一个未修改的参数研究。在确定最有希望的记忆机会之后,我们使用现有的自动化记忆工具来创建一个记忆参数研究,然后可以快速执行。我们的评估表明,我们的自动化方法能够识别那些以前必须手动注释的mu。对于一个案例研究来说,这种识别只需要不到2分钟的时间,而没有记忆则需要几个小时。
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引用次数: 2
Study on performance of networked dead reckoning for real vehicles 真实车辆网络化航位推算性能研究
M. Fujinami, Y. Mizukoshi
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology based on Wi-Fi technology has recently been used to prevent vehicles from colliding with each other. However, in V2V communications, radio waves cannot be diffracted well enough at intersections at which vehicles cannot detect each other. Therefore, such technology might not prevent traffic accidents from occurring. In this study, we used mobile networks to exchange location information, such as longitude and latitude, every 100 msec and enable vehicles to use the information to predict the locations of surrounding vehicles of near future and avoid traffic accidents in any situation. However, the LTE network will become overloaded with radio resources, and data fees might become too expensive. Therefore, we have to reduce the amount of data packets to 2% and maintain location accuracy in the location-management servers at the same time. In this study, by using networked dead reckoning and our vehicle motion model, we developed a data reduction/compression and communication method to reduce the uploading frequency of location information from clients to servers in the LTE network and maintain the accuracy of location prediction at location-management severs.
最近,以Wi-Fi技术为基础的车对车(V2V)通信技术被用于防止车辆之间的碰撞。然而,在车对车通信中,无线电波在交叉路口无法很好地衍射,车辆无法相互检测。因此,这种技术可能无法防止交通事故的发生。在本研究中,我们利用移动网络每隔100毫秒交换一次位置信息,如经纬度等,使车辆能够利用这些信息预测近期周围车辆的位置,避免在任何情况下发生交通事故。然而,LTE网络将因无线资源而变得超负荷,数据费用可能会变得过于昂贵。因此,我们必须将数据包的数量减少到2%,同时在位置管理服务器中保持位置的准确性。在本研究中,我们利用网络航位推算和我们的车辆运动模型,开发了一种数据缩减/压缩和通信方法,以减少LTE网络中客户端向服务器上传位置信息的频率,并保持位置管理服务器位置预测的准确性。
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引用次数: 1
Formal and simulation-based timing analysis of Industrial-Ethernet sercos III over TSN TSN上工业以太网伺服系统III的形式化和仿真时序分析
Seifeddine Nsaibi, L. Leurs, H. Schotten
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming more important in automotive and industrial sectors. There is no clear strategy how to use TSN to improve and migrate the established real-time protocols without excluding legacy devices. This paper presents a realistic concept to integrate TSN into automation networks. We choose Sercos as a deterministic Industrial-Ethernet protocol to be extended with the TSN Standards IEEE 802.1AS-Rev and IEEE 802.1Qbv. By simulating the Sercos over TSN network, we investigate the impact of integrating a TSN-capable switch in a Sercos network to enable a topology extension from line/ring to star/tree. By comparing the impact of: increasing the data rate and topology extension, we demonstrate the improvement of Industrial-Ethernet timing performance.
时间敏感网络(TSN)在汽车和工业领域变得越来越重要。如何在不排除遗留设备的情况下使用TSN来改进和迁移已建立的实时协议,目前还没有明确的策略。本文提出了一个将TSN集成到自动化网络中的现实概念。我们选择Sercos作为确定的工业以太网协议,通过TSN标准IEEE 802.1AS-Rev和IEEE 802.1Qbv进行扩展。通过模拟TSN网络上的Sercos,我们研究了在Sercos网络中集成具有TSN功能的交换机以实现从线/环到星形/树的拓扑扩展的影响。通过比较:提高数据速率和拓扑扩展的影响,我们证明了工业以太网时序性能的改善。
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引用次数: 21
Real-time physics-based simulation of mechanisms and systems 机制和系统的实时物理仿真
Tuur Benoit, S. Moten, Y. Lemmens
The paper presents recent technological advancements that have been made by Siemens PLM in its simulation tools for multi-body analyses and multi-physics simulation in order to run physics-based high fidelity models in real-time. The motivation is enable reuse of simulation models developed during the engineering phase during the validation phase with hardware or humans in the loop. To demonstrate these capabilities, two simulator have been developed. A short overview of these simulators is presented.
本文介绍了西门子PLM在其多体分析和多物理场仿真仿真工具中取得的最新技术进展,以便实时运行基于物理场的高保真模型。这样做的动机是允许在验证阶段重用在工程阶段开发的仿真模型,并且在循环中有硬件或人员。为了演示这些功能,开发了两个模拟器。简要介绍了这些模拟器。
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引用次数: 3
Framework for supervised and secure distributed simulations of critical infrastructures 关键基础设施的监督和安全分布式模拟框架
Abbas Siddiqui, H. Heinimann
Research on critical infrastructures (CI)s deals with sensitive data that demands underlying platform to be secure, in addition, testing of CI resilience strategies requires reproducibility of results. Disruption or natural disaster scenarios can not be tested on the physical systems, thus simulations are used for experimentation on CIs and as they are inherently distributed and interdependent which is why here, to model CIs, we use a distributed simulations standard namely High Level Architecture (HLA). The main goals of HLA are to provide interoperability and flexibility. Security and events logging are neither included nor emphasis of HLA standard. This paper presents a framework to have a supervised and secure messages exchange across distributed simulations using HLA standard.
关键基础设施(CI)的研究涉及要求底层平台安全的敏感数据,此外,CI弹性策略的测试需要结果的可重复性。中断或自然灾害场景不能在物理系统上进行测试,因此模拟用于ci上的实验,因为它们本质上是分布式和相互依赖的,这就是为什么在这里,对ci建模,我们使用分布式模拟标准,即高级体系结构(HLA)。HLA的主要目标是提供互操作性和灵活性。HLA标准既不包括也不强调安全性和事件日志记录。本文提出了一种基于HLA标准的分布式仿真消息交换框架。
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引用次数: 0
FeatureSim: Feature-driven simulation for exploratory analysis with agent-based models FeatureSim:使用基于代理的模型进行探索性分析的特征驱动仿真
L. Yilmaz
Complex simulations are often explained in terms of their features. However, the disconnect between such high-level analysis features and their ad hoc realization in a simulation program impedes effectively conducting exploratory analysis across the structural and representational space of the problem domain. Motivated by the significant role that exploratory analysis plays in computational discovery across a broad range of domains from scientific problem solving to policy analysis, a feature-driven simulation modeling strategy is introduced. The strategy leverages the concept of activity, agent, and feature algebras, allowing flexible run-time as well as design-time composition of agent-based simulation programs in terms of features.
复杂的模拟通常用它们的特征来解释。然而,这种高级分析特性和它们在模拟程序中的临时实现之间的脱节阻碍了在问题域的结构和表示空间中有效地进行探索性分析。探索性分析在从科学问题解决到政策分析的广泛领域的计算发现中发挥着重要作用,因此引入了一种特征驱动的仿真建模策略。该策略利用了活动、代理和特征代数的概念,允许灵活地在运行时和设计时组合基于代理的仿真程序的特性。
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引用次数: 0
A simulation model for event goodput estimation in real-time sensor networks 实时传感器网络中事件偏差估计的仿真模型
L. Donatiello, G. Marfia, Armir Bujari, C. Palazzi
In this paper we propose event goodput, i.e., the fraction of events which may be successfully managed by a system, as a relevant metric to describe the performance of battery powered real-time sensor networks. Unlike other performance metrics as response, completion, maximum lateness times, all representing fundamental, but different, figures of merit for the description of the behavior of real-time systems, event goodput provides an immediate and a direct relation with the events which may be satisfactorily managed (or not) by a real-time application. We will show such metric well serves the purpose of describing the performance of battery powered, random event-driven networks, such as sensor networks deployed for surveillance and intrusion detection applications, operating in time critical scenarios. In essence, such real-time systems may be assessed in terms of the fraction of events which they successfully/unsuccessfully detect and report within a time interval of interest. The importance of such metric is here demonstrated providing a simulation model and results where the use of the event goodput metric is discussed in conjunction with those metrics which are traditionally utilized for the assessment of a real-time sensor networks.
在本文中,我们提出事件goodput,即系统可以成功管理的事件的比例,作为描述电池供电的实时传感器网络性能的相关度量。与响应、完成、最大延迟时间等其他性能指标不同,这些指标都代表了描述实时系统行为的基本但不同的价值指标,事件good - put提供了与实时应用程序可能满意地管理(或不满意地管理)的事件之间的直接关系。我们将展示这样的度量很好地服务于描述电池供电、随机事件驱动网络的性能的目的,例如用于监视和入侵检测应用的传感器网络,在时间关键场景下运行。本质上,这种实时系统可以根据它们在感兴趣的时间间隔内成功/不成功检测和报告的事件的比例来评估。这种度量的重要性在这里被证明,提供了一个模拟模型和结果,其中事件good - put度量的使用与传统上用于实时传感器网络评估的那些度量一起被讨论。
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引用次数: 3
The quest for scalability and accuracy: Multi-level simulation of the Internet of Things 对可扩展性和准确性的追求:物联网的多级模拟
S. Ferretti, Gabriele D’angelo, V. Ghini, M. Marzolla
This paper presents a methodology for simulating the Internet of Things (IoT) using multi-level simulation models. With respect to conventional simulators, this approach allows us to tune the level of detail of different parts of the model without compromising the scalability of the simulation. As a use case, we have developed a two-level simulator to study the deployment of smart services over rural territories. The higher level is base on a coarse grained, agent-based adaptive parallel and distributed simulator. When needed, this simulator spawns OMNeT++ model instances to evaluate in more detail the issues concerned with wireless communications in restricted areas of the simulated world. The performance evaluation confirms the viability of multi-level simulations for IoT environments.
本文提出了一种利用多级仿真模型模拟物联网(IoT)的方法。相对于传统的模拟器,这种方法允许我们在不影响模拟的可伸缩性的情况下调整模型不同部分的细节级别。作为一个用例,我们开发了一个两级模拟器来研究智能服务在农村地区的部署。更高的层次是基于粗粒度、基于代理的自适应并行和分布式模拟器。当需要时,该模拟器生成omnet++模型实例,以更详细地评估与模拟世界的受限区域中的无线通信有关的问题。性能评估证实了物联网环境多层次模拟的可行性。
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引用次数: 3
QoS-aware parallel job scheduling framework for simulation execution as a service 支持qos的并行作业调度框架,用于作为服务的模拟执行
Zhen Li, Bin Chen, Xiaocheng Liu, Dandan Ning, Wei Duan, X. Qiu, Chengda Xu
Cloud computing is attracting an increased number of researches in delivering modeling and simulation abilities as a service. Among which, simulation execution as a service (EaaS) is a hot spot. It aims at releasing users from complex running configurations and meanwhile guaranteeing the QoS requirements. Under the motivation, focusing on EaaS for parallel and distributed simulation (PADS) application, the paper proposes a QoS-aware job scheduling framework in two-tier virtualization-based private cloud data center. In PADS EaaS, an adaptive job size adjustment component is designed to realize intelligent and adaptive job size setting for PADS instead of assigning by users. Furthermore, an adaptive deadline-aware job size adjustment algorithm, named ADaSA, is designed in the adjustment component to realize efficient job scheduling with high job responsiveness. ADaSA algorithm firstly computes a minimum processor requested that leads to maximum runtime stretch. It makes sure that more jobs can be scheduled at the same time while satisfying current job's deadline requirements. On other hand, ADaSA tries to pick up all possible idle CPU time in background virtual machines and reserved ones for other jobs. Through that way, more chances are generated to response more jobs in waiting queue. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments with trace-driven simulation. The results show that ADaSA outperforms both cloud-based job scheduling algorithm KCEASY and traditional EASY in terms of response time (up to 90%) and bounded slow down (up to 95%), and at the same time guarantees approximately equivalent deadline-missed rate. ADaSA also outperforms two representative moldable scheduling algorithms in terms of deadline-missed rate (up to 60%).
云计算正在吸引越来越多的研究将建模和仿真能力作为一种服务来提供。其中,仿真执行即服务(EaaS)是一个研究热点。它旨在将用户从复杂的运行配置中解放出来,同时保证QoS需求。在此背景下,针对面向并行与分布式仿真(PADS)应用的EaaS,提出了一种基于两层虚拟化的私有云数据中心的qos感知作业调度框架。在PADS EaaS中,设计了自适应作业大小调整组件,实现了PADS作业大小的智能自适应设置,而不是由用户分配作业大小。在调整组件中设计了一种自适应的ADaSA任务大小调整算法,以实现具有高响应性的高效作业调度。ADaSA算法首先计算最小处理器请求,从而获得最大运行时间。它确保在满足当前作业的截止日期要求的同时可以安排更多的作业。另一方面,ADaSA试图在后台虚拟机中获取所有可能的空闲CPU时间,并为其他作业保留CPU时间。通过这种方式,可以产生更多的机会来响应等待队列中的更多作业。最后,我们进行了大量的跟踪驱动仿真实验。结果表明,ADaSA在响应时间(高达90%)和有界慢速(高达95%)方面优于基于云的作业调度算法KCEASY和传统的EASY,同时保证了近似相等的截止日期错过率。ADaSA在截止日期错过率(高达60%)方面也优于两种代表性的可塑调度算法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2017 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)
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